可控源音频大地电磁法在甘肃和政县地热勘查中应用

本文在研究和政县勘查区已有基础地质、水文地质以及物探资料的基础上,分析有利于地热形成的区段,基于可控源音频大地电磁法（CSAMT）,结合地质、地球物理特征,对数据资料进行了处理与反演解释。进而对研究区2 000 m以内的浅盆地盖、储层位进行了分层,分析和探讨了勘查区及其外围的地层岩性、地质构造活动,明确了地热井勘探靶区,为进一步勘探和开发和政县地热资源提供科学依据。     

综合物探测量在大兴安岭南段炒米房地区铀矿勘查中的应用北大核心CSCD

炒米房地区位于大兴安岭南段、沽源-红山子铀成矿带北部,区内成矿地质条件较为优越。近年来在托河盆地炒米房地区开展铀矿勘查工作,限于地表玄武岩及第四系覆盖物较厚的原因,找矿难度较大。为实现铀矿找矿突破,本次研究采用地面伽玛能谱测量、瞬时氡气测量大致确定地表放射性特征;可控源音频大地电磁测深大致查明花岗岩与花岗闪长岩的深部发育特征,确定构造深部信息;同时应用地面高精度磁测,提高了可控源音频大地电磁测深推断构造的可靠性。本文通过多种方法组合和异常综合分析、解译,圈定多处铀成矿有利部位,在铀成矿有利部位进行钻探查证,揭露到较好的工业铀矿体。总结出一套适用于较厚覆盖地区铀矿勘查的物探综合方法,为今后铀矿找矿工作提供有效技术手段。     

Particle transport mechanics and induced seismic noise in steep flume experiments with accelerometer-embedded tracers

Recent advances in fluvial seismology have provided solid observational and theoretical evidence that near-river seismic ground motion may be used to monitor and quantify coarse sediment transport. However, inversions of sediment transport rates from seismic observations have not been fully tested against independent measurements, and thus have unknown but potentially large uncertainties. In the present study, we provide the first robust test of existing theory by conducting dedicated sediment transport experiments in a flume laboratory under fully turbulent and rough flow conditions. We monitor grain-scale physics with the use of ‘smart rocks’ that consist of accelerometers embedded into manufactured rocks, and we quantitatively link bedload mechanics and seismic observations under various prescribed flow and sediment transport conditions. From our grain-scale observations, we find that bedload grain hop times are widely distributed, with impacts being on average much more frequent than predicted by existing saltation models. Impact velocities are observed to be a linear function of average downstream cobble velocities, and both velocities show a bed-slope dependency that is not represented in existing saltation models. Incorporating these effects in an improved bedload-induced seismic noise model allows sediment flux to be inverted from seismic noise within a factor of two uncertainty. This result holds over nearly two orders of magnitude of prescribed sediment fluxes with different sediment sizes and channel-bed slopes, and particle–particle collisions observed at the highest investigated rates are found to have negligible effect on the generated seismic power. These results support the applicability of the seismic-inversion framework to mountain rivers, although further experiments remain to be conducted at sediment transport near transport capacity. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

数字地震波形分析软件

首先概述了数字地震波形分析的重要性及该领域一些主要波形分析软件的概况,然后介绍了笔者研制的《数字地震波形分析—WAVE Version 2004》软件;详细描述了该软件的设计目标、研制思路、系统特点、系统框架、操作界面、技术特点、方法功能等;最后给出了一个实际应用的实例。通过一些用户的反馈意见,认为该软件可作为当前地震学研究与分析预报工作中的一个主要工具。     

Structure of the Middle Urals,east of the main Uralian Fault

In the Middle Urals, volcanic-arc and back-arc basin rocks of Ordovician to Devonian age occur in the Tagil Synform. These outboard terranes were thrust westwards in the late Carboniferous onto continental margin associations of late Proterozoic and Palaeozoic age, now exposed in the Central Uralian Uplift. The Main Uralian Fault coincides approximately with the suture separating the outboard terranes from the East European Platform margin. New fieldwork in the hinterland of the Middle Urals in the area east of the Tagil Synform has found structural evidence favouring E-directed thrusting of accreted terranes and eugeoclinal allochthons in the late Palaeozoic. The upper tectonic units are composed of ophiolite mélange and volcano-sedimentary rocks of Ordovician to Devonian age; they are thrust onto high-grade gneisses, some of possible microcontinental affinities, extensively intruded by mid-Palaeozoic granitic plutons. The nappes in the hinterland are refolded by major upright antiforms and synforms that fold the entire tectonostratigraphy. After thrust assembly, all tectonic units east of the Main Uralian Fault were intruded by late Carboniferous to early Permian granites. Reflection seismic profiles (recorded to 8 s TWT), recently reprocessed at Cornell University, image the major fold structures and demonstrate that they are restricted to the upper crust, being underlain by an extensive zone of flat-lying middle crustal reflectivity. At 10–15 km depth the latter appears to truncate all structures, including the late- to post-tectonic granitoids and extensional faults, east of the Main Uralian Fault. Previous studies (potential-field, refraction- and wide-angle-reflection seismics) have identified an anomalously deep crust under the Tagil Synform and have concluded that the root zone of the orogen is located beneath this belt. The new evidence presented here supports this interpretation, with back-thrusting of the oceanic rocks eastwards over Palaeozoic accreted terranes. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

1937年菏泽7级地震的地震学史涵义探索

1937年菏泽7级地震是中国近代地震史上具有特殊历史价值的地震:(1)菏泽地震的原始资料有4类载体:文字记载、震区"地震调查表"、地震波记录以及现场老照片,说明这次地震既有历史地震学属性,也有近代地震学属性,体现了中国历史地震学向近代地震学进展转化的时代特色。(2)由于抗日战争全面爆发等多方面原因,菏泽地震后政府基本没有实施有效的救灾行动,灾区陷于困难境地,只有上海华洋义赈会于震后一个月到灾区进行了有限的救助活动。菏泽地震是战争时期发生的灾难性地震,由此提示,在战时发生地震等严重自然灾害的应对问题应引起事先重视。