荒漠灌丛微生境土壤温度的时空变异特征——灌丛与降水的影响

对干旱区优势固沙灌木柠条群落不同微生境（灌丛外和灌丛下）的土壤温度（0 cm、5 cm、10 cm和20 cm剖面深度）进行了连续测定,对比分析了晴天、降水日与灌丛对其微生境土壤温度时空变异的影响。结果表明:降水和植被灌丛对土壤温度均具有显著影响。在无雨日,受灌丛遮阴影响,灌丛外土壤温度明显高于灌丛下相同深度的土壤温度;在降水日,土壤温度主要受降水影响,降水使土壤温度明显降低,灌丛的影响作用减弱,灌丛下和灌丛外同一剖面深度的土壤温度差异较小。无雨日土壤温度日变化呈单峰型正弦曲线,随剖面深度增加,土壤温度振幅逐渐减小,峰值出现时间滞后,土壤温度垂直分布变化呈现4种典型变化曲线。夜间（日落至日出）柠条灌丛下地表温度（0 cm土壤温度）比灌丛外地表温度略高。降水日土壤温度日变化随降水过程的持续呈逐渐递减趋势,土壤温度垂直分布变化表现为随深度增加而递增的趋势。     

北京城市公共绿地对房地产价值的影响研究(英文)

欧美地区大量研究表明,城市公园对附近房地产价值有明显增值效应,但是关于北京城市绿地与房地产价值之间的关系还未有研究,阻碍了社会公众和城市管理者对绿地资源重要功能的认识。本研究首先采用问卷调查与享乐价格法,分析了北京城区14个公园绿地与附近76个居住小区房产价格的关系,并借助北京市第七次园林绿化资源普查数据(2009)与GIS技术测算了18070ha城市公共绿地的房产增值总效应。结果表明,在北京地区,公园绿地能对其附近850-1604 m范围的房产价格有0.5%-14.1%的增值效应。北京城市公共绿地共产生28.6亿元的房产增值, 约合每公顷绿地平均增值16万元, 相当于绿地维护成本的1.8-3.9倍。因此,通过提高绿地附近房产的部分税收作为绿地建设与维护资金具有一定的现实意义。     

火山岩油气储层特征浅析

火山岩储层是一种特殊的油气储层.火山岩储层的发育在很大程度上依赖于储层的岩性岩相特征,主要为玄武岩、安山岩、以及自碎角砾熔岩,包括爆发相、溢流相、次火山岩相、火山通道相、侵入相和喷发沉积相.火山岩主要靠相互连通的孔、洞、缝组成的网络来构成储集空间.储集空间有原生和次生两大类.我国中-新生代玄武岩储层的测井曲线特征一般是低声波,低感应,低自然伽码,高电阻,高密度;在地震剖面上多表现为低频的强反射,层速度为2 500～5 000 m/s.     

Imagining the border and Southern spaces: Cinematic explorations of race and gender

For some time the US-Mexico border has been a symbol – and site – of conflict, collaboration, and transnational mobility. Related to the border, the topic of undocumented immigration, and Mexican migrants in particular, has received considerable attention in US mainstream media. Cinema in particular, provides a context for producing and interrogating discourses of nationalism, nativism, and fear. The cinematic examples I draw on illustrate an ongoing fear (and terror) about borders and border crossing of various forms. In this paper I explore how narratives of borders and nationhood are mapped onto immigrant bodies and border spaces through specific filmic representations. In order to undertake this study I focus on three cinematic examples exploring immigration at the US-Mexico border – Touch of Evil, The Border and Lone Star. I examine how concepts of borders, race, and gender, and tropes of ‘The South’ are reterritorialized around immigrant bodies and specific locales. I argue that an inability to control and ‘fix’ boundaries around possible ‘threats’ to specific US spaces and identities is counteracted by displacing this fear onto more easily marked targets that are viewed as posing challenges to US national (and personal) security, i.e., undocumented immigrants. At the same time, cinematic images illustrate that the threats and spaces for immigrants themselves become increasingly marginalized, blurred, and frequently erased. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Lowland Canterbury landscapes in the making

Abstract: This article explores environmental imaginaries of colonization in lowland Canterbury. In 1844 Edward Shortland observed that his Māori companions had an exceptionally detailed geographical knowledge of the area and its resources, yet a few years later European settlers were viewing it as an empty stage on which to envision newly‐constructed landscapes. The terrain was contested, but colonial ‘improvement’, through the creation of spaces of modernity, took no cognizance of this. The legacies of that transformation are a simplified, orderly landscape, and fractured but persistent memories of indigenous ecosystems that are now being revived.     

GLOBALIZATION AND EXTERRITORIALITY IN METROPOLITAN CAIRO

ABSTRACT. Rapid construction of new spaces like hotels, malls, private clubs, and gated communities in Greater Cairo, Egypt produces structures disconnected spatially and conceptually from most of the existing urban fabric. Their spatial concepts and practices, as well as architectural forms and expertise, are based largely on globally available models. Planning and construction are guided by the search for security in the face of real or imagined fear of the urban masses and political upheaval. Concrete walls, guarded entrances, and high‐tech security technology bear witness to these fears. Analysis of the Mena House Hotel, the Grand Egyptian Museum project, and the First Mall in Giza shows how these projects globalize Cairo and localize the global. Often these globalized spaces are remade by creating local and regional ties and design features that were not anticipated by the planners. Such changes shed light on underlying dynamics and contribute to a better understanding of in situ globalization. Whereas their physical features tend to accentuate their globalized nature, these spaces do not exist in isolation from their geographical and cultural contexts. Their everyday realities tell tales of reterritorialization that are frequently overlooked in scholarly debates.     

Contextualising gender empowerment at the grassroots: a tale of two policy initiatives

The policy environment on gender is fraught with contradictions and contestation of varying degrees in India that does not disappear even as recent transformative mode of participatory initiatives seem to place women’s agency at the core of empowerment agenda. Drawing from two collaborative projects at the grassroots, the paper argues that even well conceptualised projects miss the cutting edge distinction between women and gender and continue to engage with an instrumental logic of women’s development and empowerment at the expense of issues of gender equality and equity in translating the intention into action. It is also observed, however, that spatially embedded social and cultural specificities impact policy discourse resulting in very different outcomes of conceptually comparable policy formulations. According to the author acknowledging spatiality of experiences provides a vantage point to critically engage with context-specific strategies to resolve gendered conflicts and tensions resulting from confining social relations and normative gender codes.     

Urban green resilience: Experience from post-industrial cities in Poland

De-industrialisation triggered economic, spatial and environmental changes in cities. Therefore, this study identifies whether there has been a reorientation of spatial development in post-industrial cities towards the creation of green spaces. The aim of the study is to analyse and evaluate the transformation of green spaces in 32 major cities in Poland, including 12 post-industrial cities. Data sources were vector land cover data models from the Urban Atlas for 2006 and 2018, administrative boundaries from the National Boundary Register and building layers from the Topographic Objects Database. The research procedure was carried out using the GIS environment, through spatial analysis, geoprocessing algorithms, and spatial statistics. The results have shown that post-industrial cities do not develop their urban resilience based on the expansion of green spaces and, consequently, do not build green urban resilience. In addition, the research has proven that the greatest loss of green spaces is noticeable in parts of post-industrial cities with medium and high development intensity, where there is an intensification of construction activity. The dominant direction of the transformation of green spaces has been the conversion of agricultural areas into green spaces (87.79%). In contrast, the main direction of loss in green space has been the creation of new industrial units (24.80%) and the expansion of the urban fabric (23.53%). The article is original due to the fact that there is a gap in the literature regarding the study of green spaces in post-industrial cities with regard to the concept of green urban resilience.     

北京老城商业空间演替过程研究——以1996年到2006年内城南北剖线变化为例

城市商业空间变化是城市经济地理学研究的主要内容之一.随着城市的发展,其老城不再是城市唯一的商业区和商务区布局地.在唯一性地位丧失后,老城的商业空间特性将发生变化.本研究选择北京老城的一条南北剖线进行实地调查和历史资料整理.结果显示,1996到2006年的10年间,商业中心地空间格局发生了演替,同时出现了专门化的商业区.本研究以中心地理论、柔性专门化概念和中心城市演变理论来分析商业空间演替原因.本研究在前人研究基础上,探索用"职能数"划分商业区等级,用同类店的"线密度"划分专门化商业区.本研究的另一探索是用野外景观调查法弥补文献资料的不足.①北京老城商业空间的演替可以从商业中心地的覆盖范围变化来分析.自1996到2006年,调查剖线上二等商业中心地的覆盖范围减小,连续的专门化商业区出现.②剖线上中心地格局变化的原因主要是交通的发展.③柔性专门化布局趋势促使调查线上专门化商业区的出现.城市扩展,城市边缘新型商业业态与老城商业业态的竞争,导致高档专门化商业区向高级商业中心地的靠拢,也顺应了老城高级中心地职能提升的需要.由于数据资料的原因,仅取南北纵向的街面上的店为分析对象.由于未获得各业种在北京城市的分布状况,因此只能绘出剖线附近的中心地等级变化,目前的结论尚不能推断老城其他地区商业空间演替的情况.     

转型期北京社区公共空间对邻里交往的影响机理：本地居民与移民的对比分析

利用2017年北京市36个小区的居民问卷调查数据,并基于POI数据测量小区尺度上步行道、公园、交通站点、商业设施、学校5类公共空间与设施的可达性,采用结构方程模型考察社区公共空间对本地居民、外来移民邻里交往的不同影响作用和机理。研究发现,在城市转型与居住分异的背景下：典型公共空间（步行道、公园）在促进邻里交往的作用上不如交通站点、商业设施等准公共空间设施;相较于外来移民,本地居民的邻里交往水平更容易受到社区公共空间的影响。