高烈度区大跨度桥梁粘滞阻尼器减震研究

高烈度地震对铁路桥梁安全造成巨大隐患,且次生灾害将引起较大经济损失。该大跨连续梁桥所处地震带正进入活跃期,未来有发生较大规模强烈地震的可能,但桥梁自身不具备高烈度抗震能力,需利用粘滞阻尼器对其进行减震处理。采用斜向设置阻尼器并配合双曲面球型支座,来控制可能发生的纵向和横向地震。通过数值模拟进行阻尼器参数敏感性分析以及减震效果讨论,进而确定其最优设置方案。选取相关参数作为评价指标,对比加设阻尼器前后易损部位的地震响应,确定其在高烈度地震荷载激励下的减震效果。研究结果表明:在液体粘滞阻尼器的作用下,使得各墩协同受力,大大增加了结构的整体性,同时能很好弥补减隔震支座不能很好的控制上部结构位移的缺点,同时能降低罕遇地震力对桥墩的冲击损伤。因此,在高烈度区大跨度桥梁中更有必要设置阻尼器来抗震。     

芜湖市GPS台站网系统升级后的智能化管理与应用

本文阐述了连续运行参考站系统管理和监控原理,利用监测功能进行智能化管理以及升级后的连续运行参考站系统在芜湖市建设中的应用。     

Continuous velocity fields for collapse and blowout of a pressurized tunnel face in purely cohesive soil

Face stability analysis of tunnels excavated under pressurized shields is a major issue in real tunnelling projects. Most of the failure mechanisms used for the stability analysis of tunnels in purely cohesive soils were derived from rigid block failure mechanisms that were developed for frictional soils, by imposing a null friction angle. For a purely cohesive soil, this kind of mechanism is quite far from the actual velocity field. This paper aims at proposing two new continuous velocity fields for both collapse and blowout of an air‐pressurized tunnel face. These velocity fields are much more consistent with the actual failures observed in undrained clays. They are based on the normality condition, which states that any plastic deformation in a purely cohesive soil develops without any volume change. The numerical results have shown that the proposed velocity fields significantly improve the best existing bounds for collapse pressures and that their results compare reasonably well with the collapse and blowout pressures provided by a commercial finite difference software, for a much smaller computational cost. A design chart is provided for practical use in geotechnical engineering. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微波干涉测量技术及其在桥梁变形观测中的应用

将步进频率连续波技术和干涉测量技术相结合而构成的地面微波干涉雷达系统GB-radar,可用于获取高精度、高分辨率的变形信息,以实现对地面目标的静动态高精度监测.本文介绍了基于该技术的IBIS-S系统在桥梁变形观测中的应用,分析了测量误差,通过实例验证了地面微波干涉雷达技术可以精细地测量桥梁挠度的动态变化,精度高,可以真实地反映结构物的动力特性.     

基于Panorama Studio的街景网络快速发布关键技术研究

街景影像与电子地图、遥感影像结合提供给人们一种多尺度、多视角认识地球的新途径。本文探讨了移动测量车、手持相机全景影像的获取方法、基于Panorama Studio的全景影像拼接方法,以及网络环境下全景影像的发布,结合ArcGIS Server发布的地图,探讨了基于JavaScript的街景与地图交互等关键技术,形成一整套全景影像获取、拼接、发布技术流程。在此基础上实现了高速公路带状地形图街景网站的原型设计。     

基于频谱分解的碳酸盐岩储层识别

频谱分解技术是将地震信号从时间域转换到频率域,分析频率对不同尺度地质体的振幅、相位响应特征的一项技术.频谱分解能够得到高于传统分辨率的解释结果,提高刻画储层分布的能力.本文详述了短时傅里叶变换、连续小波变换和S变换的数学原理及适用性:短时傅里叶变换使用固定时窗,不能根据信号的变化调整分辨率,只适合分析分段平稳或近似平稳的信号;连续小波变换使用移动的、尺度可变的小波作为时窗,具有多分辨率特点,但是实际中选择能反映信号特征的小波函数不易;S变换使用频率的倒数来调节时窗,具有多分辨率特征,对数据处理的适应性较强.将这三种方法分别应用于碳酸盐岩储层发育区,利用靠近地震主频的35 Hz分频剖面,分析了不同时窗大小的短时傅里叶变换效果,不同类型小波的连续小波变换效果,并对比了不同频谱分解算法对储层的描述精度.通过分析得出分频剖面比常规地震剖面更有利于储层识别,且S变换效果最好.     

廊坊市雷暴大风多普勒雷达特征指标预警应用分析

利用北京、天津和沧州多普勒天气雷达对2010—2019年廊坊市发生的29次雷暴大风天气过程中的阵风锋、径向速度大值区、垂直累积液态水含量（VIL）≥40 kg?m-2等预警指标进行验证分析，结果表明：51.9%的站次出现了阵风锋，其中61.0%的雷暴大风出现在主体回波移动前方中部到右侧；17 m?s-1以上大风速区作为预警指标，预警的平均提前量达47.2 min。100%的弓形回波雷暴大风出现前上游及可能影响区域存在≥17 m?s-1的大风速区，以此发布预警可提前37.1 min；71.4%的雷暴大风站点上空或10 km范围内VIL≥40 kg?m-2，平均预警提前量最高，达到52.7 min；依据带状回波前侧或右前侧出现阵风锋发布预警的平均提前量为60.6 min。73.7%的块状回波雷暴大风天气上游及可能影响区域有≥17 m?s-1的大风速区。结合上游及可能影响区域≥17 m?s-1和≥20 m?s-1以上大风速区、阵风锋、VIL≥40 kg?m-2出现位置可以提前30—60 min发布雷暴大风预警信号，且可更加精准的预测灾害性大风的落区、出现时间和强度。     

A comparison of three approaches to spatial generalization of rainfall–runoff models

The generalization of the parameters of rainfall–runoff models, to enable application at ungauged sites, is an important and ongoing area of research. This paper compares the performance of three alternative methods of generalization, for two parameter‐sparse conceptual models (PDM and TATE), specifically for use in flood frequency estimation using continuous simulation. Two of the methods are based on fitting regression relationships between catchment properties and calibrated parameter values, using weighted or sequential regression (with weights based on estimates of calibration uncertainty), and the third is based on the use of pooling groups, defined through measures of site‐similarity based on catchment properties. The study uses a relatively large sample of catchments in Britain. For the PDM, the site‐similarity method performs best, but not greatly better than either regression method, so there may be cases where the use of regression would be preferable. For the TATE model, weighted regression performs best (with a very similar level of performance to that of the PDM with site‐similarity), whereas site‐similarity performs worst (due to poor performance for catchments with higher baseflow), indicating that the choice of model and generalization method should not be separated. The use of sequential regression, which was developed to try to allow for parameter interdependence, shows no clear advantage for either model. Other than the poor performance of the TATE model with site‐similarity for catchments with a higher baseflow index, there are no clear relationships between performance of any model/method and catchment type. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

特尔菲法在土地利用总体规划评价中的应用

本文总结了土地利用总体规划评价中存在的问题,说明了评价的内涵及内容,提出了评价体系;运用特尔菲(Delphi)法,建立了土地利用总体规划综合评价模型和指标体系;评价方法的建立,有助于政府相关部门对规划评价的规范化和制度化。     

地磁异常数据格网化最优方法

针对不同的格网化方法将影响地磁异常数据区域建模的精度,该文利用改进的谢别德法、克里格法、连续曲率样条法将空间分辨率为10′×10′的地磁异常数据内插得到2′×2′的地磁异常;并对这3种方法所获得的结果进行精度评定。结果表明,连续曲率样条法获得的结果最佳,其次是改进的谢别德法和克里格法。