河北省怀4井氦气观测集气装置改造

怀4井氦气观测初始采用井口至水面的井管静空间获取气体,氦气测值随水位发生变化,且井管静空间大,新旧气体易混合,进入测氦仪传感器的新鲜气体比例小,测值稳定,一些应力场作用信息被掩盖。为此,将不锈钢杯集气漏斗悬于水面上2 m处收集观测井自然逸出气,新鲜的逸出气及时有效地进入测氦仪传感器,有效避免水位涨落影响,观测数据有明显变化,观测效果较理想。     

长联大跨摩擦摆支座隔震连续梁桥多维地震反应分析

结合长联大跨连续梁桥的特点,以1座(65+123+156+123+10×90+55)m长联大跨摩擦摆支座隔震连续梁桥为背景,建立了全桥三维有限元模型,运用非线性时程分析法,分析了地震动输入模式、地震动强度、摩擦摆支座参数对该桥内力、位移和能量响应的影响。研究结果表明:(1)长联大跨连续梁桥布置摩擦摆支座,可有效延滞固定墩顶有效主梁质量效应,实现全桥协同抗震。大部分地震能量可通过支座滞回耗能散耗,大幅降低了该桥固定墩地震能量耗散需求。(2)长联大跨连续梁桥减隔震设计中,建议采用水平单向+竖向地震组合进行内力设计,采用三向地震组合进行位移设计。(3)强震作用下,支座摩擦因数取0.029~0.034时该桥隔震性能最优。     

A SUPER-DYNAMIC DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT SYSTEM WITH LONG-TIME PARALLEL CONTINUOUS ACQUISITION

In the simulation experiments of earthquakes in laboratory, the instability slip or rupture events are obtained through steady state loading to simulate earthquake processes. In the experiments, steady-state deformation and unstable sliding occur alternately. It is hard to determine the origin time and duration of the instability event of fault, and there may be many instability events in one experiment. Therefore, in order to ensure that sufficient data is obtained at the extremely short instability moment to analyze the mechanical process of the earthquake source, the data acquisition system is required to continuously collect data at high-speed from the beginning of the experiment until the end, and the lasting time can be more than ten hours, so it requires huge storage space. Although the upper frequency limit of the instability signal is unknown exactly, but the previous experiments have shown that the frequency of the signal will reach hundred to several kilohertz, so the sampling frequency of the data acquisition should be above megahertz. In this case of long-time continuous high-frequency data acquisition, it is still necessary to maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, previous studies have proved that the source mechanics field has a complex spatial structure, which is difficult to describe with a few measuring points, and it is necessary to perform simultaneous measurements of the source mechanics field for dozens or more measuring points. The combination of long-term continuous recording, high-resolution high-frequency sampling and multi-point simultaneous measurement poses a huge challenge to the technical indicators of the observing system. With the method for composing distributed synchronous acquisition machine group by using multiple high-resolution high-frequency sampling computers, a super dynamic deformation measurement system of high signal-to-noise ratio, which features 64-channel, 16-bit resolution, 4MHz sampling frequency, and parallel continuous acquisition with tens of hours was developed. This system can realize the synchronous acquisition of various signals, such as strain, acoustic emission, electromagnetic waves and displacement, so it is convenient for analyzing the conversion relationship between various physical quantities.     

中国对虾淋巴组织培养细胞中立克次氏体形态及其感染细胞的病理观察

该文报道在中国对虾淋巴组织培养细胞中发现了一种立克次氏体 ,大小 0 .2～ 0 .9μm,具有链状、双球状、亚铃状等多形性 ,存在于细胞质中。在感染细胞中有大量包涵体样的结构 ,包涵体周围包有一层膜 ,膜内存在大量不同形态、大小和电子密度的立克次氏体。在包涵体之外 ,也可观察到许多散在的立克次氏体。感染立克次氏体的细胞 ,都不同程度地出现细胞病变 ,表现为核膜溶解 ,核染色质凝聚 ,部分线粒体膜溶解 ,粗面内质网水肿。     

酵母培养物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫力和抗病力的影响

【目的】探讨高蛋白酵母培养物替代鱼粉对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)生长性能、血清生化指标、非特异性免疫力和抗病力的影响。【方法】在基础饲料中分别添加质量分数0、2.5%、5.0%和7.5%酵母培养物(记为Y0、Y2.5、Y5.0和Y7.5组),分别替代质量分数0、10%、20%和30%的鱼粉,配制4种等氮等脂饲料,饲喂凡纳滨对虾(初始体质量0.70±0.03 g)56 d后,测定对虾生长性能、血清生化及免疫酶指标;用哈维氏弧菌(Vibrioharveyi)攻毒,测定对虾累计死亡率。【结果】Y2.5和Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾增重率和特定生长率与Y0组的差异无统计学意义(P> 0.05),Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾摄食率显著高于Y0和Y2.5组(P <0.05);Y5.0组凡纳滨对虾血清甘油三酯含量显著低于Y0组(P<0.05),Y7.5组凡纳滨对虾血清谷丙转氨酶含量显著高于Y0、Y2.5组(P <0.05),血清总胆固醇显著低于Y0、Y2.5组(P <0.05);酵母培养物替代饲料中20%和30%的鱼粉可显著提高对虾攻毒前肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶活性(P <0.05),Y7.5组对虾肝胰腺丙二醛含量在哈维氏弧菌(Vibrio harveyi)攻毒后显著低于Y0组(P <0.05);攻毒7 d后,Y7.5组凡纳滨对虾累积死亡率显著低于Y0组(P<0.05)。【结论】酵母培养物替代鱼粉比例小于20%时,不会显著影响凡纳滨对虾生长性能;替代比例为30%时,生长受抑制。当替代量比例为30%时可显著提高凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫力和抗病力。     

Global Disorder in the Undead World: Teaching Geopolitics With Zombies

Zombies are in many ways the quintessential metaphor for contemporary security threats: They come seemingly out of nowhere, and assault and disperse without respect for national borders. This article details an undergraduate college course in geopolitics that combines a focus on popular geopolitics and international studies with zombies using Max Brooks’s bestselling horror novel World War Z. The global political order is becoming increasingly complex and rapid shifts in policy challenge students’ ability to connect theory with world events. Popular culture tropes, like zombies, can help explain theory and convoluted political relations in a way that students can understand and apply.     

博物馆文化展演与城市记忆活化传承 ——基于旅游留言档案的文本分析

通过对广州南越王博物馆2015年1月至2017年7月期间的1 294条旅游留言档案（线下留言207条,线上留言1 087条）的文本分析,发现建筑遗址、文物遗产、解说系统和游客参与共同构成了博物馆文化展演的“舞台”“道具”“演员”和“观众”维度因素体系,“建筑遗址”通过真实遗址和现代展馆构建了满足观众对历史文化想象的“舞台”,“文物遗产”和“解说系统”分别以静态和动态的方式将城市记忆内涵进行解构,最后“游客参与”使记忆主体发挥能动性,完成自身对记忆内涵的再编码,实现城市记忆的建构和传承,因此这4个因素在城市记忆构建过程中分别发挥了唤醒、强化、活化和传承作用,构建了博物馆城市记忆链,并进一步强调了记忆主体感知行为、博物馆文化原真特性对于文化展演和记忆传承效果的重要影响。     

“双修”视角下传统村落人居环境转型发展模式研究——以湖南省2个典型村为例

传统村落承载着中华民族的血脉和基因,乡村转型背景下,如何留住这份“乡愁”显得尤为重要。论文以湖南岳阳张谷英村和通道皇都村为例,从景观基因修补和文化基因修复的视角,探讨自组织和他组织模式下人居环境转型发展的演变路径和空间特征。研究显示：① 自组织模式下,传统村落人居环境转型机制较为灵活,实效性强,但短期稳定性差;他组织模式下的转型机制短期稳定性较强,但缺乏一定的实效性。② 自组织模式下的转型发展由内生力量自下而上推动,“双修”理念下沉发展较好,创新与适应能力强,但“双修”效果缺乏一定的规范性和整体性;他组织模式下的转型发展由外部力量自上而下推动,“双修”效果具有较强的规范性和秩序性,整体呈环状格局,但内生力量较弱,理念下沉较差,主动创新能力与适应能力低。③ 自组织模式下的转型发展具有一定的逻辑性,即文化基因修复为先,景观基因修补在后,整体呈波状起伏路径;他组织模式下的发展逻辑与自组织相反,整体呈阶梯式路径。④ 自组织模式在传统村落未来发展中能够稳固延续;他组织模式下,虽短期内可以延续,但随着内外主体的强弱转化,最终将被自组织模式取代。     

中国海水养殖碳汇经济价值时空演化及影响因素分析

中国是全球海水养殖第一强国,养殖产量占世界总产量的70%以上。根据碳税法和人工造林法测算海水养殖碳汇经济价值,并探讨时空分异特征;采用LMDI指数分解法,分析海水养殖业碳汇能力影响因素。研究结果表明：① 2008—2017年碳汇量和经济价值均呈上升趋势,2017年经济价值达到91.8亿元;各省碳汇效率排名波动较大,效率和经济价值相对差异和绝对差异逐渐缩小,经济价值处于持续增长趋势。② 时空演化上,经济价值呈现出泛环渤海、泛长三角、泛珠三角三足鼎立分布态势,时空演化揭示了中国碳汇渔业在科学引导,合理布局,陆海统筹,试点先行,全国推广的演化机理,表明中国碳汇渔业发展态势趋好。③ 碳汇能力影响因素中,价值效应大于规模效应和结构效应,渔业相关的法律、法规对规模效应和结构效应的影响显著。研究海水养殖碳汇有利于促进海洋渔业高质量发展,以期为开发利用海洋渔业碳汇提供理论依据。