Lasting Legacies: Conservation and Communities at Huascaran National Park,Peru

This article uses a case-study approach to investigate the challenges of protected area (PA) management for Huascaran National Park in the Peruvian Andes. The park is analyzed by situating the timing of establishment of the park boundaries within the context of two historical Peruvian events: agrarian reform (1969) and an earthquake (1970). Interviews and narratives from community members and stakeholders associated with park delimitation and management were used for the study. Analysis of narratives revealed that the establishment of park boundaries, the legal definition used for the park, and land use restrictions contribute to diminished support for the park from surrounding communities. Community and national institutions negotiate the spatial boundary of conservation in Huascaran National Park while engaging with historical narratives that invoke environmental constraints and acts of resistance.     

长江中游生态区湿地保护现状及保护空缺分析

基于长江中游生态区湿地类型、湿地植被和鸟类生境分布情况及湿地保护体系现状,利用ArcGIS软件空间分析功能,初步构建了合理保护长江中游生态区湿地的格局.研究结果表明,目前长江中游生态区已建立了各级不同类型湿地自然保护区和湿地公园共78个,使大约33.6%的湿地面积受到了保护:但仍有3种湿地型和2种自然湿地植被没有纳入保...     

浅谈生态环境建设与水资源保护利用的关系

介绍了生态环境建设与水资源保护利用的关系,以及这种关系所表现出的三个方面.     

中牟县雁鸣湖湿地旅游资源及评价利用

中牟县雁鸣湖湿地是郑州黄河湿地的重要组成部分,其完整的新生湿地、独特的黄河文化、良好的生物多样性、珍稀的鸟类物种和奇特的鸟类景观等自然资源使其旅游价值极高。通过对雁鸣湖湿地生态旅游资源的评价研究,提出了资源开发、保护建议。     

北京山区野生观赏植物资源

对北京山区野生观赏植物资源进行了实地调查和统计分析，结果表明：有２２７种植物具有观赏意义，其中１０９种植物可重点引种或具有开展驯化试验研究价值。根据植物性质及其用途，初拟了野生观赏植物分类系统。并对北京山区的野生观赏植物按类别作了概要介绍和评价。最后对野生观赏植物的保护与合理开发利用提出了建议。     

The importance of local forest benefits: Economic valuation of Non-Timber Forest Products in the Eastern Arc Mountains in Tanzania

Understanding the spatial distribution of the quantity and economic value of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP) collection gives insight into the benefits that local communities obtain from forests, and can inform decisions about the selection of forested areas that are eligible for conservation and enforcement of regulations. In this paper we estimate transferable household production functions of NTFP extraction in the Eastern Arc Mountains (EAM) in Tanzania, based on information from seven multi-site datasets related to the behaviour of over 2000 households. The study shows that the total benefit flow of charcoal, firewood, poles and thatch from the EAM to the local population has an estimated value of USD 42 million per year, and provides an important source of additional income for local communities, especially the poorest, who mainly depend on subsistence agriculture. The resulting map of economic values shows that benefits vary highly across space with population density, infrastructure and resource availability. We argue that if further restrictions on forest access to promote conservation are considered, this will require additional policies to prevent a consequent increase in poverty, and an enforced trade-off between conservation and energy supply to rural and urban households.     

桃源沅水湿地保护与生态恢复研究

以中华秋沙鸭重要越冬地——桃源沅水湿地为例,分析了桃源沅水湿地现状,研究了其湿地保护与生态恢复工程,旨在保护中华秋沙鸭重要栖息地、水鸟与鱼类生境,保护重要饮用水水源地,并提出了生态恢复方案及保护措施。     

昆仑山口西8.1级地震前的地震活动图像演变特征

昆仑山口西8．1级地震的孕育过程以地震空间图像的递进演变为特征,可分为三个阶段：1959年以来M≥6地震围成背景空区的阶段,1994年以来M≥5地震围成孕震空区的阶段和震前4个月的“逼近地震空区”阶段．在孕震空区的末期,青藏块体及中国西部出现了1～2年的地震奈带;伴随逼近地震空区的形成,还出现了较大范围的小震平静．最后讨论了中国大陆西部8级地震的时空演变特征。     

Soil and Water Conservation Technology in the Zhifanggou Watershed

Soil and water conservation technology plays an important role in soil and water loss control and the construction of the ecological civilization in vulnerable areas. Here, soil and water conservation technology use over 70 years for the Zhifanggou watershed is summarized and ecological, economic and social backgrounds are determined through consultation with experts and reference to published literature. We found that soil and water conservation technology use includes soil and water conservation engineering technology, soil and water conservation cultivation technology and soil and water conservation biotechnology. Soil and water conservation technology utilization varied with people’s demands and core problems at different developmental stages of the agricultural eco-economic system. The coupling process of the agricultural eco-economic system at Zhifanggou went through three stages. In stages I and II, soil and water conservation cultivation technology was applied to meet farmers’ basic life demands. In stage III, all three technologies were applied comprehensively to solve eco-environmental problems and adjust industrial structure. To facilitate regional ecological civilization construction and sustainable development of the ecological economy and society, more emphasis should be given to research and development, implementation of soil and water conservation technology, stand structure improvement, forest grass quality enhancement, biodiversity, ecosystem functional improvement, development of soil and water conservation ecological resources, the coupling of soil and water conservation, and agricultural industry-resource optimization.     

中国城市土地城镇化多层级影响因素分析

土地城镇化是地理学与土地科学交叉的核心研究领域。随着中国城镇化水平不断提升,土地城镇化作为城镇化在空间的具体体现,已经成为学者和政府共同关注的焦点。土地城镇化受到省、市多层面因素影响,单一层面的影响因素并不能完全有效解释中国特殊行政体系下的多层级关系。本文采用熵值法对中国省、市两个层面影响因素的不同指标进行客观赋权,建立两层线性模型,对2005年和2016年全国102个具有代表性的城市土地城镇化影响因素进行实证研究。结果表明：① 市级层面,2005年要素投入和公共服务是影响城市土地城镇化的主要因素,其中以要素投入最重要。2016年经济发展水平成为最关键的影响因素,要素投入、公共服务、人口集聚对土地城镇化的影响程度依次降低。② 省级层面,区域经济发展水平差异是土地城镇化的主要影响因素。政府资源保护态度、生态和农业资源与市级因素以及城市建成区面积呈显著负相关。根据区域所处发展水平的不同,政府开发态度、地理区位与市级因素存在复杂的影响关系。③ 1978年改革开放以来,中国土地城镇化是工业化和城镇化共同作用的结果,土地城镇化进程逐步由政府主导转向经济驱动。多层级土地城镇化研究,可以更好地解析不同层面影响因素对土地城镇化水平影响机制和跨级关系,为更合理精准的城镇化政策制定提供理论依据。