Seismic fracture evaluation of diaphragm joints in welded beam-to-box column moment connections

Steel box columns are widely used in steel building structures in Taiwan due to their dual strong axes. To transfer the beam-end moment to the column, diaphragm plates of the same thickness and elevations as the beam flanges are usually welded inside the box column. The electro-slag welding (ESW) process is widely used to connect the diaphragms to the column flanges in Taiwan because of its convenience and efficiency. However, ESW may increase the hardness of the welds and heat-affected zones (HAZs), while reducing the Charpy-V notch strength in the HAZ. This situation can cause premature fracture of the diaphragm-to-column flange welds before a large plastic rotation is developed in the beam-to-box column joints. To quantify the critical eccentricity and the effectiveness of fracture prediction, this study uses fracture prediction models and finite element model (FEM) analysis to correlate the test results. In this study, two beam-to-box column connection subassembly tests are conducted with different loading protocols and ESW chamber shapes. To implement a fracture prediction model, the material parameters are established from circumferential notched tensile tests and FEM analysis. Test results indicate that the fracture instances can be predicted on the basis of the cumulative plastic deformation in the HAZs. Analytical results indicate that fracture instances and locations are sensitive to the relative locations of the ESW joints and beam flange. Tests also confirm that the possible fracture of the diaphragm-to-column flange joints can be mitigated by enlarging the chamber of the ESW joint.     

A model test system with a dynamic load device for geotechnical engineering in cold regions

A model test system with a dynamic load device for geotechnical engineering in cold regions is presented. This system consists of a model test tank, a refrigeration device and temperature controller, a dynamic load device, together with sensors and data loggers for detecting stress, deformation, and temperature changes. The system can accommodate soil blocks up to 3 m in length, 2.5 m in width, and 1 m in height. The lowest temperature provided by the refrigeration device is -20 °C. The maximum load provided by the dynamic load device is 100 kN and the vibration frequency of the dynamic load can range from 0.1 to 10 Hz. A number of waveforms, such as sine waves, rectangular waves, triangle waves, and other user-defined waves can be generated by the dynamic load device controller.     

L1范数与IQR统计量组合的GNSS坐标序列粗差探测算法

GNSS坐标时间序列中不可避免地含有粗差,未剔除的粗差将会导致参数估计有偏。因此,粗差探测与剔除是GNSS坐标序列分析中一项重要的数据预处理工作。针对GNSS坐标时间序列特点,提出了一种将L1范数(L1-norm)估计与四分位距统计量IQR(interquartile range)组合的移动开窗粗差探测算法,称之为L1_Mod IQR。该方法的主要思想是,首先利用L1范数估计得到较"真实"的残差,然后再对残差采用IQR统计量进行粗差探测。将L1_Mod IQR法与"3σ"法、基于最小二乘的τ检验法等粗差探测算法进行了模拟计算与对比,验证了该算法的有效性。进一步采用L1_Mod IQR算法对中国区域10个IGS站的高程时间序列进行了分析,结果表明中国区域IGS站高程序列的粗差剔除率最小为0.1%,最大为2.6%。并且以WUHN站为例与SOPAC提供的结果进行了对比,结果表明SOPAC提供的"Clean"数据仍含有大量的粗差,而L1_Mod IQR算法能够有效地剔除粗差。     

影响土的崩解特性因素初步研究

通过研究土的崩解特性进而指导工程施工,按《岩土工程勘察规范》对土的分类标准,对不同粒级分配的土样即砂土、黏粉、粉黏各选取两个代表性样品进行崩解特性试验,研究得出两点结论：（1）崩解过程开始时崩解速度较快,土样表面细小分散颗粒落入水中,此现象砂粉尤为明显,大量土体脱落,崩解速度极为快速。砂粉粒度程度较大,土的孔隙性和透水性较大,因此崩解速度较快,本次两个试样在近1h内完全崩解。黏粉试样含砂粉和粉黏,崩解速度处于砂粉及粉黏之间。而粉黏试样崩解时间较长,崩解过程较为缓慢,甚至几天都无法崩解;（2）崩解过程并不是一个规律的过程,跟土体的物理特性也有关系,且崩解过程中崩解方式不同,开始主要以粉末状和小碎块状为主,浸水时间较长后开始出现裂隙,随着裂隙的增大,期间伴随粉末状崩落,土体呈块状裂开,过程中不断有气泡逸出,水质浑浊。     

Comparison of ten notable meteorological drought indices on tracking the effect of drought on streamflow

ABSTRACT

Ten notable meteorological drought indices were compared on tracking the effect of drought on streamflow. A 730-month dataset of precipitation, temperature and evapotranspiration for 88 catchments in Oregon, USA, representing pristine conditions, was used to compute the drought indices. These indices were correlated with the monthly streamflow datasets of the minimum, maximum and mean discharge, and the discharge monthly fluctuation; it was revealed that the 3-month Z-score drought index (Z3) has the best association with the four streamflow variables. The Mann-Kendall trend detection test applied to the latter index time series mainly highlighted a downward trend in the autumn and winter drought magnitude (DM) and an upward trend in the spring and summer DM (p = 0.05). Finally, the Pettitt test indicated an abrupt decline in the annual and autumn DM, which began in 1984 and 1986, respectively.     

浆固碎石桩成桩注浆影响范围现场试验研究

浆固碎石桩作为一种新型桩基技术,不仅具有一般刚性桩的桩体置换作用,而且能改善桩周土的力学性质,从而可有效地提高复合地基的承载力及减小沉降变形。通过现场进行成桩前后的桩周土性质研究,验证了注浆对桩周土性质的改善作用,得出成桩时注浆影响范围及分布规律。针对黏性土中浆固碎石桩浆液挤密作用,按平面轴对称问题分析了塑性区边界条件及内部单元体的平衡条件,提出浆固碎石桩浆液影响范围的计算公式。理论公式计算结果与原位测试结果较为符合,从而验证了计算方法的合理性,这对浆固碎石桩的注浆加固具有一定的指导意义。     

软土地基承载力原位测试及其相关性研究

选用平板荷载试验、轻便动力触探试验、十字板剪切试验等三种测试手段,对潭邵公路软土地基承载力进行了研究。通过对测试数据进行统计分析,建立了N10与Cu的回归方程,且其相关系数均在0.9以上,表明二者具有很强的相关性。以Cu-fk关系为桥梁,推导出N10-fk的关系表达式,该公式同时考虑了埋置深度对承载力的影响。该研究为湖南地区同类地基土承载力的确定提供了一种新方法。     

6月份格陵兰海冰异常对黄河中上游7月份旱涝的影响

通过北极4个区的海水DQ%指数和全国160站7月份降水关系的诊断分析指出,6月份格陵兰海冰异常与黄河中上游7月份旱涝存在着明显的联系,6月份格陵兰海冰少(多)时,黄河中上游7月份易涝（旱）。产生这种联系的物理机制是6月份格陵兰海冰异常影响7月份欧亚大气环流,导致黄河中上游7月份降水产生异常。通过对相关场进行显著性检验,确认了6月份格陵兰海冰异常与黄河中上游7月份旱涝联系在统计上的可靠性。同时发现,有时随机数序列与气象要素场的相关场会达到很高的显著水平,而且这种相关场中的显著相关区的分布并不是杂乱无章的,而是成片分布的。这项工作指出了把对相关场的显著性检验与相关场成因的物理机制分析相结合的必要性。     

地下气体运移变化的物理化学机制研究

在河北省怀来县后郝窑地区，对地下气体运移变化的影响因素进行了野外模拟实验研究。选择３个试验点，对地下气体的扩散作用，物理化学影响因素及水压效应等进行了模拟实验，主要研究Ｈ２，ＣＯ２气体运移变化机制。实验研究表明，Ｈ２，ＣＯ２气体运移变化机制不尽相同，水压效应对Ｈ２，ＣＯ２等地下气体运移影响相当明显     

雾探测器现场对比试验方法研究

简单介绍了WT-1型雾探测器的结构和现场试验情况，对试验期间(2001年12月1日至2002年5月31日)所获取的数据进行了统计分析，计算了试验期间雾探测器数据的缺测率、与人工观测数据及芬兰同类产品的测量结果之间的相关系数，三者之间的相符率，以及数据随时间的变化趋势。以数据处理结果为依据，客观地阐述了雾探测器的优缺点，以及与目前世界上普遍认可的芬兰能见度仪之间的差距，同时也提出了雾探测器改进的一些建议。