细颗粒组分含量对钙质砂抗剪强度的影响

由于吹填过程的水力分选作用钙质砂土地基颗粒分布不均匀,容易形成分布不均、形态各异的以不同细粒含量的粉细砂层为主的细粒汇集层,引起钙质砂土地基承载力和不均匀沉降问题。开展不同细粒含量的粉细砂三轴固结排水剪切试验,分析细粒含量对钙质砂土力学特性的影响。研究结果表明,（1）当细粒含量增加时相同围压下土样剪胀性逐渐减弱,且峰值偏应力也逐渐减小;（2）各组试样干密度为1.40 g/cm3状态下各含量粉细砂均表现出应变软化特征,当细粒含量为10%时粉细砂土体强度稳定性最差,之后稳定性随细粒含量增加而逐渐增大;（3）钙质细砂由于颗粒咬合作用,具有表观黏聚力,当细粒含量小于40%时,随着细粒含量增加,颗粒之间的咬合作用显著降低,表观黏聚力线性减小。研究成果可为粉细砂层的地基处理及边坡稳定分析提供参考。     

木质素纤维红黏土强度及变形特性试验研究

利用工业废料改良土体性能不仅具有实用价值而且能够保护环境。采用室内土工试验及SEM试验,针对木质素纤维加筋红黏土的效果,以及木质素纤维掺量对红黏土强度及变形特性的影响规律和作用机理进行研究。试验结果表明:木质素红粘土压缩模量随着纤维掺量的增加先增加后减小,2%纤维掺量时,模量最高;不同木质素掺量红粘土的内摩擦角基本保持不变;红黏土黏聚力随木质素掺量的增加先减小后增大再减小。2%是纤维最优掺量,土体黏聚力出现最大值;在三轴实验中,加筋红黏土试样均发生鼓胀变形,没有明显的破裂面,具有典型的应变硬化特征。研究结果表明木质素纤维能一定程度提高红粘土的强度,提升红粘土的工程应用价值。      

河北宣化赵川地区矿渣碎屑流工程特性及其启动机制

张家口宣化地区存在大量具有潜在危险的松散矿渣堆积体,文章以该地区具有代表性的响水沟松散矿渣堆积体为研究对象,对矿渣的颗粒组成、矿物成分、力学性质等进行详细的室内试验研究,结果表明:矿渣堆积体属砾质砂土,粘粒含量少,且级配不良,松散易流动。同一干密度下,随含水率增加,矿渣抗剪强度先增大后减小,当含水率为15%时,其粘聚力最低,表明响水沟矿渣堆积体失稳启动下滑的界限含水率可能在15%左右。综合以上分析结果,拟合得到粘聚力与含水率关系公式,初步预测矿渣碎屑流启动下滑的临界含水率。这一认识对该区矿渣堆积体的稳定性评价及碎屑流灾害预警有重要意义。      

岩石直接剪切试验残余强度浅析

对岩石剪切残余强度进行了浅析,主要以唐山马城铁矿的岩石试验为依据,探讨了岩石剪切峰值强度和残余强度的关系,分析了岩石剪切残余强度的影响因素,为大家了解、利用岩石的剪切残余强度提供了参考意义。     

超声波振动下不同应力条件对岩石强度影响的试验

振动有助于碎岩,以往关于振动碎岩机理的研究大多在低频率段展开。为填补超高频率段下振动碎岩机理的空白,采用单轴动静组合加载模式,开展了超声波振动下不同应力条件对岩石强度影响的试验研究,其中超声波振动频率为20kHz,预压范围为100～500N。研究结果表明:当预压小于200N时,岩石内部应力状态无法满足强度准则,岩石强度下降不明显;当预压大于等于200N时,岩石强度随振动时间的增加而逐渐降低且存在最优预压力值(400N)使得岩石强度最低。缩短振动频率与岩石固有频率的差值有利于提高超声波振动碎岩效率。     

Development of partial factor design method on bending strength of piles for Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges

ABSTRACT

This paper describes the development of a partial factor design method on the bending strength of piles for the Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges. First, uncertainties in mobilised bending moments and yield bending moments were evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. Second, the reliability of piles designed by the previous specifications were evaluated on the basis of reliability analysis considering uncertainties in the mobilised bending moments, yield bending moments, and other factors. Finally, a partial factor design method utilising a survey subsurface investigation method and ground type was developed to reach target reliability levels determined by the Standards.     

海冰弯曲强度的研究

简要介绍了国内外海冰弯曲强度研究概况;给出了1990年冬作者在辽东湾西部的实验结果;并且讨论了海冰弯曲强度与应力率的关系。     

Mechanical properties of calcareous silts in a hydraulic fill island-reef

Abstract

The mechanical characteristics of calcareous silt interlayers play an important role in the stability of island-reef foundations. Direct shear and consolidation tests were performed to study the relationship between the mechanical properties and the physical parameters of calcareous silt. Based on the consolidation test results and analysis of the settling examples, different calculation methods for soil settling were compared. The results show the following. (1) The relationship between the cohesion and water content of calcareous silt can be represented by an M-shaped curve. The water contents corresponding to the two peaks of the M-type curve increase with increasing dry density. (2) When the dry density is less than 1.33?g/cm³, increasing the density significantly improves the internal friction angle of calcareous silts. When the dry density of the calcareous silt is greater than 1.33?g/cm³, the internal friction angle is affected by both the dry density and the water content. (3) The shear strength decreases when the water content exceeds the optimum level. (4) The compressive modulus of calcareous silt is larger than that of terrigenous silt. Specifically, it decreases with decreasing dry density and increasing water content. (5) The stepwise loading method should be used to estimate the soil settling before fill engineering construction.     

Undrained lower bound solutions for end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non-homogeneous and anisotropic clays

The undrained bearing capacity of shallow circular piles in non-homogeneous and anisotropic clay is investigated by the lower bound (LB) finite element limit analysis (FELA) under two-dimensional (2D) axisymmetric condition using second-order cone programming, and the new solution of the problem is presented. Modified from the isotropic von Mises yield criterion, a cross-anisotropic undrained strength criterion of clays under the axisymmetric state of stress requiring three input shear strengths in triaxial compression, direct simple shear, and triaxial extension is employed in the 2D axisymmetric LB FELA. Parametric studies on the effects of pile embedment ratio, dimensionless strength gradient, anisotropic strength ratio, and pile roughness are investigated extensively, while the predicted failure mechanisms associated with these parameters are discussed and compared. Numerical results of undrained end bearing capacity of shallow circular piles are summarized in the form of design tables that are useful for design practice and represent a new contribution to the field of pile capacity considering the combined effects of undrained strength non-homogeneity and anisotropy.     

滨海含水层胶体絮凝导致地层损害的实验研究

滨海含水层地层损害是指淡水驱替咸水过程中,释放后的黏土胶体发生絮凝沉降,导致地层孔隙被堵塞,引起含水介质的渗透性降低的现象。该文通过絮凝沉降实验和定流速砂柱实验,分析不同离子强度和阳离子价态(一价、二价)对胶体絮凝沉降的影响,结果表明:NaCl作为电解质时,絮凝发生的离子强度范围在0.032~0.034 mol/L之间,絮凝时间从82 min减少至39 min;而电解质为CaCl 2,离子强度为0.006 mol/L时,胶体的絮凝时间仅需6 min;钙钠比越高,黏粒絮凝发生的越快。砂柱实验结果显示,含水介质渗透性会随着电解质溶液的离子强度增加和阳离子价态的升高快速降低。当电解质为NaCl,离子强度分别为0.054 mol/L和0.017 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%所需时间分别为15 min和50 min;当电解质为CaCl2,离子强度为0.011 mol/L时,含水介质渗透性降低20%仅需5 min。因为高离子强度和高价阳离子可以加速胶体絮凝,多孔介质的孔吼更容易发生堵塞,研究成果对降低滨海含水层的地层损害有一定的实际应用价值。