Changes in Wind Speed and Extremes in Beijing during 1960--2008 Based on Homogenized Observations

Daily observations of wind speed at 12 stations in the Greater Beijing Area during 1960–2008 were homogenized using the Multiple Analysis of Series for Homogenization method. The linear trends in the regional mean annual and seasonal (winter, spring, summer and autumn) wind speed series were-0.26,-0.39,-0.30,-0.12 and-0.22 m s-1 (10 yr)-1 , respectively. Winter showed the greatest magnitude in declining wind speed, followed by spring, autumn and summer. The annual and seasonal frequencies of wind speed extremes (days) also decreased, more prominently for winter than for the other seasons. The declining trends in wind speed and extremes were formed mainly by some rapid declines during the 1970s and 1980s. The maximum declining trend in wind speed occurred at Chaoyang (CY), a station within the central business district (CBD) of Beijing with the highest level of urbanization. The declining trends were in general smaller in magnitude away from the city center, except for the winter case in which the maximum declining trend shifted northeastward to rural Miyun (MY). The influence of urbanization on the annual wind speed was estimated to be about-0.05 m s-1 (10 yr)-1 during 1960–2008, accounting for around one fifth of the regional mean declining trend. The annual and seasonal geostrophic wind speeds around Beijing, based on daily mean sea level pressure (MSLP) from the ERA-40 reanalysis dataset, also exhibited decreasing trends, coincident with the results from site observations. A comparative analysis of the MSLP fields between 1966–1975 and 1992–2001 suggested that the influences of both the winter and summer monsoons on Beijing were weaker in the more recent of the two decades. It is suggested that the bulk of wind in Beijing is influenced considerably by urbanization, while changes in strong winds or wind speed extremes are prone to large-scale climate change in the region.     

盛源盆地西部东川地区综合物化探测量成果及找矿前景分析

综合物化探测量成果显示,东川地区隐伏断裂构造上方或夹持区内,多测段210Po呈增高或异常的双峰、多峰形态,显示土壤层中形成有一定宽度的增高或异常分散晕,存在局部210Po富集,且与高阻-高极化或低阻-高极化的地电异常相对应。结合区内铀成矿地质条件和已知铀矿化地段210Po异常峰特征,综合分析测区内找铀矿前景,预测、划分了成矿有利地段。     

内陆河流域综合整治的生态恢复与重建技术

通过对我国西北内陆河流域的生态系统、水循环、水资源形成与消耗的特点,生态环境的变化以及水环境保护等问题分析,论述了开展内陆河流域综合治理的必要性和紧迫性。结合近期典型流域治理恢复成效,提出内陆河流域综合整治的第二步生态恢复目标。根据内陆河流域的治理实践,参照干旱区供水集水和保水技术,总结了改善下游绿洲水分生态平衡、控制中上游用水与保护河道水环境,防治河道水质盐化与农田排水再利用等生态恢复与重建的技术。最后,为了实现流域生态环境良性循环和水环境质量整体改善,提出了现阶段要加强水环境监测保护和生态补偿建设的任务。     

基于模糊综合评判的广州地下水特殊脆弱性评价

考虑地形因素、地层因素、水文地质因素和人类活动对地下水特殊脆弱性的影响,从中选取9个评价因子,通过模糊综合评判法,构造非线性隶属度,计算各个指标的隶属度函数,然后通过模糊矩阵以及结合G IS空间分析技术,对广州地下水特殊脆弱性进行评价。结果表明,广州地下水特殊脆弱性指数处于2.99~22.16之间,可划分为5个等级,总体上地下水容易受到污染,但存在明显的区域差异。脆弱性较高地区主要分布在广花盆地中部,该区域地下水开采量较大,土地利用变化较快,且地形坡度小,含水层富水性大,地下水埋深小;脆弱性中等地区主要分布在广州中部、南部以及西部的部分地区,其地下水位具有一定防污能力,但由于人类活动较为频繁,地下水较容易受到污染;脆弱性较低地区主要分布在广州东部及北部,其地下水埋深较大,含水层较厚,对污染物的隔污及净化能力强,人类活动对地下水影响小。针对不同地区的脆弱性特点,需要采取不同措施,以促进广州地下水资源的保护与可持续利用。     

初至时间反演静校正技术的发展趋势及实践效果

随着勘探区域近地表结构复杂程度地增加,以往那些在油气勘探中发挥了重要作用的单一静校正方法,越来越难以适应现今勘探对资料构造形态和成像品质的要求。因此通过尽可能多的表层资料信息,分层系、分阶段,有针对性地应用不同方法建立综合表层模型,是静校正技术发展的新趋势。经泉1井三维的实践证明,以表层资料解释及可视化模型时时关联互动为基础,从简单到复杂、逐级迭代相互约束的综合应用新技术,能有效反演并校正复杂构造区浅地表结构。不仅能提高地震资料成像的精度,改善构造形态,还能在一定程度上避免野外微测井采集数量的过度增加,减少勘探费用。     

天然地基综合质量评价方法探讨

地基是建筑物的根基。地基的选择或处理是否正确,直接影响到建筑物的安全性。如何正确选择合理的评价方法,对一个地区的地基综合质量进行评价,对该地区的规划、建设具有十分重要的指导意义。本文依托《天津市工程地质结构调查》项目,以天津市天然地基综合质量评价为例,探讨了综合指数法应用于地基综合质量评价的优缺点,对地基综合质量评价方...     

Impact of Urbanization and Industrialization upon Surface Water Quality:A Pilot Study of Panzhihua Mining Town

In order to investigate the impact of urbanization and industrialization on surface water quality,a pilot study of Panzhihua mining town was carried out.The urbanization of Panzhihua region was dominated by industry development and population growth.The level of urbanization showed that it was 18.44% in 1965,and reached 45.99% in 1983.Then,it reached 53.71% in 2005,so the urbanization process was very rapid in Panzhihua region.In the process of industrialization,the level of industrialization was fluctuated...     

甘肃舟曲2010年8月8日特大山洪泥石流灾害的基本特征及成因

2010年8月8日0时12分,甘肃省舟曲县城区及上游村庄遭受特大山洪泥石流灾害,造成1467人遇难和298人失踪。三眼峪、罗家峪2条山洪泥石流沟共冲出固体堆积物181×104m3。三眼峪山洪泥石流前锋从出山口到达县城的运动时间约为2.1min,罗家峪山洪泥石流前锋从出山口到达县城的运动时间约为4.3min。二者自出山口距离县城均约2km。舟曲特大山洪泥石流灾害的形成因素包括：该地历史上就是山洪泥石流灾害多发地,山高沟深具备强大冲击的重力势能条件,沟域崩塌滑坡堆积提供了物源,历史地震导致山体松动破碎,2010年以来区域持续干旱造成雨水更易渗入岩土体,8月7日的局地过程降水量远超过历史记载,山洪泥石流暴发的突然性、毁灭性,舟曲县城部分建筑占用了山洪泥石流进入白龙江的通道等。     

日照茶树种植区典型茶园的土壤肥力状况评价

通过野外采样和室内测定,以日照茶树种植区3个典型茶园为研究对象,每个茶园分别取鸠坑、黄山群体、福鼎大白各3个品种。最终取得9种茶样生长地的土样,研究分析土样的pH。有机质,全N,P,K,有效N,P,K等指标的土壤养分含量状况,并以此为评价指标,运用模糊综合评判法,对3个茶园的土壤肥力质量进行了综合评价。结果表明,茶园肥力综合水平为北垛春〉碧波山庄〉北叶青i茶园土壤总体上,pH值较适中,有机质含量很缺乏,全N含量偏低,全P含量中等,全K含量较高,有效N含量很缺乏,有效P含量非常丰富,有效K含量中等,并据此提出了关于该地区3个典型茶园今后合理施肥的一些建议。     

南四湖主要入湖河流水质评价

以2006-2008年的南四湖4条入湖河流水质监测数据为基础,以溶解氧、高锰酸盐指数、5日生化需氧量和氨氮作为监测项目,采用综合水质标识指数评价法对南四湖入湖河流进行水质评价.结果表明,除泗河监测断面水质为Ⅲ类水体外,其他都属于Ⅳ、Ⅴ类水体,污染较为严重.本研究可为南四湖主要入湖河流的污染治理提供一定的科学依据.