Kosa (yellow sand) components in precipitation collected at central Japan

In east Asia, acidic gases derived from fossil fuel combustion have increased in the pastdecades. On the other hand, the Asian dust, also called Kosa (yellow sand) is transported follow-ing windstorms from arid lands in the Asian continent. Many researchers have been interested inthe reaction between acidic aerosols and Kosa aerosols as well as the long-range transport ofthese emissions. To investigate the characteristics of chemical components in precipitation on along-term basis over Japan, precipitation was sequentially collected from April 1984 to March 1997at Kanazawa located near the coast of the Sea of Japan. Precipitation samples were collected at 1mm intervals for the first 5 mm rainfall and all volume of rainwater after 6 mm for all precipitationevents with an automatic wet only precipitation collector. According to the analyses of precipitationincluding Kosa aerosols during Kosa periods, the reaction in the air between Kosa and acidiccomponents during the long-range transport was discussed.     

Response to three‐component seismic motion of arbitrary direction

This paper presents a response spectrum analysis procedure for the calculation of the maximum structural response to three translational seismic components that may act at any inclination relative to the reference axes of the structure. The formula GCQC3, a generalization of the known CQC3‐rule, incorporates the correlation between the seismic components along the axes of the structure and the intensity disparities between them. Contrary to the CQC3‐rule where a principal seismic component must be vertical, in the GCQC3‐rule all components can have any direction. Besides, the GCQC3‐rule is applicable if we impose restrictions to the maximum inclination and/or intensity of a principal seismic component; in this case two components may be quasi‐horizontal and the third may be quasi‐vertical. This paper demonstrates that the critical responses of the structure, defined as the maximum and minimum responses considering all possible directions of incidence of one seismic component, are given by the square root of the maximum and minimum eigenvalues of the response matrix R , of order 3×3, defined in this paper; the elements of R are established on the basis of the modal responses used in the well‐known CQC‐rule. The critical responses to the three principal seismic components with arbitrary directions in space are easily calculated by combining the eigenvalues of R and the intensities of those components. The ratio r_max/r_SRSS between the maximum response and the SRSS response, the latter being the most unfavourable response to the principal seismic components acting along the axes of the structure, is bounded between 1 and √(3γ_a²/(γ_a² + γ_b² + γ_c²)), where γ_a?γ_b?γ_c are the relative intensities of the three seismic components with identical spectral shape. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

土壤气中He、Ar组分在金家地区油气化探中应用研究

对济阳凹陷南缘与鲁西隆起接合部开展了土壤气Ｈｅ、Ａｒ组分及Ａｒ同位素测定，结果表明Ｈｅ的丰度从５．１—６μＬ／Ｌ（Ｓ．Ｔ．Ｐ），δＨｅ值从－４％－１６％，平均２．５９％；４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ比值从２５５—３２５，δ（４０Ａｒ／３６Ａｒ）值从＋１１％－１１％，Ｈｅ异常主要分布在研究区北部，而Ａｒ等值图分布比较复杂。Ｈｅ、Ａｒ、烃三组分之间的组合关系表明有３个远景区，最有意义的是中深层远景区。此外，根据地质分析及Ａｒ同位素特征表明中深层异常远景区不仅是与已知的第三系油田有关，而且还与深部Ｃ—Ｐ煤系地层有关，故属煤成气异常。     

Generalized maximum-likelihood estimation of variance–covariance components with non-informative prior

 A new estimator of variance–covariance components is presented. The proposed estimator is derived by applying the principle of maximum-likelihood estimation to the posterior probability density function for the case when no prior information is available. Received: 9 August 1999 / Accepted: 10 November 2000     

THE CALCULATION AND ANALYSIS OF SLOPE NET RADIATION IN CHINA

By using the climatological calculating method for each component of slope surface net radiation proposedby the authors,calculations and analyses are done of the distribution features of slope net radiation in Chinawith emphasis on the discussion of variations of slope net radiation in typical stations and sites with slope direc-tion,slope,latitude and season.The distribution features of net radiation on the north and south slopes are,for the first time,mapped and discussed,revealing the great difference on the national basis,and thus acquiringa new interesting result that the negative-value area of winter net radiation on the north slope(20°)can reachYunnan and Guizhou Provinces and middle and upper reaches of the Changjiang River.     

论地体综合构造热演化-试以青藏为例

作者在论述地体绘合构造热演化研究的意义和论证构造演化和热演化之间存在着成因联系的基础上，结合青藏工作实际，系统地阐述了:(1)在构造热演化模型设计中必须遵循概全性与概略性相结合的原则;模型因子应是概全的，但模拟的方法则是简略的;(2)以构造演化为框架、以热演化为本构的研究方法。文中列出了包括放射性生热(Q_r，地体应变生热(Q_s)，断层摩擦生热(Q_f) .岩石圈底熔减薄增热(Q_b)等多元热源项在内的二维昨稳态热传导一平流方程，作为应用有限差分与有限单元相结合方法求解宏观地质区构造热演化课题的通用方程。     

Resin diterpenoids as tracers for biomass combustion aerosols

Diterpenoids present in atmospheric particles produced by slash burns were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This suite of compounds, originating in the resinous higher plants which were combusted, was comprised of reaction intermediates in the thermal transformation sequence of components such as abietic acid and dehydroabietin to retene. This sequence parallels the diagenetic alteration/decomposition processes noted in sedimentary records. Since global transport of combustion aerosols has been well documented, it is likely that the thermally-altered diterpenoids elucidated in this study can be deposited directly to sedimentary sinks.     

变形监测网的二类优化设计

本文讨论监测网值则阵的构成方法及监测网含准则降的二类设计求解问题。针对监测网具有监测方向性这一特点,通过旋转Q_x的第一主分量来构成监测网的准则阵。在比较几种二类设计计算法的基础上,提出了一种新的算法——逐次旋转法。利用这种算法能获得满意的优化方案。     

光强和营养盐对伪矮海链藻昼夜节律变化的影响 Ⅱ.碳水化合物、蛋白质及生化组成比

于1989年1月—1989年8月,用连续培养和半连续培养方法进行了伪矮海链藻碳水化合物、蛋白质和生化组成比率的日变化同光强、营养盐关系的研究。结果表明,碳水化合物、碳水化合物同叶绿素α和蛋白质的比值均呈现光照期升高而黑暗期降低的昼夜节律;蛋白质在光照期和黑暗期均有合成,但是,光照期的增长速率大于黑暗期的;蛋白质同叶绿素α的比值无明显的日变化。各指标的日变化幅度均随光强的增强和营养盐供应速率的增加而升高,因此,光和营养盐是影响各指标日变化的重要因素。     

熔融制片-X射线荧光光谱法测定磷矿石中主次量组分

采用四硼酸锂-偏硼酸锂混合熔剂熔融制备样片,用Axios型X射线荧光光谱仪测定磷矿石样品中五氧化二磷、氟、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、总三氧化二铁、氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钠、氧化钾、二氧化钛、氧化锰、氧化锶和硫等13种组分。重点试验了熔样比、熔样温度和标样制备。用基本参数法校正基体效应,分析方法的精密度(RSD,n=10)除二氧化钛、氟和硫分别小于10.8%、6.0%及10.2%外,其余各组分均小于4.5%。用磷矿石国家一级标准物质验证,结果与标准值相符。