Determination of thermal maturity and organic matter type by principal components analysis of the distributions of polycyclic aromatic compounds

The thermal maturity and organofacies sensitivity of polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) distributions was explored by examination of the aromatic fractions of solvent extracts from a diverse set of 53 shales, coals and kerogen macerals which have undergone either natural or artificial maturation and which represent all three principal sedimentary organic matter (OM) types. Systematic changes with maturation were observed in the following groups of isomers: tri- and tetramethylnaphthalenes, methyl- and dimethylphenanthrenes, methyl- and dimethyldibenzothiophenes, methylpyrenes, and methylchrysenes. The maturity differences were quantified by mathematical ratios of the relative concentrations of the more thermally stable isomers to the less stable, on the basis of theoretical considerations and empirical observations. The PAC maturity parameters, unlike those derived from saturated biomarker stereoisomers, are typically effective across the entire oil generation window. To compensate for the effects of OM type on the maturity parameters, they were combined using principal components analysis. The resulting first principal component was in good agreement with independent indicators of maturity. The relative distributions of C₀–C₃ alkylphenanthrenes, dibenzothiophene, methyldibenzothiophenes and methyldibenzofurans were evaluated by a separate principal components analysis. The results permitted an independent grouping of the samples by OM type and suggested additional, simple molecular ratios that allow graphical recognition of OM type, including the ratio of dibenzothiophenes to dibenzofurans and a ratio using C₂-alkylphenanthrene isomers.     

基于马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata)血细胞全长转录组数据补体样组分的鉴定与分析

补体系统作为先天免疫的重要组成部分,是一种复杂的限制性蛋白水解系统,其在免疫系统中发挥着重要的防御作用。为分析马氏珠母贝补体系统的组成及作用机制,使用血细胞样品进行了全长转录组测序建库、基因比对、功能注释,共挖掘到212个潜在补体样组分相关基因。补体样组分基因经同源性比对和结构域检测分析表明,检索到的基因分别编码89个含C1q结构域蛋白、57个C型凝集素蛋白、33个纤维胶凝蛋白、11个纤维蛋白原相关蛋白、8个甘露糖结合型凝集素关联丝氨酸蛋白酶、2个含硫酯蛋白(1个C3分子,1个TEP分子)、1个补体受体、2个补体因子、9个丝氨酸蛋白酶。随机选择12个补体相关基因,使用溶藻弧菌刺激前后的血细胞样品进行实时定量PCR检测其表达水平,结果显示C1q(C1q domain containing protein)、C-lectin、MBL(mannose-binding lectin)、ficolin、MASP(mannan-binding lectin serine protease)等基因均呈现出显著差异表达,表明马氏珠母贝补体系统是一个复杂的多组分效应系统,且可能通过凝集素途径或类似于凝集素途径激活补体系统的免疫作用。研究结果为进一步验证马氏珠母贝中存在的原始补体系统提供了分子生物学证据,同时对深入了解马氏珠母贝免疫防御机制,丰富和发展海洋无脊椎动物免疫学内容也具有重要理论意义。     

卫星遥感结合地面观测估算非均匀地表区域能量通量

卫星遥感在研究非均匀陆面上地－气间能量和水循环过程时有其独到的作用。文中介绍了一种利用ＬＡＮＤＳＡＴＴＭ资料进行非均匀陆面上区域能量平衡研究的参数化方案。并以夏季和深秋两个景的ＴＭ资料为个例,结合“黑河实验”（ＨＥＩＦＥ）期间的地面观测资料分析了实验区非均匀陆面上地表特征参数及能量平衡各分量的区域分布及季节差异,同时将所得的结果与地面观测的“真值”作了比较,所得的这些结果是基本可信的。这种方法仍然处于发展的初始阶段,对此也进行了讨论。     

赤魟软骨粗提物的血管生成抑制活性定量分析

以赤魟软骨为原料,对赤魟软骨中新生血管抑制组分的提取方法及其生物学活性进行了初步研究。采用盐酸胍抽提、冷冻离心、透析、冷冻干燥等方法,得到分子量为3~300 kDa的活性组分,活性鉴定采用改进的Robert法观察赤魟软骨提取物对鸡胚绒毛尿囊膜(CAM)血管生成的作用情况。赤魟软骨提取物活性给药组为质量分数为10%、1%、0.1%的甲基纤维素溶液,空白对照组为质量分数为10%的MC溶液,加样24 h后对各给药组样品给药部位进行形态学观察,并通过计算机图像分析软件原理编程进行血管数量统计。试验结果表明:赤魟软骨提取物具有抑制新生血管形成的作用,其活性与给药组质量分数成正比。且软骨血管生成抑制因子直接来源于动物组织,无明显毒副作用,在肿瘤治疗方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

Multivariate correlation analysis of suspended-sediment characteristics

Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to investigate interrelationships among various characteristics of seawater and suspended sediments obtained from surface waters of two Asian marginal seas. On the basis of multivariate correlation analysis for the two marginal seas combined, three important factors were extracted and interpreted: (1) current-energy conditions, (2) the influence of rivers, and (3) biochemical conditions of seawater. A relationship between anisotropic mineral grains and combustible organic matter is suggested by the fact that suspended sediment, containing coarser anisotropic mineral grains, also contains larger amounts of combustible organic matter.     

Using multivariate statistical analysis of groundwater major cation and trace element concentrations to evaluate groundwater flow in a regional aquifer

Groundwater samples were collected from 11 springs in Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge in southern Nevada and seven springs from Death Valley National Park in eastern California. Concentrations of the major cations (Ca, Mg, Na and K) and 45 trace elements were determined in these groundwater samples. The resultant data were subjected to evaluation via the multivariate statistical technique principal components analysis (PCA), to investigate the chemical relationships between the Ash Meadows and Death Valley spring waters, to evaluate whether the results of the PCA support those of previous hydrogeological and isotopic studies and to determine if PCA can be used to help delineate potential groundwater flow patterns based on the chemical compositions of groundwaters. The results of the PCA indicated that groundwaters from the regional Paleozoic carbonate aquifers (all of the Ash Meadows springs and four springs from the Furnace Creek region of Death Valley) exhibited strong statistical associations, whereas other Death Valley groundwaters were chemically different. The results of the PCA support earlier studies, where potentiometric head levels, δ¹⁸O and δD, geological relationships and rare earth element data were used to evaluate groundwater flow, which suggest groundwater flows from Ash Meadows to the Furnace Creek springs in Death Valley. The PCA suggests that Furnace Creek groundwaters are moderately concentrated Ash Meadows groundwater, reflecting longer aquifer residence times for the Furnace Creek groundwaters. Moreover, PCA indicates that groundwater may flow from springs in the region surrounding Scotty's Castle in Death Valley National Park, to a spring discharging on the valley floor. The study indicates that PCA may provide rapid and relatively cost‐effective methods to assess possible groundwater flow regimes in systems that have not been previously investigated. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

流体包裹体方法在油气源追踪对比中的应用——以四川盆地碳酸盐岩大型气田为例

本文运用流体包裹体方法，基于薄片观察和岩矿学研究，探讨了四川盆地碳酸盐岩大型气田的气源。首先对包裹体的生源属性、多期捕获和后生变化进行了精细的鉴别分析。在此基础上，通过成岩自生矿物微量元素、包裹体相组成、均一温度、初熔温度等参数鉴别多期演化的油气充注。通过烃类包裹体化学成分初步鉴别出煤成气和油型气。根据烃类包裹体的相组成鉴别有机质可能来源于腐泥型源岩还是腐殖型源岩。最后根据同期包裹体生物标志物确定某一期次的油气所对应的烃源层。结果表明研究成果符合地质实际，为传统的油气源追踪对比研究提供了一个重要有效的辅助方法。     

恐龙蛋化石物质组分研究

研究了ＸＬ ０１恐龙蛋化石蛋腔内壁和腔内絮状物质的无机组分。采用常规的双目实体显微镜、偏光显微镜及扫描电子显微镜、电子探针和Ｘ光衍射仪,对蛋腔内主要三种矿物物相的物理性质、化学组成及矿物晶体结构进行了研究。并对腔内的矿物形态、结构特点及有利于有机大分子ＤＮＡ保存的条件做了讨论     

珠江三角洲网河区水位变化趋势研究

根据珠江三角洲网河区29个验潮站的实测验潮记录,应用傅氏变换与最平滤波器串联的方法来消除月均序列的周期波动对确定水位变化趋势的影响,由低通序列一元线性回归分析确定各站水位的变化趋势;结果表明,周期波动对确定海平面变化趋势的影响是显著的.应用经验正交函数(EOF)对网河区的水位变化场进行分解,由相互独立的时间函数和空间特征函数表征网河区区域的水位变化特征;应用时间特征函数计算区域水位的平均变化率为0.02mm/a.根据验潮站的水位变化趋势,探讨网河区水位变化与河床冲淤的关系.     

吉林省药用赋形剂膨润土资源的优选研究

对吉林省九台，小梨河，净月潭和露水河等产地的膨润土进行了质量优选研究。根据膨润土类型，蒙脱石含量，理化性能和浸出试验结果，发现净月潭灰白色钙基膨润土的品质最优，其次最小梨河浅黄色膨润土。