El Nino的周期变化和空间特征——兼应用PC和CPC分析太平洋海温距平场

本文联合利用实主成分(以下简称PC)分析和复主成分(以下简称CPC)分析,探讨太平洋SST演变的时空特征.结果表明:这两种分析方法得到的第一个主成分都展示El Nino随时间周期性变化,在PC中表现为峰谷的变化,在CPC中表现为振幅和位相的变化;相应的荷载向量主要反映El Nino和La Nina事件时期空间分布特征,大振幅区域位于主要冷暖洋流活动中心.第一个复荷载向量可以认为在驻波上附加一个南北向传播的行波.第二个荷载向量为一驻波,第三个复荷载向量看上去像一个东西向传播的行波,后两个特征型各自强调不同El Nino和La Nina时期的空间特征.驻波峰、谷区域之间呈现反相关关系;这里虽然没有研究波群和群速度,但就行波而言,也初步看出能量传播的路径.与复荷载向量对应的实荷载向量仅显示驻波特征.     

A Study of Linke Turbidity Factor over Qena / Egypt

Data on instantaneous atmospheric Linke turbidity factor TL (m) are reported for clear days at Qena/Egypt in the period from June 1992 to May 1993.TL(m) is determined using the values of irradiance of direct solar radiation (I),which are calculated from global (G) and diffuse (D) - solar radiation measurements.Monthly and seasonally variations of both diurnal and daily average values of TL (m) increases steadily in the direction of sunset in the months from June to December 1992 as well as Summer and Autumn seasons,while it falls generally in this direction for the months from January to March and Winter season.In April and May,TL (m) fluctuates obviously through the day hours,it is also shown that the average values of TL(m) are particularly large during Summer months compared to other months of the year.This behavior of TL(m) is discussed in view of the variations of some weather elements,which affect the content of water vapor and dust particle in the atmosphere of the study region.It seems t be of s     

A source study of PM in Saxony by Size-Segregated Characterisation

Airborne particulate matter in Saxony (Germany) was investigated at three different sites (central urban, urban outskirts, rural) during a winter (1999/2000) and a summer (2000) campaign. PM was collected simultaneously at all three sites using five-stage Berner impactors. Besides size-segregated chemical particle characterisation and mass closure source apportionment of the particle components, especially of the carbonaceous fraction was an aim of the study. Source apportionment was performed exclusively on the basis of experimental data without support of models considering a set of basic assumptions and logical deductions. The derived simple equations permit to differentiate the carbonaceous fraction in traffic, domestic heating (winter) and biogenic (summer) contributions.The total carbon (TC) in the smallest particle size range (Dp_aer = 0.05-0.14μm) at the urban site, contributing 88% to the mass in that class, was completely attributed to traffic emissions. For the particle size range Dp_aer = 0.42-1.2 μm (50-60% of the total mass) TC was attributed to traffic (67%) and domestic heating (33%) in winter and to traffic (82%) and biogenic origin (18%) in summer.Size-segregated determination of alkanes revealed that these compounds were mainly of biogenic origin in summer and of anthropogenic origin in winter considering the carbon preference index (CPI_odd). Particulate PAHs found in winter samples originated mainly from domestic heating and not from traffic emissions.The method described cannot provide complete results, but the demonstrated source apportionment can be helpful to assess a given situation with regard to possible steps against the exceeding of the EU limit of the PM₁₀ mass concentration of 50 μg m⁻³.     

播期对不同类型水稻生长及产量构成因素的影响

通过分期播种,研究了不同播期对水稻生长和产量的影响.通过测定不同播期水稻抽穗期和成熟期的叶绿素、可溶性糖和氮的质量分数,分析不同播期对水稻生长的影响.结果表明Ⅰ期为两优培九和6两优9386最适宜播期,Ⅱ期为Ⅱ优084最适宜播期.播期对水稻单株穗数、每穗粒数、结实率、千粒重均有影响,尤其是对两优培九的结实率、6两优9386的每穗粒数有显著影响.研究结果可为合理利用南方气候资源、合理安排播栽播期、提高水稻产量提供理论依据和技术指导.     

正斜压模演变所揭示的武汉暴雨过程

对1998年7月21—22日发生在武汉附近的大暴雨过程的大气正、斜压分量演变过程进行了研究，结果表明：大气流场正压分量的演变与此次大暴雨的酝酿、发展和消亡具有内在的联系；正压分量在暴雨区的演变在一定程度上反映高、低空急流耦合形势；正、斜压平均相对模的演变与暴雨生命史相吻合。     

Benefits of the combined use of stochastic multi-criteria evaluation with principal components analysis

Multi-criteria analysis techniques are well known decision support methods and are widely applied in various disciplines. However, defining the input criteria values for the basic decision matrix which contains all criteria values for every alternative considered is normally not an easy task. Especially qualitative criteria variables which are frequently represented as linguistic terms may be hard to quantify. Moreover, some criteria cannot be represented by just one crisp value, but they may offer a range of possible values. Stochastic multi-criteria approaches which call for distribution models instead of single numerical values can be used in these cases. Outranking multi-criteria methods proved that simulation based stochastic techniques are well suited to give better insight into the preference structure of a variety of decision alternatives. However, besides the knowledge of the preference structure, it is also important to find out about the similarity of decision alternatives which allows a modeller to categorize a decision alternative as a really unique option or as just one option out of a greater subset of very similar alternatives. To be able to perform this categorization, principal components analysis (PCA) was used. The results of the PCA are compared to the results of a stochastic outranking analysis.     

Experimental and analytical studies on the response of freestanding laboratory equipment to earthquake shaking

This paper presents results of a comprehensive experimental program on the seismic response of full‐scale freestanding laboratory equipment. First, quasi‐static experiments are conducted to examine the mechanical behavior of the contact interface between the laboratory equipment and floors. Based on the experimental results, the response analysis that follows adopts two idealized contact friction models: the elastoplastic model and the classical Coulomb friction model. Subsequently, the paper presents shake table test results of full‐scale freestanding equipment subjected to ground and floor motions of hazard levels with corresponding displacements that can be accommodated by the shake table at the UC Berkeley Earthquake Engineering Research Center. For the equipment tested, although some rocking is observed, sliding is the predominant mode of response, with sliding displacements reaching up to 60 cm. Numerical simulations with the proposed models are performed. Finally, the paper identifies a physically motivated intensity measure and the associated engineering demand parameter with the help of dimensional analysis and presents ready‐to‐use fragility curves. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

海产催乳功能食品的研究

报导海产催乳食疗方＂母婴乐＂的研究结果。分析表明,选用的海产食物营养丰富,技术上主要解决汤料产品中海产成分的快速复水及粉糊产品的膨化工艺。临床验证表明,＂母婴乐＂的催乳有效率达８６．７％,并可有效地改善产妇的乳汁分泌质量。＂母婴乐＂具有营养与催乳双重功能,且食用方便,是缺乳、少乳产妇的理想功能食品。     

基于MapObjects组件的海岸带地理信息系统开发最佳技术

本文采用组件式 GIS软件 Map Objects2 .1和编程工具 Visual Basic6 .0对海岸带地理信息系统的开发思路、对象类型、系统结构和主要功能等做出讨论 ,并对海岸带地区的矢量与栅格数据在 Map Objects2 .1中的配准以及编程方法等进行分析。结果表明 ,Map Objects2 .1由于其灵活、高效、独立性强、兼容性强等特点可以有效管理海岸带数据 ,为海岸带管理提供有力的支撑     

青岛唐岛湾潮间带沉积物粒度及水动力

唐岛湾为半封闭狭长型海湾,水动力条件复杂。对湾内潮间带沉积物进行定点定时取样,并进行粒度测试。分析表明:沉积物以砂和粉砂质砂为主,分选较差,偏度正偏,呈宽峰态;概率累积曲线以两跳一悬式为主。利用粒级-标准偏差曲线研究现代沉积,沉积物中粒径369.1 μm的粒级组分则分别代表波浪和强水动力如风暴浪等的作用;且通过对各粒径组分的分析认为,粒径<158.6 μm的组分中潮汐作用的月周期性最为明显。在狭长型海湾中,潮流水动力强度可能并不大。最后结合相关资料,对唐岛湾内潮坪沉积、潮沟变化及沉积物冲淤变化进行了分析,以期对半封闭狭长型海湾潮间带沉积水动力研究及实施海岸带保护提供基础资料。