俄罗斯阿尔丹地块西部穆龙斯克杂岩体中的碱性交代岩

含紫硅碱钙石、镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）及蓝色软透闪石的碱性交代岩的形成首先是由硅酸和碱（Ｎａ２Ｏ和Ｋ２Ｏ的不同作用）的隋性及ＦｅＯ,ＭｇＯ,ＣａＯ和Ａｌ２Ｏ３的强烈活性决定的。含蓝色软透闪石和镁钠钙闪石（钠透闪石－石棉）的交代岩是岩浆期后溶解演化的中期产物,而含紫硅碱钙石的交代岩却是其晚期的产物。     

气候变化对河西内陆干旱区出山径流的影响

根据祁连山区与河西走廊平原区有关水文气象台站的降水、气温和径流观测资料，分析了该区域近50a来气候变化的特征及其与全球气候变暖的关系。出山径流对气候变化的响应以及未来的变化趋势，结果表明，河西内陆干旱区的山区和走廊平原区近几十年来气温变化总的呈上升趋势，与全球增温存在着某种种度的一致性。但山区气温的变化幅度一般大于走廊平原区，其中祁连山中段温度升幅为最大。全球增温对河西内陆干旱区气候与出山径流的影响有着明显的地域性差异，受此影响影响，河西祁连山东部地区出山径流呈明显的下降趋势，中部地区出山径流的增加趋势不是十分明显，西部出山径流在山区降水量与气温同时上升的情况下，呈明显的上升趋势。     

无固相冲洗液在变质岩系复杂地层绳索取心钻进中的应用

辽宁省北镇市杜屯地区超大型石墨矿处于变质岩系中,在勘查过程中分析了该区变质岩系复杂地层的成因及特点,采用了绳索取心与无固相冲洗液钻进工艺,并分析了冲洗液对石墨岩矿层稳定性的影响,对冲洗液体系进行了优化,分析了冲洗液的护壁作用机理。同时对钻进过程中的技术应对措施进行了优化,解决了绳索取心钻进过程中钻杆结泥皮及技术套管的使用等问题,顺利地完成了矿床的勘探工作,取得了良好的技术经济成果。     

黄河源区冻土对植被的影响

黄河源区由于近年来气候变化的影响,打破了高寒植被与冻土环境之间稳定的适应性关系,由此引发了一系列生态环境退化的现象.在黄河源区多年野外工作的基础上,定量分析了冻土与植被之间的关系.研究表明:多年冻土埋深通过影响浅层土壤含水量影响植被生长的,多年冻土的埋深与浅层土壤含水率和植被的覆盖率具有良好的相关性规律.冻土埋深<2 m时,冻土埋深决定浅层土壤含水率,成为影响植被的生长主要因素;埋深>2 m时,冻结层上水水位低、补给量少,冻结层上水水量小,毛细上升高度不能达到植被根系分布的浅层土壤中,植被生长环境干旱化,多数植被生长受限制,这时只有少量根系发达的耐旱植被存活,覆盖率小,一般不超过35%.因此,2 m的多年冻土埋深为“生态冻土埋深”.近20 a来,黄河源区地温长期处于增温状态,多年冻土出现表层融化,形成深埋的或少冰的冻土等现象;部分地带完全融化消失,连续多年冻土变成不连续冻土或岛状冻土.多年冻土退化后,土壤含水量减少,导致植被物种更替、“黑土滩”等退化现象.     

平邑县山丘区果树微灌模式初探

针对平邑县山丘区果园干旱缺水的状况，因地制宜建设不同模式的微灌工程。阐述了各类微灌模式的适用条件，对微灌工程的效益进行了初步分析。     

不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程与稳定性研究

滑坡的类型一般可分为牵引式滑坡、推移式滑坡和复合式滑坡,根据其滑面的发展形态,依次表现为前进式渐进破坏模式、后退式渐进破坏模式和复合式渐进破坏模式。基于岩土体应变软化特性,揭示了滑坡渐进破坏过程的本质是滑带力学参数弱化的过程,初步探讨了3种类型滑坡渐进破坏过程的远动特点和力学特征和滑坡渐进演化过程。以不平衡推力法和3种类型滑坡的演化特征为基础,提出3种类型滑坡渐进破坏过程中临界状态条块确定方法,通过建立滑坡渐进破坏稳定性计算模型和计算公式,提出滑坡随着渐进演化过程的滑带参数取值方法,并阐述了渐进破坏过程的稳定性计算实现过程,实现不同类型滑坡渐进破坏过程的稳定性分析。以3个典型滑坡为例,分析得出滑坡渐进破坏过程中牵引式滑坡和复合式滑坡稳定性降低速率由大到小再到大和推移式滑坡稳定性降低速率由小到大的过程,3种类型滑坡在渐进破坏过程中不同部位对稳定性的贡献不同,验证了不同类型滑坡的变形规律。研究结论可对不同类型滑坡的稳定性发展进行初步预测和为滑坡治理提供指导意义。     

辽北开原岩群蛇绿混杂岩的特征

岩石化学、地球化学资料表明,中晚元古代开原岩群蛇绿混杂岩由蛇绿岩和岛弧拉斑玄武岩、钙碱玄武岩（斜长角闪岩、角闪石岩）、钙碱性基性—中性火山岩（变粒岩）、陆缘碎屑岩（浅粒岩）组成。蛇绿岩由绿泥滑石片岩（橄榄岩）、角闪岩类岩石（大洋拉斑玄武岩）、石英岩（远洋深海硅质岩）组成。与内蒙古温都尔庙群蛇绿岩,吉林色洛河群同时位于古华北陆块北缘,为陆缘活动带向古华北陆块俯冲形成。这表明古华北陆块北缘造山带在中晚元古代即已出现。     

Research Advance of Shrub Dendrochronology in the Cold and Arid Regions of China

Along with the booming of dendrochronology in China, the woody species for the tree-ring study have expanded gradually from tree species to the shrub and dwarf shrub species in the last decades. The zonal woody species in the vast alpine mountains, arid desert areas and arid regions in China are mostly shrubs and semi-shrubs, which is very important to understand the process of regional evolution, environmental protection and ecological recovery. In this paper, the shrub species which have been studied on tree rings in cold and arid areas of China were collected and sorted, and the fundamental research advances were presented, which include the shrub tree ring identification, radial growth characteristics, and chronology construction by different parameters. The applications of shrub dendrochronology to the subjects in eco-response, paleoclimate reconstruction, hydrological process, ecological study of artificial forest and ecological restoration were also presented. The prospect of shrub dendrochronology in the future was also discussed.     

基于二级近似离散复镜像法的低频电磁格林函数计算

本文讨论了利用二级近似离散复镜像法实现低频格林函数快速、精确的计算.通过数值分析,给出了在低频电磁场计算中该方法近似参数的选取原则.(1)二级近似的积分区间里谱格林函数采样个数N为十倍的近似多项式的个数M;(2)总的积分区间L2大小约为40/r,r为收发距离;(3)两个积分区间的分界值L1为总的积分区间大小L2与第二个积分区间采样数N1的比值的Q倍;(4)Q的最优值根据谱格林函数拟合相对误差随Q值变化的近似误差曲线与横轴的交点来确定.将该参数选取原则应用到有限长双极源电磁场计算中,计算得到的视电阻率和直接积分结果吻合,且具有更高的精度,表明本文提出的计算方案是可行的.     

Diverse tectonic settings of formation of the metaigneous rocks in the Jurassic metamorphic accretionary complexes (Refahiye,NE Turkey) and their geodynamic implications

Two isolated metamorphic accretionary complexes of Jurassic age, the Refahiye and Kurtlutepe metamorphic rocks, crop out as tectonic slices within the coeval suprasubduction-zone ophiolite at the southern margin of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey), close to the ?zmir-Ankara-Erzincan suture. The Refahiye metamorphic rocks are made up of greenschist, marble, serpentinite, phyllite and minor garnet amphibolite, garnet micaschist and metachert. The whole unit was metamorphosed under garnet-amphibolite-facies conditions and strongly retrogressed during exhumation. The Kurtlutepe metamorphic rocks consist of subgreenschist-facies metavolcanics, metavolcaniclastics, marble, calc-phyllite, and minor serpentinite and metachert. Metabasites in the Refahiye metamorphic rocks are represented by four distinct geochemical affinities: (i) cumulate “flavor,” (ii) alkaline oceanic island basalt (OIB), (iii) enriched mid-ocean ridge basalt (E-MORB) and (iv) tholeiitic island arc basalt (IAB). On the other hand, the Kurtlutepe metavolcanic rocks display only tholeiitic to calc-alkaline island arc geochemical affinities. The metabasic rocks with OIB affinities were interpreted as parts of the accreted oceanic islands, and those with E-MORB affinities as parts of accreted ridge segments close to oceanic islands and/or plume-distal mid-ocean ridges with a mantle previously metasomatized by plume components. The metabasic rocks with IAB affinities might have been derived from the overlying suprasubduction ophiolite and/or arc domain by a number of tectonic or sedimentary processes including tectonic slicing of accretionary complex and overlying fore-arc ophiolite, juxtaposition of the magmatic arc with subduction zone by strike slip faults, submarine gravity sliding and debris flows or subduction erosion. However, totally recrystallized nature of the metabasic rocks together with field relations does not allow any inference on the processes involved. The Kurtlutepe metavolcanic rocks might represent collided and accreted oceanic island arc with the subduction zone. Attempted subduction of an intraoceanic island arc may also explain the magmatic lull during Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous in the Eastern Pontides.