煤炭采空区处理的新方法与实例分析

位于乌鲁木齐市南湖路以西的煤炭采空区面积达67 100.5m^2,区内构造从南到北主要由八道湾向斜和七道湾背斜组成,地层产状变化不大。该矿区开采较深,且采空区塌陷区有明显的地下水活动迹象。在对深孔大体积采空区注浆时,比较各种常见注浆治理方法,均存在不同的制约因素,故决定采用灌浆爆破压密法对采空区进行压实加固。经现场爆破试验,该区重复爆破次数在3～5次左右。灌浆爆破压密处理后,对不同土层进行取样对比分析,得到其相应密度（增加）及空隙比（减少）的变化分别为：杂填土14.1%,-7.9%;素填土5.9%,-3.3%;塌落煤层7.8%,-7.7%。根据压缩数据及现场测量,处理后的土体沉降2～4m,部分空体地段的沉降量达10～20m,治理效果明显。     

土地利用生态服务价值与经济发展的协调及空间分异——以西洞庭湖区为例

土地利用生态服务价值体现了土地通过集约利用与空间优化所发挥生态效益的大小,可在一定程度上反映土地利用与与经济发展的协调关系。以西洞庭湖区为研究对象,在ArcGIS软件支持下,通过评价与分析生态服务价值变化,分析生态经济协调发展水平及其空间差异,探讨土地利用生态服务价值与区域经济发展的互动响应与耦合协调关系。研究表明：① 2000年以来西洞庭湖区土地利用生态服务价值呈下降趋势,2000年西洞庭湖区生态服务价值为1292.13×10⁶元·a^-1,2011年为953.03×10⁶元·a^-1,损失339.10×10⁶元。② 从整个研究区来看,整个研究阶段处于低度冲突的县有6个,分别为常德市辖区、安乡县、汉寿县、澧县、临澧县、津市市,只有桃源县处于潜在危机状态。从数量上看,整个区域内大多为冲突状态,区域在经济发展中存在的潜在危机较大。③ 从空间分异来看,2008年与2011年土地利用生态经济协调度基本上为低度冲突状态,需采取生态服务供给恢复与重建措施,控制生态服务消费需求的过快增长。整个区域只有桃源县与汉寿县由不协调转换为协调状态,主要原因是森林覆盖率相对较高,林地类型面积大,水土保持与水源涵养生态服务功能较强,提高了生态服务价值。     

几种大型海藻对赤潮异弯藻生长抑制效应的初步研究

利用共存培养系统研究了大型海藻缘管浒苔、刚毛藻、石花菜、鸭毛藻、扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、海黍子、脆江蓠对赤潮异弯藻(Heterosigma akashiwo)生长的抑制效应并和孔石莼的作用进行比较。实验指出：孔石莼和缘管浒苔对赤潮异弯藻的抑制效应最强,石花菜次之;扇形拟伊藻、蜈蚣藻、刚毛藻、脆江蓠、海黍子虽表现出抑制作用但较差;鸭毛藻的抑制效应最弱。     

气候变化对黄河上游天然径流量影响分析

根据黄河上游兰州以上地区1959-2002年历年逐月气温、降水量资料,统计分析了近44年区域气候变化的基本特点,同时通过对各站气温、降水量与兰州站年天然径流量相关系数的计算,选取代表站及典型时段,建立天然径流量计算公式,并计算分析了天然径流量对气候变化的敏感性及气候变化对径流的影响程度。结果表明：(1)年径流量随降水的递增而加大,随气温的升高而减小;(2)径流量对降水变化的响应较其对气温变化的响应更显著;(3)20世纪90年代以来,气候变化对天然年径流量的影响较显著,其影响幅度达13．2％。     

近百余年上海气温变化的若干特征

本文根据1873—1990年上海的年、冬、夏平均气温资料,并利用1956—1990年其郊区气温资料,对城市热岛效应对气温的影响作了处理,重建了近118a的上海气温序列。在此基础上对上海的气温变化特征进行分析,并与同期的北半球气温变化作了比较。结果表明,上海的气温变化有其明显的阶段性、跃变性和周期性。近百余年上海气温变化的总体特征与北半球相似,呈缓慢变暖趋势,但具体的变化过程和幅度有差别,尤其近20多年来的变化与北半球不一致,没有明显的增温现象。     

Changes in the spatial scale of Beijing UHI and urban development

The seasonal and interannual variations of Beijing urban heat island (UHI) are investigated in this paper using the temperature data from 1960 to 2000 at 20 meteorological stations in the Beijing region, and then the relationship between the intensity and spatial scale of UHI and Beijing urbanization indices is analyzed and discussed. Main conclusions are the followings. First, Beijing UHI shows obvious seasonal variations, and it is strongest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer. The seasonal variation of the UHI mainly occurs in the urban area. The UHI intensity at the center of Beijing is more than 0.8℃ in winter, and only 0.5℃ in summer. Second, the intensity of Beijing HUI exhibits a clear interannual warming trend with its mean growth rate (MGR) being 0.3088℃/10 a. The MGR of HUI is largest in winter, next in spring and autumn, and least in summer, and the urban temperature increase makes a major contribution to the growth of HUI intensity. Third, since the Reform and Opening, the urbanization indices have grown several ten times or even one hundred times, the intensity of HUI has increased dramatically, and its spatial scale also expanded distinctively along with the expansion of urban architectural complexes. Fourth, the interannual variation of urbanization indices is very similar with that of HUI intensity, and their linear correlation coefficients are significant at a more than 0.001 confidence level.     

二维梯形沉积盆地放大效应的数值模拟研究

盆地效应作为场地效应的一种特殊类型,其对地震动的影响仍在持续研究当中.建立二维梯形沉积盆地模型,模型边界采用透射人工边界,利用显式有限元法作为求解方法.根据Bucking-ham提出的π定理定义了多个影响盆地效应的无量纲参数,包括盆地深宽比、介质波速比、盆地深度与入射波长之比、盆地开口宽度与入射波长之比.以Ricker...     

黄土区人类活动影响下的 产汇流模拟研究

日益频繁的人类活动改变了流域下垫面条件,对流域产汇流产生很大的影响。本文以黄河中游典型支流岔巴沟为研究区域,提出利用基于DEM的分布式水文模拟技术,探讨流域人类活动过程中的产汇流模拟,避免了经验公式的概化和由此引起的局限。模拟的结果证实了该方法的可行性。采用网格滞蓄的方法可以在子网格上体现人类活动引起的下垫面的变化及其对产汇流的影响,反映各个时期的产汇流条件,对降雨做出合理响应。     

A dense array experiment for the observation of waveform perturbations

We analyze observed three-component seismograms recorded by a dense array of 21 short-period receivers (f>2 Hz) installed on a homogeneous Quaternary plain with 1.5×3.5 km² horizontal dimensions. The experiment was conducted in the district of Caille, in SE France for 3 months. The observed waveform data are related to diffraction and refraction of the direct wavefield by different geological structures and topographic morphologies surrounding the array. The origin of the coda energy following the energetic Pg or Sg arrivals is either influenced by heterogeneities close to and inside of the valley, for instance thrust of Jurassic limestones over Cretaceous marls in the northern and southern limits of the valley, or by heterogeneities located outside of the valley such as the interface unconformity between crystalline basement and sedimentary cover in the northern border of the Maures–Tanneron ranges. The main energetic arrivals of the seismograms arrive at the array with a definite range of azimuths that is not correlated with the event back-azimuth. Moreover, these arrivals do not appear with azimuths related to the characteristic NS and EW valley orientations, and thus may be related to heterogeneities located outside of the valley.     

华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地优化初探

首先分析了华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地布测现状及监测效能,继而依据跨断层流动形变测量规范及监测的可控性、均匀性、目的性以及监测场地监测效能等,结合该区域断裂活动及地震活动性研究结果,给出华北地区跨断层流动形变监测场地拟优化布设结果。该优化布设结果消除了华北地区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动盲区,有助于提高该区跨断层流动形变网监测地震活动能力。