Reverse time migration with Gaussian beams using optimized ray tracing systems in transversely isotropic media

Prestack depth migration is a key technology for imaging complex reservoirs in media with strong lateral velocity variations. Prestack migrations are broadly separated into ray-based and wave-equation-based methods. Because of its efficiency and flexibility, ray-based Kirchhoff migration is popular in the industry. However, it has difficulties in dealing with the multi-arrivals, caustics and shadow zones. On the other hand, wave-equation-based methods produce images superior to that of the ray-based methods, but they are expensive numerically, especially methods based on two-way propagators in imaging large regions. Therefore, reverse time migration algorithms with Gaussian beams have recently been proposed to reduce the cost, as they combine the high computational efficiency of Gaussian beam migration and the high accuracy of reverse time migration. However, this method was based on the assumption that the subsurface is isotropic. As the acquired azimuth and maximum offsets increase, taking into account the influence of anisotropy on seismic migration is becoming more and more crucial. Using anisotropic ray tracing systems in terms of phase velocity, we proposed an anisotropic reverse time migration using the Gaussian beams method. We consider the influence of anisotropy on the propagation direction and calculate the amplitude of Gaussian beams with optimized correlation coefficients in dynamic ray tracing, which simplifies the calculations and improves the applicability of the proposed method. Numerical tests on anisotropic models demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed method, which can be used to image complex structures in the presence of anisotropy in the overburden.     

中国与基性—超基性岩有关的Cu－Ni（Pt）矿床成矿系列类型

中国与基性—超基性岩有关的Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ（Ｐｔ）矿床，主要形成于以前寒武系为基底的大陆裂谷，部分形成于增生褶皱带中显生宙地层为基底的裂陷槽环境。根据形成时代、当时所在的构造环境单元及成矿岩浆系列，划分为９个矿床成矿系列和８个矿床成矿亚系列。成矿时代以元古代、晚古生代为主。现今，矿床主要分布于地台边缘，造山带中也有产出，但不代表其当时形成的地质背景。成矿物质来源为上地幔，原始岩浆以上地幔部分熔融的高ＭｇＯ拉斑玄武岩（拉斑橄榄玄武岩）岩浆系列为特征，也有钙碱性岩浆（喀拉通克）和科马提岩岩浆系列（桂北）。地壳物质混染比较普遍。矿床成因类型主要为岩浆熔离型，且以硅酸盐岩浆上侵前的深部熔离作用为主。还有热液成因类型（煎茶岭）。矿床成矿系列的时空分布与中国大陆的构造演化密切相关     

Study on fine structure of crust-mantle transition zone in Yanqing-Hailai basin based on CDP and DSS data

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基于多重互相关函数分析剪切波速

介绍了一种提高单孔法剪切波速测量精度的新方法-多重互相关函数法。考虑到判断场地剪切波到时差的困难,提出了用多重互相关函数来求得两剪切波的到时差。互相关分析可求取两相似信号的到时差,但当两信号相似性比较差时,所求得到时差的误差较大;自相关函数本身可进行多重自相关分析,互相关函数结合多重自相关函数后,也可以进行多重互相关分析来求取两相似信号的到时差。试验表明：相比互相关函数,多重互相关函数可改善触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的相似性及更好地抑制噪声,因此能更精确地计算出触发信号和井中三分向探头输出信号的的到时差。基于此原理设计了剪切波波速的测试系统,此系统能自动分析出测点的剪切波速和形成完整的报告。     

Geoeffective Analysis of CMEs Under Current Sheet Magnetic Coordinates

Using 100 CME–ICME events during 1997.01–2002.11, based on the eruptive source locations of CMEs and solar magnetic field observations at the photosphere, a current sheet magnetic coordinate (CMC) system is established in order to statistically study the characteristics of the CME–ICME events and the corresponding geomagnetic storm intensity. The transit times of CMEs from the Sun to the Earth are also investigated, by taking into account of the angle between the CME eruption normal (defined as the vector from the Sun center to the CME eruption source) and the Sun-Earth line. Our preliminary conclusions are: 1. The distribution of the CME sources in our CMC system is obviously different from that in the ordinary heliographic coordinate system. The sources of CMEs are mainly centralized near the heliospheric current sheet (HCS), and the number of events decreases with the increment of the angular distance from the CME source to the HCS on the solar surface; 2. A large portion of the total events belong to the same–side events (referring to the CME source located on the same side of the HCS as the Earth), while only a small portion belong to the opposite–side events (the CME source located on the opposite side of the HCS as the Earth). 3. The intense geomagnetic storms are usually induced by the same–side events, while the opposite side events are commonly associated with relatively weak geomagnetic storms; 4. The angle between the CME normal and the Sun–Earth line is used to estimate the transit time of the CME in order to reflect the influence of propagation characteristic of the CME along the Sun–Earth direction. With our new prediction method in context of the CMC coordinate, the averaged absolute error for these 100 events is 10.33 hours and the resulting relative error is not larger than 30% for 91% of all the events.     

探地雷达衰减补偿逆时偏移成像方法

探地雷达信号在地下介质中传播时易受到电导率所产生的衰减影响,从而使得传统偏移成像结果在高衰减区域变得模糊.本文提出了衰减补偿的逆时偏移方法来消除电导率的影响.该方法基于麦克斯韦方程组实现电磁波的正演模拟和逆时传播.通过改变衰减项的正负号,保证了逆时传播的时间对称性,从而能够重构出原始波场,实现衰减补偿.数值实验比较了传统逆时偏移方法和衰减补偿逆时偏移方法在存在高导异常区域情况下的成像效果,结果证明了衰减补偿逆时偏移方法能够很好地恢复由电导率造成的信号衰减,从而提高探地雷达剖面的分辨率.     

2003年云南大姚6.2级、6.1级地震序列S波分裂研究c

在利用双差定位法对2003年7月21日、 10月16日云南大姚先后发生的6.2级、6.1级地震序列进行精定位的基础上，采用互相关系数法测量了两个地震序列的快波偏振方向和快慢波的延迟时间. 结果表明:① 两个地震序列的S波分裂现象较明显，除三台乡台以外，大部分台站记录到的地震快波平均偏振方向与区域最大水平主压应力方向基本一致，三台乡台的偏振方向出现两个峰值，平均偏振方向是N80deg;E，表现出与区域最大水平主压应力方向不一致的现象；② 序列延迟时间与震源深度之间没有明显规律性关系，但不同延迟时间范围内偏振方向表现出不同的规律；③ 两次地震序列S波分裂结果对比发现，6.2级地震序列快波的偏振方向明显较分散，快波平均偏振方向比6.1级地震序列大20deg;，而延迟时间方面二者相差不大；④S波分裂快波偏振方向所表现出的空间差异性，可能是由于在区域背景应力场的基础上叠加了两次6级主震产生的应力扰动引起的.      

基于CPLD的石英水平摆倾斜仪CCD驱动设计

针对SQ-70D型石英水平摆倾斜仪光电转换器在实际使用中存在的驱动频率低、电路结构复杂不易调试等问题,研究基于CPLD的CCD驱动时序生成方法.仿真和测试结果表明,采用CPLD设计的驱动电路结构简单,稳定性高,能够满足TCD1500c典型工作频率的要求.同时,设置积分时间控制变量QINT,可以根据实际光照强度对CCD光积分时间进行灵活调整,提高仪器的环境适应性.     

深海6000 m拖曳式瞬变电磁系统及其应用

针对我国西南印度洋合同区热液硫化物矿快速、有效以及便捷地质勘探装备的要求,研发了由甲板控制系统、万米光电复合缆、仪器舱拖体和天线拖体组成的深海6000 m拖曳式瞬变电磁系统.为了便于拖体布放和快速发现异常,选择重叠回线收发装置类型;采用理论数值计算确定了在拖曳高度不大于50 m的前提下,观测1~100 ms窗范围内的二次场响应,可以发现近海底深海热液硫化物矿堆;另外,通过不同拖延深度海上试验,研究了拖曳深度对瞬变电磁的影响规律及仪器性能.大洋第30航次第二航段在西南印度洋脊热液区,应用该系统发现了明显的瞬变电磁异常.印证了系统的有效性.