实验室测绘教学仪器的管理

在分析了当前测绘仪器管理存在问题的基础上，从仪器在实验室的管理体制、模式方面做了有益探讨和分析，提出了测绘仪器实行动态管理和开放使用的模式。     

基于EMD方法的地心运动时间序列分析

针对时间序列混有的高频信息会影响地心运动规律分析的问题,采用网平移法对IGS提供的GNSS周解进行解算,得到2007-2017年地心运动时间序列,对其进行分解重构,剔除高频项,并利用重构时序对地心运动规律作进一步分析探讨。结果表明：本文解算的地心运动在T_x、T_y和T_z方向的精度均为毫米级。EMD方法重构的时序保留了原序列的基本信息,且抑制了高频项的影响,提高了周期贡献率,3个方向的贡献率分别提高了12.3%、16.7%及6.3%。通过分析重构后的时序发现,周年项振幅为各周期对应振幅的最大值,分别为2.32、1.89和2.07 mm;T_y和T_z方向长期变化趋势较T_x更为明显,分别为0.13和-0.27 mm/a;半年项较小,且在T_x和T_y方向上具有时变性。此外,还发现了一些其他较小的年际变化。     

基于Oracle拓扑模型的地块建模与变更

拓扑建模是实现地籍地块变更的基础。通过以Oracle10g拓扑数据模型结点创建界址点,弧段创建界址线,多边形创建地块的方法实现了地籍地块的拓扑建模,减化了拓扑规则的设置及拓扑错误的检查,提出了地籍地块的变更方法,给出了其具体的实现过程和关键技术。     

提高河口地区水下地形测量精度的方法

采用配备多元传感器的高精度的无验潮水下地形测量模式、根据测区温度和盐度变化采用声速仪对声速进行实时改正、对系统时延进行准确的改正、正确的测量数据处理等来提高河口地区水下地形测量精度。     

测绘专业研究生创新能力培养模式探讨

重点实验室与工程科研中心是国家科技创新平台体系的重要组成部分,在科研平台的支持下,针对如何培养具有创新能力的研究生和提高研究生的科研素质的问题,该文结合矿山空间信息技术国家测绘地理信息局重点实验室在研究生创新能力培养上的做法,从多元化培养模式、开放式科研创新模式、科研考核等多个方面对测绘专业研究生创新能力培养模式进行探讨。     

Spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjacent regions: Implication for future seismic hazard

The study deals spatial mapping of earthquake hazard parameters like annual and 100-years mode along with their 90% probability of not being exceeded (NBE) in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya and adjoining regions. For this purpose, we applied a straightforward and most robust method known as Gumbel’s third asymptotic distribution of extreme values (GIII). A homogeneous and complete earthquake catalogue during the period 1900–2010 with magnitude M_W ⩾ 4.0 is utilized to estimate these earthquake hazard parameters. An equal grid point mesh, of 1° longitude X 1° latitude, is chosen to produce detailed earthquake hazard maps. This performance allows analysis of the localized seismicity parameters and representation of their regional variations as contour maps. The estimated result of annual mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the values of M_W 6.0 in the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan and northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings in the examined region. The 100-years mode with 90% probability of NBE is expected to exceed the value of M_W 8.0 in the Hindukush–Pamir Himalaya with Caucasus mountain belt, the Sulaiman–Kirthar ranges of Pakistan, northwestern part of the Nepal and surroundings, the Kangra–Himanchal Pradesh and Kashmir of India. The estimated high values of earthquake hazard parameters are mostly correlated with the main tectonic regimes of the examined region. The spatial variations of earthquake hazard parameters reveal that the examined region exhibits more complexity and has high crustal heterogeneity. The spatial maps provide a brief atlas of the earthquake hazard in the region.     

龙门山甘溪地区泥盆系碳酸盐与陆源碎屑混合沉积特征

结合地质剖面和薄片鉴定结果等资料,对龙门山地区泥盆纪埃姆斯期—吉维特早期混合沉积的岩石学特征、沉积特征、沉积相类型进行详细分析。基于研究区陆源碎屑沉积和碳酸盐沉积的2种相模式,总结了各类混合沉积的产出部位、沉积特征,归纳出龙门山地区甘溪泥盆系的混合沉积相模式,认为主控因素是由区域母源性质、构造作用、相对海平面变化等因素构成。     

GENDER,RACE, AND COMMUTING AMONG SERVICE SECTOR WORKERS*

The generality that women work closer to home and have shorter commuting times than men needs to be assessed for racial groups. Statistical analysis of commuting times for a large sample of service workers in the New York metropolitan area shows that black and hispanic women commute as far as their male counterparts and their commuting times far exceed those of white men and women. Workplace factors, such as income, occupation, and job accessibility, are important in explaining these findings.     

几种统计预测方法对1998年南京降水的跨季节预测试验及分析

对1998年南京降水分别设计并开展了求和自回归滑动平均（Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average,ARIMA）模型预测、经验模态分解（Empirical Mode Decomposition,EMD）预测和基于Hilbert变换（HilbertTransformation,HT）的幅频分离预测等3种跨季节统计预测试验。结果表明：ARIMA模型预测结果存在明显的系统性误差且对夏季的降水突变现象预测困难;EMD分解预测的结果虽在降水演变趋势上有明显提高,但仍未能预测出夏季的强降水突变现象,究其原因可能是对高频分量预测效果不好所致;而基于Hilbert变换的幅频分离预测方法能够对各模态分量的瞬时频率和瞬时振幅实施隔离预测,消除两者的相互影响,显著改善高频模态的预测效果,使得最终预测结果最为理想,不仅具有最高的趋势相关性和最小的偏差,而且还较好地预测出了夏季两次强降水过程。不仅如此,在对2003年的降水预测验证中,基于Hilbert变换的幅频分离预测方法同样具有最好的预测效果,表明该方法预测效果较为稳定,为改进跨季节短期气候统计预测技术提供了一个新思路。     

An Aerosol Model of the Marine and Coastal Atmospheric Surface Layer

We present a microphysical model for the surface layer marine and coastal atmospheric aerosols that is based on long-term observations of size distributions for 0.01–100 µm particles. The fundamental feature of the model is a parameterization of amplitudes and widths for aerosol modes of the aerosol size distribution function (ASDF) as functions of fetch and wind speed. The shape of ASDF and its dependence on meteorological parameters, height above sea level (H), fetch (X), wind speed (U) and relative humidity (RH), are investigated. At present, the model covers the ranges H = 0–25 m, U?=?3–18 km s^?1, X?≤?120 km and RH?=?40–98%.

The latest version of the Marine Aerosol Extinction Profiles model (MaexPro) is described and applied to the computation and analysis of the spectral profiles of aerosol extinction coefficients α(λ) in the wavelength band λ?=?0.2–12 µm. MaexPro is based on the aforementioned aerosol model assuming spherically shaped aerosol particles and the well-known Mie theory.

The spectral profiles of α(λ) calculated by MaexPro are in good agreement with observational data and the numerical results obtained from the Navy Aerosol Model (NAM) and the Advanced Navy Aerosol Model (ANAM). Moreover, MaexPro was found to be an accurate and reliable tool for investigating the optical properties of atmospheric aerosols.