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41.
Promoting social justice and conserving montane forest environments: a case study of Nepal's community forestry programme 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Netra Prasad Timsina 《The Geographical journal》2003,169(3):236-242
This paper analyses participatory forest policy and the ways it has influenced the relationships between people as it relates to the forest resource management. This case study was conducted in the middle hills of Nepal, and information was collected through direct observation, individual interviews, group discussion and secondary information analysis. It substantiates a few examples of how the community forestry programme can be used as a means to promote the participation of the women, the poor and dalit (untouchables) in forest resource management, as well as enhancing social justice and improving the forest resources in their locality. However, it also demonstrates that though the community forestry programme has a positive impact, it faces several constraints and challenges. The local Forest User Group is controlled by a few élites making the poor and disadvantaged vulnerable to further marginalization. The results of the case study strongly indicate that community forestry processes must address the political, economic and social needs of the forest users, and also provide a neutral platform on which the poor can present their cases. 相似文献
42.
经过多年的实践和研究结果表明,橡胶(Hevea brasiliensis)—茶树(Camellia sinensis)两层人工群落结构,比单一橡胶种植模式有着明显的改善山地土壤生态环境的特点。胶—茶人工群落对减少水土流失,改善土壤微生物状况,增强土壤地表呼吸强度,促进团聚体形成和提高土壤肥力以及增加单产等方面,均有显著的效果。因此,胶—茶人工群落为合理利用我国西部热带山地资源,开辟了一条新的经营种植模式。 相似文献
43.
盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物特征 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为揭示盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统微生物群落结构特征,1994-1995年,对松嫩平原苏打盐碱化湿地稻-鱼复合生态系统水体与土壤中的微生物数量及种群组成进行了初步研究。结果表明,稻-鱼湿地水体中异养细菌数量显著高于稻田湿地(P<0.05),季节变化特点为秋季>夏季>春季。异养细菌的数量分布与鱼产量有显著相关关系(r=0.879)。稻-鱼湿地系统的土壤微生物数量明显高于稻田湿地(P<0.01)。稻-鱼湿地和稻田湿地分别检测出10个和11个属的异养细菌。稻-鱼湿地系统1个生长期细菌的平均生物量为0.973g/m3,生产量为307.5 kg/hm2,所提供的鱼产力为7.0 kg/hm2。 相似文献
44.
Bradon Ellem 《The Australian geographer》2003,34(3):281-296
This paper examines the attempt by mining management in Western Australia's Pilbara to replace mining unions—quite literally—by removing them from the processes of representation and bargaining. It analyses the way in which those unions have tried to re-place themselves, in the senses of transforming themselves in those spaces in which they were already operating and reviving themselves where they were not. Where unionists have succeeded in these engagements, it has been by working at a range of geographical scales, using the ‘power of place’ in the Pilbara and reshaping traditional geographies of union organisation. It is suggested here that many of these emergent outcomes are the result of the embeddedness of geographically specific historical structures along with new intersections of nationally and locally scaled labour politics. 相似文献
45.
Quantifying Storm Tide Risk in Cairns 总被引:6,自引:5,他引:6
Ken Granger 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(2):165-185
The United Nations International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction (IDNDR)gave rise to an increasing level of attention to the risks posed by a range of naturalhazards and the development of strategies by which to reduce those risks. It waswidely recognised that in order to evaluate risk treatment strategies it was necessaryto `measure' the level of risk that already existed and the level of risk that would beencountered with the treatment strategy(s) in place.This paper outlines the methodology developed under the AGSO (now GeoscienceAustralia) Cities Project to quantify the risk associated with storm tide inundation. It includes the methodology for `measuring' the level of community exposure to storm tide hazards and the methodology for `measuring' community vulnerability. The Far North Queensland city of Cairns is used as the case study to demonstrate the application of these methods. 相似文献
46.
Linda J. Anderson-Berry 《Natural Hazards》2003,30(2):209-232
This paper is a partial discussion of a four-year study that investigated the vulnerability of the people living in the Cairns region to the tropical cyclone hazard. The longitudinal case study, focussing on the Cairns Northern Beaches area, was unique in that it included a social and societal `pre-cyclone impact' evaluation of various resident communities within the region, and then two consecutive `post-cyclone impact' studies. The primary research method supported an inductive qualitative approach to the collection and analysis of survey data. Some quantitative methods were invoked to support qualitative research findings. Survey data was collected in five separate questionnaire-based social surveys that were administered between 1996 and 2000. During the study, residents experiencedthe direct impact of two land-falling tropical cyclones. In addition to this, targeted andfocussed tropical cyclone awareness education was made increasingly available withinthe community. The social and demographic attributes that influence the individual'sperception of risk and contribute to our understanding of community vulnerability were examined and evaluated. Changes in the residents' attitudes, cyclone preparednessbehaviours and willingness to respond to cyclone warnings were monitored and measured. Analysis of early survey data indicated that community residents generally had some knowledge of cyclones but a limited understanding of cyclone processes and very little direct personal experience of the cyclone hazard. Individually and collectively, residents frequently demonstrated a biased perception of the risks associated with cyclones. The resident community was shown to be fragmented, with limited support being available to individual households. Initially, residents were found to be poorly prepared for cyclones and unlikely to respond to warnings appropriately. It appeared that, in the event of a land-falling tropical cyclone impacting the area, the community was highly vulnerable to unnecessary loss of property, livelihood and – in extreme circumstances – life. By 2000, Cairns community residents were somewhat better informed about cyclones and certainly more experienced. This paper provides some insight into how cyclone experience and education may synergisticly have contributed to a change in risk perceptions and a reduction in the vulnerability of Cairns residents to the tropical cyclone and storm surge hazards. 相似文献
47.
Archaeological sites are valuable nonrenewable resources and they are being destroyed rapidly by modern development projects
of all kinds, worldwide. The contextual information in these sites could tell surprising and valuable stories of human behavior
over an enormous sweep of time and might contribute to a better future. Archaeologists’ experience of site destruction and
their recent efforts to work with local communities toward alternatives to site destruction may offer examples for others
concerned with the treatment of nonrenewable resources 相似文献
48.
乌兰布和沙漠东北边缘植物群落物种多样性及其生态环境 总被引:7,自引:3,他引:7
应用群落多样性指数(D)、均匀度(J)、生态优势度(C)等指标,对乌兰布和沙漠东北边缘不同生境(荒漠区、绿洲外围、绿洲内)的天然植物群落进行了研究,结果表明这三种指标值能有效地表征群落的组成结构特征及生境的优劣;荒漠植物群落多样性指数(D=0.603~2.984)和均匀度(J=0.337~0.691)都较低,而生态优势度(C=0.724~0.195)较高,说明荒漠植被生态环境的脆弱性,群落结构越复杂,多样性指数越高;多样性与生态环境关系密切,D和J随生境渐好而递增,C随生境渐好而递减,可作为环境评价指标;多样性在一定程度上体现了群落的发展阶段和稳定程度,越接近顶级阶段,多样性越高,且环境的改善有助于群落演替进程的加速;干旱区弃耕撩荒地次生演替植被,在弃耕初期多样性随弃耕年限增大而减小,后期处于一个较稳定的水平,且各演替阶段植物组成变化较大。 相似文献
49.
辽宁北票盆地中侏罗世海房沟组含丰富的生物化石,其中的水生昆虫、水生植物、叶肢介、水生软体动物和鱼类共同构成一个复杂的水生生物群落。根据其营养水平划分为生产者、消费者和分解者。这些生物通过捕食关系构成一个复杂的食物链 相似文献
50.
Water and water related matters are important issues in water scarce countries like the Republic of South Africa. This is
especially true for the agricultural sector that relies heavily on the availability of water for irrigation to ensure a secure
food supply. In South Africa, present day irrigation projects rely on government subsidies and are usually large undertakings
beyond the reach of individuals or small communities. The sustainability of such large irrigation projects is still a matter
of debate. A 100 years ago a different set of rules applied. Irrigation could only be achieved by hand-dug furrows that supplied
water in relatively small quantities to small farming communities. This paper investigated such a small community, the Leeukloof
farming community in the Western Cape Province of the Republic of South Africa. For the past 93 years this community has maintained
a furrow that supplies water not only to farms bordering the Perdeberg River, which supplies the furrow with water, but also
to farms not bordering the river. The authors try to reconstruct the changes in agricultural practices brought about by the
furrow, methods of water extraction during each phase, as well as the development and role of the furrow system. The perception
by the community of the necessity of this method of water extraction from the river system is also investigated.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献