Phylogenetic analysis of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae

Macroalgal surfaces are prone to being attached by bacteria. Epibacterial community structures on marine macroalgae are host-specific but temporally and spatially variable. In this study, we investigated the structure of epibacterial communities on the surfaces of four red macroalgae, Gracilaria lemaneiformis, Gloiopeltis furcata, Mazzaella sp. and Porphyra yezoensis, by analyzing the sequences of 16 S r RNA gene libraries. Healthy individuals of all macroalgae species were collected in winter from a farm at Dalian, China. The results showed that the epibacterial communities were mainly dominated by α-Proteobacteria, γ-Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Deinococcus-Thermus, Spirochaetes and ε-Proteobacteria were also found. The majority of cloned sequences shared the greatest similarity to those of culturable organisms. A large portion of sequences from the α-Proteobacteria homed in Roseobacter clade, i.e., genera Ahrensia, Roseovarius, Litoreibacter, Octadecabacter, Thaiassobacter and Sulfitobacter, while members of Bacteroidetes mainly belonged to family Flavobacteriaceae. The cloned sequences could be separated into 66 OTUs at 0.01 distance value, and rare common OTUs were found among libraries. At genus level, Pseudoalteromonas dominated Gr. lemaneiformis and Gl. furcata libraries, accounting for 72.2% and 47.3%, respectively. Sulfitobacter dominated P. yezoensis library, accounting for 35.4%. A previously undefined cluster within Deinococcus-Thermus dominated Mazzaella sp. library, accounting for 24.6% of the all. These results indicated that a broad range of bacteria inhabited the surfaces of these macroalgae.     

胶州湾冬季浮游植物光合作用特征原位研究

目前关于中国近海浮游植物光合作用特征的研究较少,尤其是海洋浮游藻类冬季光合生理生态方面的研究少见报道。本实验利用浮游植物荧光仪Phyto-PAM测量了胶州湾浮游植物最大光化学量子产量、快速光曲线、光化学淬灭以及非光化学淬灭,通过显微镜镜检获得浮游植物群落结构组成与丰度结果,结合相应的环境因子,对胶州湾冬季浮游植物进行了原位光合作用特征研究。结果表明:调查期间胶州湾浮游植物具有较高的光合活性与潜力,最大光化学量子产量保持在0.69左右,光能利用效率大部分处于0.2—0.3之间,快速光曲线十分典型,当光强超过1000μmol/(s·m2)后依然能保持较好的光合活性,光化学淬灭值较高;当光强超过1500μmol/(s·m2)后,相对电子传递速率开始下降,实际光量子收益达到最低,非光化学淬灭升高,此时海洋浮游植物将光合机构吸收的过量光能以热能的形式耗散掉,有效地保护了胶州湾浮游植物的光合器官不因高光强的照射而受到损伤。冬季大部分时期胶州湾浮游植物丰度极低,但是湾内浮游植物具有较强的光合活性,加上相对稳定的水文、生物等环境以及较丰富的营养盐和相对有利的营养盐结构,是推动冬季浮游植物高峰期出现的关键生理生态因素。     

象山港人工鱼礁投放对大型底栖动物群落结构的影响

为探明人工鱼礁生境中底栖生物群落结构的组成情况,评估人工鱼礁投放的生态修复效果,根据2006—2007年4季象山港全港区以及2010年4季人工鱼礁区和邻近区的调查资料,对比分析了3个不同区域大型底栖动物群落的差异。共鉴定出大型底栖动物116种,其中多毛类46种,软体动物35种,甲壳类18种,棘皮动物6种,其他类11种,各区域大型底栖动物的主要类群均为多毛类和软体动物。大型底栖动物密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Margalef丰富度指数表现为邻近区鱼礁区全港区,生物量为鱼礁区邻近区全港区。双因子方差分析结果表明:区域间,大型底栖动物种类数、密度、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef丰富度指数均存在显著性差异,生物量无显著性差异;季节间,大型底栖动物种类数和密度存在显著性差异,其余参数均无显著性差异。非度量多维尺度排序分析结果显示,鱼礁区和邻近区的大型底栖动物群落相似度较高,而与全港区的相似度较低。相似性百分比进一步揭示,鱼礁区和邻近区大型底栖动物群落间的平均非相似性为77.19%,不倒翁虫(Sternaspis scutata)为造成群落间差异的重要贡献物种;鱼礁区和全港区群落间的平均非相似性高达91.34%,不倒翁虫、薄云母蛤(Yoldia similis)、纵肋织纹螺(Nassarius variciferus)和洼颚倍棘蛇尾(Amphioplus depressus)为重要贡献物种;邻近区和全港区大型底栖动物群落间的平均非相似性也高达91.47%,不倒翁虫、薄片镜蛤(Dosinia laminata)和薄云母蛤为重要贡献物种。双因素相似性分析结果表明,人工鱼礁区、邻近区和全港区大型底栖动物群落季节间存在显著性差异,但区域间无显著性差异。不同区域两两间检验结果表明,人工鱼礁区和全港区的大型底栖动物群落存在显著性差异,人工鱼礁区和邻近区以及邻近区和全港区均无显著性差异。研究结果表明,象山港白石山群岛海域人工鱼礁的投放对大型底栖动物群落结构影响显著,但影响范围局限于人工鱼礁区附近。     

Phytoplankton community characteristics in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea Phytoplankton community characteristics in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea

Remote sensing applications are important in the fisheries sector and efforts were on to improve the predic-tions of potential fishing zones using ocean color. The present study was aimed to investigat...     

Ecological indicators showing the succession of macrofauna communities in Sonneratia apetala artificial mangrove wetlands on Qi’ao Island at Zhuhai, South China

The Sonneratia apetala artificial mangroves in the intertidal zone of Da Wei Bay at Qi’ao Island of Zhu-hai, South China were chosen as the macrofauna succession plots while bare tidal flats of the same size were established as control plots in surrounding interference-free areas. Conventional change indicators of community structure, such as biomass and biodiversity, and indicators, such as exergy and specific exergy, which reflect the information change of overall communities, were used to analyze the succession of macro-fauna communities inS. apetala artificial mangroves. The similarities and differences in variation tendency of the different ecological indicators and their reflected ecological principles were compared. The results showed that from D-1 to D-1275 after plantingS. apetala, the biomass of the macrofauna communities first increased, which was then followed by an increase in the network relationship between the macrofauna communities （analysis of the Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index）. The system in-formation （specific exergy） increased the slowest. Between D-1460 and D-2370 after plantingS. apetala, there was a decrease in biomass, network structure, and system information in the succession plots. After the decrease in the system information （the specific exergy）, there was a decline in the network relationships （Pielou evenness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index）. Biomass was the last indicator to decrease. The similarities and differences among the different ecological indicators varied during the succession pro-cess, which reflected the relativity and differences among the indicators. This study suggested that, although the species diversity index can be an effective indicator of two types of changes （network structure and system information）, it was quite clear that species diversity measurement was not suitable for expressing the changes in biomass during the succession process. While exergy and specific exergy can provide useful information     

海洋生境刀鲚菌群PCR-DGGE指纹图谱构建及分析

为了分析海洋生境刀鲚(Coilia nasus)体内及生长环境菌群结构,作者采用免培养16S r DNA的PCR-DGGE指纹图谱技术,对刀鲚鳃、肠道壁、肠道内容物及水体环境中的菌群结构进行了对比分析。结果表明:变性梯度为35%~55%、浓度为8%的聚丙烯酰胺凝胶,150V 60℃下电泳10 h,DGGE带谱的分离效果较好;刀鲚鳃、肠道壁、肠道内容物及水体样品指纹图谱上分别显示出24、19、14和29条信号强度不同的条带;相同样品重复组细菌结构相似度在80%以上,差异不显著;不同样品之间,刀鲚鳃与海水聚为一支,具有较高的相似度为52%,肠壁与肠内容物相似度为41%。样品菌群主要以未培养菌为主,主要包括变形菌、放线菌和厚壁菌。本文首次成功构建海洋生境刀鲚菌群16S r DNA的PCR-DGGE指纹图谱。     

广西沿海不同演替阶段红树群落沉积物粒度分布特征

沉积物粒度分布是影响红树群落演替的重要因素之一。本文对代表广西红树群落演替趋势的白骨壤(Avicennia marina)、秋茄(Kandelia candel)、木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)3种红树群落沉积物进行了粒度分析。结果表明:3种红树群落沉积物类型均以砂和粉砂为主,随着红树林群落保存状况的逐渐变差,砂的含量逐渐上升,粉砂和黏土含量逐渐下降;沉积物粒径分布趋势均为砂粉砂黏土砾。木榄和秋茄2个群落底床沉积物不同深度沉积物粒径分布规律一致,但与白骨壤群落存在差异;3种红树群落的沉积物粒度频率曲线均呈现为双峰或多峰形态。     

Microbial Processes in Stratified Lake Doroninskoe(Transbaikal Region)

正In recent decades,meromictic ponds attract the attention of researchers in different directions,because here the character of the physical,chemical and biological processes differ from those of typical mixing waters(Kuznetsov,1970;Hutchinson,1969).In Transbaikalia widely distributed soda and salt lakes with different salinity.Notable among them is Lake Doroninskoye,which has a pronounced stratification for a     

An Integrated Study to Analyze Salt Lake Microbial Community Structure(Novosibirsk Oblast,Russia)

正Salt Lake is one of the lakes in the system,consisting of a huge amount of salt and bitter-salty lakes in Novosibirsk Oblast and Altai Krai.These lakes are unique and highly unstable systems where the parameters of geochemical     

企业社区居民地方认同变化及作用机理——以西北第一印染厂社区为例

地方认同是衡量人地情感、理解人与地方认知关系的重要概念,能够反映人地互动的复杂动态关系。企业社区作为重要的城市居住空间,理解居民地方认同对于科学开展城市社区更新、街区振兴与可持续发展具有重要意义。以西安市西北第一印染厂社区为例,采用扎根理论方法,分析社会环境变迁和社区重构影响下,居民个人身份与地方认同的变化及作用机理。研究发现：1）企业社区居民个人身份认同是从单位人向社会人,以及未来作为留守老年群体的转变。2）延续传承的集体记忆维系居民积极式认同,社会交往生疏化和社区管理社会化加剧地方认同弱化,破败的建筑环境和落后的配套设施带来消极式认同。3）居民在生活、成长的企业社区环境和社会互动中构建了自身及对地方的认同,随着外部社会环境与内部居民个体特征而变化。外部社会环境的国企改革、住房改革使企业转轨、社区社会空间转变,加以居住时间差异、个体特征、心理因素与个人经历变化等内部因素,共同塑造居民的地方认同及其变化过程。