新疆塔什库尔干谷地地热资源研究进展

归纳了新疆塔什库尔干谷地地热地质条件,分析了区内地质构造、地温分布、地热流体化学及同位素特征,研究了地热形成机理,计算了曲曼地热田的地热资源量和可开采量。结果表明: 研究区地热资源受断裂构造控制; 地温变化与盖层、完整基岩、断裂带(热储)表现出明显的一致性,目前实测最高热储温度为161 ℃,深部热储计算温度可达222~268 ℃,地温梯度最高为149.20 ℃/100 m; 地热流体具有深循环特征,与浅表冷水的水化学和同位素特征具有明显的差异; 地热流体来源于大气降水,在断裂及裂隙内储存、运移、富集,在侵入岩体放射性生热和结晶余热的热量供应下,地下流体不断与围岩进行热量及物质交换,在热储围岩和盖层中,热量以传导方式为主,在热储内,热量以对流方式为主; 曲曼地热田储存的热量为55.919×10¹¹ MJ,地热流体可开采量约为12 593 m³/d,产能(热能)约为77.9 MW。因此认为,塔什库尔干谷地热储埋藏深度浅,易开采,具有可观的直接和间接经济价值。     

提高矿产资源储量年度报告编制质量的看法

在矿山资源储量动态核查中,通过对地测机构提交的企业储量年度报告中存在的矿区平面控制点、高程基点精度低;矿区坐标与实测坐标相差较大;矿山原有资源储量不实、矿床开采技术条件方面的资料缺乏等方面的问题进行分析探讨,进而提出一些意见与建议。     

Ilmenite, Magnetite and Chromite Beach Placers from South Maharashtra, Central West Coast of India

The heavy mineral placer deposits of the coastal sediments in south Maharashtra stretch for 12.5 km from Pirwadi in the north to Talashil in the south. The area is a sand bar represented by a narrow submergent coastal plain lying between the Achara and Gad Rivers. The sediments in the area are mainly sands which are moderately well sorted to well sorted. The heavy mineral concentration in the surficial sediments ranges between 0.69 and 98.32 wt % (28.73 wt % in average). The heavy mineral concentration shows an increasing trend from north to south. The heavy mineral suite consists predominantly of opaque minerals (ilmenite, magnetite and chromite), garnet, pyroxene, amphibole, zircon, tourmaline, rutile, staurolite, etc. Ilmenite grains are fresh whereas magnetite grains show the effect of weathering and alteration. The chromite grains are rounded to sub-rounded with alteration at the margin of the grains. The surficial textures of the opaque minerals show mechanical breaking that indicates limited distance of transportation. Ilmenite has TiO₂ in the range between 40.04 and 46.6 wt %. Based on ore microscopy studies, the magnetite grains appear to be of two types: pure magnetite and titano-magnetite. Compositionally, the total magnetite fractions have Fe₂O₃ between 32 and 46 wt %, FeO between 19.0 and 25 wt % and TiO₂ between 14.3 and 23.9 wt %. The chromite grains are an admixture of two varieties, ferro-chromite and magnesio-chromite. The chromite grains have 32.06–47.5 wt % of Cr₂O₃ with total iron between 23.86 wt % (4.73% Fe₂O₃ and 19.13% FeO) and 27.89 wt % (4.36% Fe₂O₃ and 23.53% FeO) and MgO between 12 and 40 wt %. The observed variations in the distribution of heavy minerals in the area are due to differences in the sediment supply, their specific gravity and oceanographic processes all of which result in a selective sorting of the sediments. The observed mineral assemblages of transparent heavy minerals (pyroxene, amphibole, tourmaline, kyanite, garnet, zircon and olivine) are suggestive of their derivation from a heterogeneous provenance comprising of igneous rocks, high grade metamorphic rocks and reworked Kaladgi sediments. The chromite grains appear to have been derived from ultrabasic rocks present in the upper reaches of the Gad River. The inferred reserves of ilmenite, magnetite and chromite are 0.175, 0.395 and 0.032 million tons, respectively.     

功能疏解背景下北京商业郊区化研究

采用社会消费品零售额、连锁超市门店和商业土地出让数据,借助GIS技术研究功能疏解背景下北京商业郊区化的进程与空间特征,并探讨其驱动机制。研究发现:上世纪90年代北京商业经历了快速的近郊区扩散过程,21世纪以来,显现出远郊区扩散的趋势,但尚未进入典型的商业郊区化阶段。超市网点与商业土地出让数据均揭示出商业沿环路与放射交通廊道扩散的特征,回龙观、望京等城郊居住区、通州、门头沟等远郊新城逐步形成新的商业集聚区。增量商业土地出让数据显示,商业郊区化扩展区域差异显著,西北方向最为明显,扩展的速率快、距离远,西南、东北方向郊区化趋势较明显,但波动较大,东南方向不典型。最后,从人口与住宅郊区化的吸引力、交通与私人汽车快速发展的推动力、城市中心区的挤出力和规划的引导力四方面探讨了北京商业郊区化的驱动机制。     

Population dynamics and fishery management of the paua,Haliotis iris

A population model is developed and used in conjunction with the results of a study of an unexploited population of paua (Haliotis iris Martyn) to examine the historical pattern of recruitment and yield per recruit. As H. iris cannot yet be aged, the population model uses size rather than age classes, but is structurally similar to the Leslie matrix model. Simulations suggest that the observed population size structure resulted from a short (about 5 year) period of high recruitment, preceded and followed by longer periods of low recruitment. Yield per recruit analysis shows that the present minimum legal size for the fishery (127 mm) provides close to the maximum yield per recruit for most stocks, although yield per recruit could be increased in some areas by a reduction in minimum legal size.     

Characterisation of the recreational fishery for southern rock lobster,Jasus edwardsii,in Tasmania,Australia: Implications for management

Southern rock lobster (Jasus edwardsii) support significant commercial and recreational fisheries in Tasmania, Australia. Since the mid 1990s the number of persons holding recreational lobster licences increased by over 80%, with c. 15 500 persons licensed in 2002/03. Assessment of the recreational fishery has been undertaken periodically since 1996 using a telephone‐diary survey method. The fishery was concentrated off the south‐east and east coasts of Tasmania and characterised by strong seasonality in catch and effort, which peaked markedly early in the fishing year (November‐January). Although pots were the most popular fishing method, daily catch rates by divers were more than double those for pots. Divers selectively harvested larger lobsters than those taken by pots and more frequently attained the daily bag limit of 5 lobsters. The estimated recreational harvest increased significantly since 1996/97 and in 2002/03 effectively reached a management trigger level of 10% of the total allowable commercial catch, flagging a review of recreational management arrangements.     

Direct impacts of commercial and recreational fishing on spiny lobster,Panulirus interruptus,populations at Santa Catalina Island,California, United States

The California spiny or red rock lobster, Panulirus interruptus, is an ecologically and economically important species that has been exploited since the 1800s. No previous study in California has assessed the impacts of the recreational or commercial lobster harvest. Before the 2003–04 commercial and recreational lobster seasons, we conducted a fishery‐independent trap survey at Santa Catalina Island to document the impact of the lobster fisheries on the size structure, abundance, and sex ratios of mature P. interruptus (>65 mm carapace length (CL)). We concurrently sampled a predominantly commercially fished area, a recreationally fished area, and a 23‐year‐old invertebrate no‐take (INT) reserve. Relative to the INT reserve, legal‐size lobsters in the recreational area were similar in CL, but 31% less abundant. Legal‐size lobsters in the commercial area were 8% smaller and 70% less abundant than those in the INT reserve. The sex ratio of legal‐size lobsters, although near 50:50 in the recreational and INT reserve areas, was male‐dominated (67:33) in the commercial area. Differences in CPUE and mean CL of sub‐legal lobsters in the recreational and commercial areas suggest that factors in addition to harvesting pressure may affect these populations. Total biomass of mature lobsters in the recreational and commercial areas was 92% and 45%, respectively, of biomass in the INT reserve. Fecundity in the recreational and commercial areas was 83% and 42%, respectively, of fecundity in the INT reserve. This study provides preliminary data for future ecological studies and fisheries management evaluations.     

隐伏矿床预测的理论和方法

文章论述了隐伏矿床的定义和分类 ,介绍国内外寻找隐伏矿床的理论和方法 ,提出综合预测和找矿途径 ,提高找矿效率 ,以满足国家建设对矿产资源日益增长的需要。     

Oil and gas in offshore tracts: Bias in estimates of reserves

Two independent data sets show that current means of estimating reserves of oil and gas in offshore fields are biased. The bias which is established here is that small fields (with less than about 10 million barrels of oil equivalent) are overestimated, and larger fields (at least up to 200 MMBOE) are underestimated. This systematic bias occurs with or without a significant overall bias, and in addition to a large scatter. Because bias (as opposed to scatter) has serious implications for national energy policy, and in particular for conduct of offshore lease sales, these results indicate that evaluation methods should be revised, or that ad hoc adjustments (based on historical data) should be applied.     

矿山地质储量微机管理

遂昌金矿在地质储量管理方面进行了有益的探索,形成了完整的地质储量微机管理系统,该系统能及时、准确地对矿山地质储量进行动态管理,适应了矿产资源走向市场后矿山企业对地质储量管理提出的新要求.