油气有机质与MVT铅锌矿床的成矿——以四川赤普铅锌矿为例

四川赤普MVT铅锌矿床成矿与古老油气藏关系密切。通过对矿床不同成矿阶段硫化物硫同位素和热液碳酸盐碳、氧同位素系统研究,结合沥青有机质的有机地球化学特征,探讨油气参与金属成矿的详细过程。取得主要认识如下：(1)油气系统中先存的H2S是成矿早阶段主要的硫源, TSR作用启动后还原硫酸盐,为成矿提供另一硫源。Mg2+可能是控制成矿过程中TSR作用的一个因素;(2)热液碳酸盐矿物碳(氧)同位素组成指示了 TSR 作用氧化的有机碳与流体溶解围岩碳酸盐岩中碳的不均匀混合作用;(3)矿床中与成矿作用有关的有机质(沥青)具有高-过成熟度特征和低芳烃含量,或是其参与了 TSR 作用的一个标志;(4)川滇黔地区油气成藏-破坏和赤普铅锌成矿可能是盆山演化过程中不同阶段或是同一阶段不同时代的产物,铅锌矿床形成与古老油气藏破坏密切相关。     

Analysis of the 2003 Varunawat Landslide,Uttarkashi, India using Earth Observation data

Mass movements such as landslides in mountainous terrains are natural degradation processes and one of the most important landscape-building factors. Varunawat Parbat overlooking Uttarkashi town witnessed a series of landslides on 23 September 2003 and the debris slides and rock falls continued for 2 weeks. This landslide complex was triggered due to the incessant rainfall prior to the event, and its occurrence led to the blockage of the pilgrim route to Gangotri (source of the Ganges river) and evacuation of thousands of people to safer places. Though there was no loss of lives due to timely evacuation, heavy losses to the property were reported. High-resolution stereoscopic earth observation data were acquired after the incidence to study the landslide in detail with emphasis on the cause of the landslide and mode of failure. Areas along the road and below the Varunawat foothill region are mapped for landslide risk. It was found that the foothill region of the Varunawat Parbat was highly disturbed by man-made activities and houses are dangerously located below steep slopes. The potential zones for landslides along with the existing active and old landslides are mapped. These areas are critical and their treatment with priority is required in order to minimise further landslide occurrences.     

1960-2015年青海三江源地区降水时空特征

青海三江源地区是中国生态系统最为敏感和脆弱的地区,其降水特别是生长季降水的波动,是影响本区及江河中下游水资源安全、生态系统可持续发展的关键因素。综合线性趋势、Mann-Kendall检验、BG分割算法、R/S、EEMD等多方法细致辨识了1960-2015年研究区降水量序列的时空特征。结果显示：① 三江源降水量总体呈现弱增趋势,21世纪以来降水量显著增加,各子源区气候倾向率不尽相同;② 年、季降水量自东南向西北递减,澜沧江源区夏季降水和黄河源区秋季降水呈弱减趋势,雨量弱减区在空间上呈斑块状分布;③ 年、季降水量年代际变化和增湿率的空间差异较明显,春夏季降水气候倾向率与经纬度、海拔的复相关性显著高于冬季;④ 20世纪90年代中后期,各子源区降水总体显现增强信号,并于2002年前后发生突变;⑤ 年际和低值年代际显著周期是造成降水量变动的主要因素;⑥ 除澜沧江源区夏季降水趋于减少外,其他年、季降水量变化呈现增幅不一的转湿趋势;⑦ 横向比较各子源区可见,长江源区降水变化更能表征高原气候变化。研究结果显示,研究区降水时空序列变化具有明显的区域和季节差异性特征,与以往类似研究存在些许差异,可见为有效提高气候序列演变过程及突变诊断的准确性,仍需进一步融合多方法实施集成分析。     

Fast detection of chaotic behavior in galactic potentials

In the present paper we apply a new method of distinction between ordered and chaotic motion in galactic potentials. The method uses the Fourier Transform of a series of time intervals each one representing the time that elapsed between two successive points on the Poincaré surface of section. Examples of the methods ability to achieve an early and clear detection of an orbit's behavior are provided using two galactic potentials. The new method can also be applied in order to have an early distinction between ordered and sticky orbits. The method is generalized in order to be used in models with more than two dimensions. Finally we have tried to find an one‐number index to give us the nature of the orbit instead of checking by eye the whole spectrum. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

南海北部珠江口盆地深水区天然气水合物成因类型及成矿成藏模式

南海北部大陆边缘珠江口盆地油气资源丰富,迄今为止不仅在北部浅水区勘探发现了大量油田,建成了超千万立方米的石油年产能区,而且在南部深水区亦 获得了深水油气勘探的重大突破;在深水海底浅层还发现了大量生物气/亚生物气显示,钻探获得了天然气水合物。根据近年来油气勘探及海洋地质勘查所获大量天然气资料,结合油气成藏地 质条件,深入分析了珠江口盆地生物气/亚生物气地质地球化学特征及其气源岩展布特点,初步预测和估算了其生物气生成量与资源量。通过珠江口盆地南部深水区白云凹陷(神狐调查区)天然 气水合物形成的地质地球化学条件分析,进一步证实了该区勘查发现的天然气水合物,主要属生物气成因类型,其气源供给主要来自原地近源以生物气为主的混合气,天然气水合物成矿成藏 模式则主要属于生物气源供给“自生自储型”近源富集成矿成藏类型,且资源潜力颇大。     

水文资料在水土保持中的应用研究

本文简要分析了我国水文资料的基本特点及其在水土保持中的应用情况,并结合水文资料在水土保持中的研究实例,探讨了加强水文资料在水土保持中应用范围与价值,在新一轮的站网调整建设中应与水土保持监测站网建设结合起来,避免重复建设,加强水文站网功能,发挥现有水文站网作用。     

海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷断裂系统及其对油气运聚的控制作用

在系统分析海拉尔盆地贝尔凹陷断裂系统及其演化的基础上,研究了断裂演化对油气运聚条件的控制作用.研究表明,贝尔凹陷发育的断裂主要有4种类型:早期伸展断裂、中期张扭断裂、早期伸展中期张扭长期活动断裂和早期伸展中期张扭晚期反转长期活动断裂.可划分出3套断裂系统:早期伸展断裂系统、中期张扭断裂系统和晚期反转断裂系统.断裂的活动...     

河南省洛阳—三门峡铝土矿地质特征及其勘查开发前景

河南省洛阳-三门峡的铝土矿，是赋存于中石炭统本溪组的一水硬铝石型沉积铝土矿。本区不仅蕴藏量多，而且有相当数量的富铝土矿，勘查开发潜力大，前景广阔。     

Spatiotemporal variation and mechanisms of temperature inversion in the Bay of Bengal and the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean

In the northern Bay of Bengal, the existence of intense temperature inversion during winter is a widely accepted phenomenon. However, occurrences of temperature inversion during other seasons and the spatial distribution within and adjacent to the Bay of Bengal are not well understood. In this study, a higher resolution spatiotemporal variation of temperature inversion and its mechanisms are examined with mixed layer heat and salt budget analysis utilizing long-term Argo（2004 to 2020） and RAMA（2...     

Identification and evolution of hydrogeochemical processes in the groundwater environment in an area of the Palar and Cheyyar River Basins,Southern India

The Palar and Cheyyar River Basins in Tamil Nadu state of Southern India are characterised by different geological formations, and groundwater is the major source for domestic, agricultural and other water-related activities. Hydrogeochemical studies were carried out in this area with the objective of identifying the geochemical processes and their relation to groundwater quality. Groundwater samples were collected once a month from 43 groundwater wells in this area from January 1998 to July 1999. Sampling procedures and chemical analysis were carried out as per the standard methods. Chemical data are used for mathematical calculations and graphical plots to understand the chemical process and its relation to the groundwater quality. The chemical composition of groundwater in the central part of the study area mainly depends on the recharge from lakes and the river, which is explained by a mixing mechanism. In addition, weathering of silicate minerals controls the concentration of major ions such as sodium, calcium, magnesium and potassium in the groundwater of this area. Further, the activity ratios indicate that the groundwater is in equilibrium with kaolinite, smectite and montmorrillonite. The reverse ion exchange process controls the concentration of calcium, magnesium and sodium in hard rock formations, and dissolution of carbonate minerals and accessory minerals is the source of Ca and Mg, in addition to cation exchange in the sedimentary formations. In general, the chemical composition of the groundwater in this area is influenced by rock–water interaction, dissolution and deposition of carbonate and silicate minerals, ion exchange, and surface water interactions.