Permian Tectonic Evolution in Southwestern Khanka Massif: Evidence from Zircon U‐Pb Chronology,Hf isotope and Geochemistry of Gabbro and Diorite

Laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) zircon U-Pb dating and geochemical data for the Permian gabbros and diorites in the Hunchun area are presented to constrain the regional tectonic evolution in the study area. Zircons from gabbro and diorite are euhedral-subhedral in shape and display fine-scale oscillatory zoning as well as high Th/U ratios (0.26–1.22), implying their magmatic origin. The dating results indicate that the gabbro and diorite formed in the Early Permian (282±2 Ma) and in the Late Permian (255±3 Ma), respectively. In addition, the captured zircons with the weighted mean age of 279±4 Ma are also found in the diorite, consistent with the formation age of the gabbro within uncertainty. The gabbros belong chemically to low-K tholeiitic series, and are characterized by low rare earth element (REE) abundances, flat REE pattern, weak positive Eu anomalies (δEu), and depletion in high field strength elements (HFSEs, Nb, Ta, and Ti), similar to the high-aluminum basalts from island arc setting. Initial Hf isotopic ratios of zircons from the gabbro range from +7.63 to +14.6, suggesting that its primary magma could be mainly derived from partial melting of a depleted lithospheric mantle. The diorites belong to middle K calc-alkaline series. Compared with the gabbros, the diorites have higher REE abundance, weak negative Eu anomalies, and more depletion in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, and Ti), similar chemically to the volcanic rocks from an active continental margin setting. Initial Hf isotopic ratios and Hf two-stage model ages of zircons from the diorite range from +11.22 to +14.17 and from 424 to 692 Ma, respectively, suggesting that its primary magma could be mainly derived from partial melting of the Early Paleozoic and/or Neoproterozoic accretted lower crust. Taken together, it is suggested that geochemical variations from the Early Permian gabbros to the Late Permian diorites reveal that the subduction of the Paleo-Asian oceanic plate beneath the Khanka Massif and collision between the arc and continent (Khanka Massif) happened in the late stage of the Late Paleozoic.     

晚古生代泛大陆聚合过程中板块碰撞的运动学分析

本文基于古板块再造方法,通过收集和筛选全球晚古生代古地磁数据,恢复再造泛大陆的构造格局及其聚合过程。晚古生代,全球板块的运动轨迹表明,全球板块整体以顺时针旋转的方式运动,聚合形成泛大陆。通过分析单个板块的运动学特征以及不同板块间的相对运动,表明在泛大陆聚合过程中,至少出现四种碰撞方式：① 追尾式碰撞：不同板块在同向运动过程中,板块运动速度存在差异,如前方板块速度慢于后方板块,则会造成其间洋盆逐渐收敛—关闭,如莱茵洋（海西造山带）、索伦洋（索伦山造山带）等。 ② 侧向式碰撞：两个板块运动轨迹大角度交叉,发生侧向碰撞,如波罗的板块向北运动过程中与向东北运动的西伯利亚板块碰撞,造成乌拉尔洋盆闭合,形成狭长的造山带。③ 错车式碰撞：两个板块,同向或者相向交错运动,在其侧翼发生走滑—斜向式聚合。如塔里木和华北板块转动方向相反,在侧翼斜向对接,以洋盆属性不明和走滑断层系发育为特征。④ 拥堵式碰撞：多个大板块之间汇聚区域的小陆块和地体发生多边汇聚,广泛出现岛弧增生和残余洋盆,如中亚造山带。     

Correlation of the middle devonian formations of Australia

In the Precambrian rocks west and southwest of the Mount Isa Fault three significant fold generations are recognized. Within individual successions, units containing an early phase of deformation are juxtaposed by a late fault against a sequence that does not share these earlier events.

Many of the large‐scale structures in the Judenan Beds are first‐generation folds, whereas west of the Judenan Beds the area is dominated by second‐generation folds. These two sets of folds are tentatively correlated and are referred to as the Judenan Folds. An earlier set of pre‐Judenan folding is only found in the units west of the Judenan Beds. One phase of the Sybella Granite is also associated with the Judenan folding. Later small‐scale folds associated with a crenulation cleavage are, however, of little regional importance and are commonly found only in zones of highly deformed rocks.     

The Cambrian metamorphic history of Tasmania: The Metapelites

The metamorphic complexes of Tasmania formed during the Cambrian (ca 510 Ma) as a result of rapid compression in a subduction zone setting followed by rapid exhumation, which brought various fault-bounded metamorphic complexes back to the surface in less than 5 Ma. The two highest grade complexes, the Franklin Metamorphic Complex, and the Port Davey Metamorphic Complex, experienced initial growth of metamorphic garnets at ～560°C, ～0.56 GPa. However, their subsequent metamorphic histories diverge, with the FMC displaying a marked increase in pressure (to 1.4 GPa at peak P/T), while the PDMC shows only a slight increase in pressure (to ～0.7 GPa). Both complexes show only a minor increase in temperature (～100°C) between initial garnet growth and peak metamorphic conditions. Rapid exhumation of these complexes can be accounted for by a slab-breakoff model. However, the difference in peak pressure between these complexes requires either continued subduction of the FMC while the PDMC had already begun its return towards the surface or that the subduction zone geometry resulted in significantly different pressures occurring contemporaneously within portions of the channel, which are not far removed from one another.     

Subduction,ophiolite genesis and collision history of Tethys adjacent to the Eurasian continental margin: new evidence from the Eastern Pontides,Turkey

This paper presents several types of new information including U–Pb radiometric dating of ophiolitic rocks and an intrusive granite, micropalaeontological dating of siliceous and calcareous sedimentary rocks, together with sedimentological, petrographic and structural data. The new information is synthesised with existing results from the study area and adjacent regions (Central Pontides and Lesser Caucasus) to produce a new tectonic model for the Mesozoic–Cenozoic tectonic development of this key Tethyan suture zone.

The Tethyan suture zone in NE Turkey (Ankara–Erzincan–Kars suture zone) exemplifies stages in the subduction, suturing and post-collisional deformation of a Mesozoic ocean basin that existed between the Eurasian (Pontide) and Gondwanan (Tauride) continents. Ophiolitic rocks, both as intact and as dismembered sequences, together with an intrusive granite (tonalite), formed during the Early Jurassic in a supra-subduction zone (SSZ) setting within the ?zmir–Ankara–Erzincan ocean. Basalts also occur as blocks and dismembered thrust sheets within Cretaceous accretionary melange. During the Early Jurassic, these basalts erupted in both a SSZ-type setting and in an intra-plate (seamount-type) setting. The volcanic-sedimentary melange accreted in an open-ocean setting in response to Cretaceous northward subduction beneath a backstop made up of Early Jurassic forearc ophiolitic crust. The Early Jurassic SSZ basalts in the melange were later detached from the overriding Early Jurassic ophiolitic crust.

Sedimentary melange (debris-flow deposits) locally includes ophiolitic extrusive rocks of boninitic composition that were metamorphosed under high-pressure low-temperature conditions. Slices of mainly Cretaceous clastic sedimentary rocks within the suture zone are interpreted as a deformed forearc basin that bordered the Eurasian active margin. The basin received a copious supply of sediments derived from Late Cretaceous arc volcanism together with input of ophiolitic detritus from accreted oceanic crust.

Accretionary melange was emplaced southwards onto the leading edge of the Tauride continent (Munzur Massif) during latest Cretaceous time. Accretionary melange was also emplaced northwards over the collapsed southern edge of the Eurasian continental margin (continental backstop) during the latest Cretaceous. Sedimentation persisted into the Early Eocene in more northerly areas of the Eurasian margin.

Collision of the Tauride and Eurasian continents took place progressively during latest Late Palaeocene–Early Eocene. The Jurassic SSZ ophiolites and the Cretaceous accretionary melange finally docked with the Eurasian margin. Coarse clastic sediments were shed from the uplifted Eurasian margin and infilled a narrow peripheral basin. Gravity flows accumulated in thrust-top piggyback basins above accretionary melange and dismembered ophiolites and also in a post-collisional peripheral basin above Eurasian crust. Thickening of the accretionary wedge triggered large-scale out-of-sequence thrusting and re-thrusting of continental margin and ophiolitic units. Collision culminated in detachment and northward thrusting on a regional scale.

Collisional deformation of the suture zone ended prior to the Mid-Eocene (~45?Ma) when the Eurasian margin was transgressed by non-marine and/or shallow-marine sediments. The foreland became volcanically active and subsided strongly during Mid-Eocene, possibly related to post-collisional slab rollback and/or delamination. The present structure and morphology of the suture zone was strongly influenced by several phases of mostly S-directed suture zone tightening (Late Eocene; pre-Pliocene), possible slab break-off and right-lateral strike-slip along the North Anatolian Transform Fault.

In the wider regional context, a double subduction zone model is preferred, in which northward subduction was active during the Jurassic and Cretaceous, both within the Tethyan ocean and bordering the Eurasian continental margin.     

Variscan plate dynamics in the circum-carpathian area

Abstract

Magmatic and metamorphic events, imprinted in the crystalline rocks of the so-called core mountains inside the Alpine structure of the Inner Carpathians, allow the re-construction of the history of the Rheic Ocean opening, its development and its final closure. Intra-Carpathian core-mountains are the remnants of the continents that drifted away from Gondwana and docked, initially, with Baltica as part of Avalonia and later on as parts of the Gondwana-derived Armorica Terrane Group or as a separate micro-continent.

All magmatic suites, mafic and felsic, present in the Carpathians core mountains, show similarities to those found in the European Variscan Belt. All described- and dated metamorphic and magmatic events also have equivalents in the evolution of the Caledonian-Variscan Belts of Europe. The most pronounced feature of all Carpathian core mountains is the syn-collisional, multistage I/S granitoid magmatism (370-340 Ma) related to subduction, mafic-magma influx, extensional decompression and slab melting. That episode marked the Laurussia - Gondwana collision and closure of the Rheic Ocean, as in the whole of Central and Western Europe.

The Carpathian core-mountains, currently dispersed inside the Alpine mountain chain, can be considered the broken fragments of the eastern prolongation of the Variscan orogenic belts – possibly part of the Moldanubian Unit.     

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床流体包裹体研究

河南省新县姚冲钼矿床产于大别造山带,属于陆-陆碰撞体制的斑岩型矿床,其流体成矿过程可以分为早、中、晚三个阶段,分别以石英+钾长石±黄铁矿±磁铁矿、石英±钾长石+辉钼矿±其他硫化物和石英±碳酸盐±萤石组合为标志.热液石英和萤石中发育纯CO2包裹体(PC型)、CO2-H2O型包裹体(C型)、水溶液包裹体(W型)和含子晶多相包裹体(S型).早阶段石英中发育纯CO2包裹体、CO2-H2O型包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,中阶段的石英则发育CO2-H2O型包裹体、水溶液包裹体和含子晶多相包裹体,在晚阶段的无矿石英脉中发育水溶液包裹体和少量的CO2-H2O型包裹体,石英-碳酸盐-(萤石)脉石英与萤石中只发育水溶液包裹体.早阶段流体包裹体的均一温度为277～ 380℃,集中于300～ 360℃,盐度变化于3.0％～10.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段包裹体均一温度介于185 ～ 351℃之间,集中在260～ 320℃,盐度介于2.4％ ～9.3％NaCleqv;晚阶段包裹体均一温度为139 ～245℃,盐度介于0.7％ ～6.3％ NaCleqv之间.中阶段多相包裹体中常见黄铜矿和其他透明子矿物,表明流体具有还原性、过饱和的特征,是矿石矿物沉淀的主要阶段.估算早、中阶段流体捕获压力分别集中于47 ～ 131MPa和26 ～118MPa,所对应的成矿深度分别约为4.7km和2.6～4.2km.上述流体包裹体的研究表明姚冲钼矿床的初始成矿流体具有高温、高盐度、富CO2的特征,同时预测了深部找矿潜能.     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩成因及构造背景

对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩进行系统的地球化学及 Sr--Nd 同位素研究,并对其岩石成因及构造意义进行了讨论。结果表明,该斑状花岗岩为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列的准铝质花岗岩; 岩石富碱、轻稀土和 Ｒb、Th、U、K、Pb 等大离子亲石元素,贫 Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf 等高场强元素,具有中等铕负异常。岩石锶初始值为 0. 715 61 ～0. 722 07,εNd( t) 为 －13. 9 ～ －12. 7,Nd 同位素模式年龄为2 025 ～2 153 Ma。揭示欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩为同碰撞 S 型花岗岩,主要来源于古老地壳物质的重熔,是 Kalahari 克拉通和 Congo 克拉通碰撞造山的产物。     

Discovery of Paleogene marine stratum along the southern side of Yarlung-Zangbo suture zone and its implications in tectonics

The final withering of Tibetan Tethys predicated the absolute retreat of seawater from Tibet, one of the most direct and valid marks of which is the age of the latest marine deposits in the area. Therefore, the dis-cussion on the closing age of Tibetan Tethys actuallyis the dating of the latest marine sediment in the area. In the study of late evolution of Tethys, the study on the latest marine sediments in southern Tibet is the major object of geologists. In this field, a lot of works have…     

深水褶皱冲断带的构造变形和油气地质特征

深水褶皱冲断带是目前全球油气勘探的重要领域,其构造变形和油气地质特征是勘探研究的主要内容。通过对不同地区深水褶皱冲断带的地震剖面解释和综合分析,结合沉积特征对其构造样式、变形特征和石油地质特征进行了研究。研究表明,在主动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘存在4种不同构造样式的深水褶皱冲断带,即:主动大陆边缘型深水褶皱冲断带;被动大陆边缘背景下的泥岩滑脱型、盐岩滑脱型和重力垮塌滑动型深水褶皱冲断带。由于他们具有不同的驱动机制、构造特征和演化特征,导致了其含油气性差别较大。主动大陆边缘背景下发育的深水褶皱冲断带主要发育倾向陆地的逆冲断层、叠瓦构造以及相关的褶皱构造,缺乏有效的烃源岩和储层。被动大陆边缘背景下发育的深水褶皱冲断带可以划分为伸展区、过渡区和挤压区3部分,并发育相关构造,其中泥岩滑脱型和盐岩滑脱型深水褶皱冲断带已经有大量的油气发现。