板岩地基渗漏性及帷幕处理设计

板岩隔水是相对的。随着水库规模不同,其透水性亦不同。总结和掌握板岩水文地质特性,结合所建工程规模大小,作出技术可行、经济的防渗处理,对工程勘察设计和施工都有着重要意义。本文通过对板岩风化、渗漏规模进行总结、归纳和分析,提出了板岩区水土建筑物防渗处理设计的一般方法。     

海底冷泉在旁扫声纳图像上的识别

海底冷泉是指来自海底沉积地层(或更深)的气体以喷涌或渗漏的方式注入海洋中的一种海洋地质现象,它普遍发育于主动大陆边缘和被动大陆边缘。海底冷泉研究在天然气水合物、全球气候变化、极端生物群落等研究方面都具有重要意义。利用实测的海上资料,通过分析水体声学剖面上的冷泉气柱、旁扫声纳图像上的亮斑异常以及柱状沉积物样品中天然气水合物等的对应关系,指出旁扫声纳图像上出现的亮斑异常是海底冷泉喷逸的指示。海底冷泉逸出的大量气泡遮蔽海底,从而形成一个强波阻抗界面,这个强波阻抗界面在旁扫声纳图像上形成亮斑异常。通过亮斑异常,可以判定海底冷泉的存在。旁扫声纳可以成为海底冷泉探测的有力方法。     

Development of sediment–landform associations at cold glacier margins,Dry Valleys,Antarctica

The impact of modern cold glaciers on arid periglacial landscapes has received little attention compared with other glacial regimes, and there is a widely held assumption that cold glaciers are not effective geomorphological agents, despite recent studies to the contrary. This paper focuses on the processes operating at the margins of a number of glaciers in the Dry Valleys of Victoria Land, notably the Wright Lower Glacier. The glaciers are entraining primarily older drift deposits and highly weathered regolith which texturally are sandy gravels, as well as well‐sorted sands of fluvial origin. Despite basal temperatures of the order of ?16°C, frozen layers and blocks of sand and gravel are being incorporated into the base of the glaciers by folding and thrusting. The sedimentary products are ridges and aprons several metres high within which the principal lithofacies are sand, gravel, foliated glacier ice, lake ice and snow. These facies are glaciotectonized strongly. Draped over these landforms is a veneer of well‐sorted aeolian sand up to half a metre thick. Supraglacial streams flowing off the glaciers incise these landforms and the sediment is redeposited as alluvial fans, lake deltas and lake‐bottomset deposits. Overall the sediment/landform association differs markedly from those of other glacial regimes, with sand and gravel being the dominant facies, while the usual indicators of glacier working (such as facets and striations on clasts) are lacking. The preservation potential for these landforms on a thousand‐year time scale is high, as modification in this arid regime by slope processes and running water is limited. Sublimation of buried ice is so slow that ridge features are likely to remain ice‐cored almost indefinitely, modified only by wind transport and weathering.     

塔河油田奥陶系古风化壳储层特征——兼论酸化压裂改造选层的原则

通过对塔里木盆地塔河３、４号油田奥陶系古风化壳储层特征的详细分析,认为古风化壳储层垂向结构模式有３种,平面上划分为３个次一级地貌单元,进而对储层进行评价。在此基础上还探讨了油气层伤害的原因,结合录井、测井等资料,提出了酸化压裂改造选井层的原则,经实践证明该原则对酸化压裂改造具有重要的指导作用。     

Molecular Cloning of a Cytosolic G6PDH Gene from Populus Suaveolens and Its Expression to Improve the Cold Resistance of Tobacco Plants

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH, EC 1.1.1.49) is the first and main regulated enzyme of oxidative pentose phosphate pathway (OPPP), catalyzing the conversion of glucose-6-phosphate to 6-phospho-gluconolactone and playing important roles in the growth and development of plants. It is preciously reported that the enhancement of freezing resistance of Populus suaveolens cuttings is clear related to the distinct increase in cytosolic G6PDH activity. Here, a 1697 bp cDNA fragment (PsG6PDH) is amplified by RT-PCR from cold-induced total RNA of the freezing-tolerant P. suaveolens . A sequence analysis showed that PsG6PDH coding region had 1 530 bp and encoded 510 predicted amino acid residues. Genomic Southern analysis revealed that the isoform is encoded by a few copies of the gene in the poplar genome. The cloned gene PsG6PDH is cloned into binary vector pBI121 and used to transform tobacco. PCR and Southern blotting results verified integration of this gene into the genome of tobacco. Moreover, cold treatment experiments and membrane defense enzyme activity analysis confirmed that overexpression of the PsG6PDH gene could enhance the tolerance to cold or frigid stresses in transgenic plants.     

四川省华蓥市矿山地质灾害问题及其防治研究

四川省华蓥市矿产资源丰富,矿业经济发展迅速,由采矿导致的地质灾害问题也日趋严重。矿山地质灾害是华蓥市突出的地质环境问题之一,各类地质灾害隐患总计92处。对华蓥市矿业开发存在的一系列矿山地质灾害进行了分析,对它们的成因进行了研究。针对华蓥市矿山地质灾害的特点,依据"以人为本"的原则确定治理对象,分别从滑坡与不稳定斜坡.崩塌.泥石流及地面塌陷4个方面提出具体的防治措施及建议。     

PHC桩穿越深厚密实砂层可打性分析及现场试验研究

由于PHC桩经在穿越深厚砂层过程中常造成桩头、桩身疲劳破坏,从而无法沉桩至设计标高。为综合分析此类工况下PHC桩的可打性,本文通过GRLWEAP软件对穿越深厚密实砂层工况的PHC桩进行打桩波动方程模拟,同时在工程现场开展高应变打桩监测试验。研究发现PHC桩穿越深厚密实砂层除了需要选择合理的打桩系统和打桩工艺外,还须采用引孔措施以及对桩身和桩靴进行必要的加强处理。为穿越深厚密实砂层工况下选用PHC桩的设计和施工提供了科学依据。     

北方集中供热系统气象风险评估初探

供热管网爆裂、跑冒滴漏是北方集中供热城市面临的常见问题,供热管网出现大型故障往往是在室外寒冷的隆冬时节,如果间断或限额供热时间过长,将会造成严重的社会和经济影响。同时在极端低温情况下,可能会造成热源供应不足,出现限额供热现象,不能保证室内舒适度,影响人们的正常生活。本文提出了能源供应气象风险评估和热网维修寒冷风险评估方法,并进行了案例评估,以期为未来进行相关风险评估提供参考。     

地震条件下挡土墙主动土压力及其分布的统一解

在非地震主动土压力公式的基础上,用微分薄层法给出了地震条件下主动土压力公式,其中填土面倾斜、墙背倾斜、填土为黏性土、墙背与填土间同时存在凝聚力c和内摩擦角? 作用、墙后破裂体存在水平向和竖向的地震加速度,目前所见的地震情况下和非地震情况下的主动土压力均是此公式的特例。对上述同一条件下的挡墙用过墙踵的整块破裂体作静力平衡分析（如库仑分析）,得到的总土压力与文中微分薄层法得到的总土压力大小相等,但微分薄层法作用点位置明显增加,研究表明：设计抗震和非抗震各类挡墙时要引起足够的重视。     

充填处理红宝石的鉴定

对红宝石的天然、合成、优化处理成因已有许多研究,其中有不少争议［１］。争议的焦点在于对其内含物（包裹体）的认识。因此,在鉴定工作中思路要宽,对内含物的一切可能成因要作全方位推断,然后一一甄别。１　测试样品及其一般宝石学特征１－１　测试样品本文测试样品为一条红宝石伴钻石手链,来自于广州市对一家有信誉的国营大公司的市场抽查。样品重７－５４ｇ,由１０粒规格为５－１×４－２ｍｍ的椭圆形刻面红宝石及１８粒圆形钻石组成,工艺精美,商家称为“镶嵌红宝石手链”。１－２　一般宝石学特征１０粒红宝石颜色统一,为较均…