移动地图应用模式及其空间认知功能研究

移动地图是随着地理信息技术、卫星定位技术和移动通信技术的发展出现的新的地图应用形式,为人们通过移动设备享用地理信息服务提供了方便。文章阐述了移动地图的概念及其特点,分析了移动地图的应用结构,从移动地图的内容选取、可视化方法和地图可用性三个方面详细分析了移动地图的空间认知特征,强调"以消费者为中心"在移动地图系统开发应用中的重要作用。     

Paleoarchean bedrock lithologies across the Makhonjwa Mountains of South Africa and Swaziland linked to geochemical,magnetic and tectonic data reveal early plate tectonic genes flanking subduction margins

The Makhonjwa Mountains, traditionally referred to as the Barberton Greenstone Belt, retain an iconic Paleoarchean archive against which numerical models of early earth geodynamics can be tested. We present new geologic and structural maps, geochemical plots, geo- and thermo-chronology, and geophysical data from seven silicic, mafic to ultramafic complexes separated by major shear systems across the southern Makhonjwa Mountains. All reveal signs of modern oceanic back-arc crust and subductionrelated processes. We compare the rates of processes determined from this data and balance these against plate tectonic and plume related models. Robust rates of both horizontal and vertical tectonic processes derived from the Makhonjwa Mountain complexes are similar, well within an order of magnitude, to those encountered across modern oceanic and orogenic terrains flanking Western Pacific-like subduction zones. We conclude that plate tectonics and linked plate-boundary processes were well established by 3.2-3.6 Ga. Our work provides new constraints for modellers with rates of a 'basket' of processes against which to test Paleoarchean geodynamic models over a time period close to the length of the Phanerozoic.     

使用Carto Vista软件构筑在线动态专题地图

专题地图是富有空间表现力的专题信息地图可视化工具,随着网络技术的发展,促进了网络与专题地图的结合,使得基于网络的专题信息的共享与交互操作变得日趋重要。本文简单介绍了Carto Vista软件的结构体系以及在网络专题制图过程中的优越性,并以安徽省专题数据库系统B/S平台为例,对利用Carto Vista软件进行网络专题地图制作方法、流程、特色等问题进行探讨与研究。经过实验与系统配置,取得了良好的效果,验证了Carto Vista在在线动态专题地图构筑中的可行性。     

Communicating Climate Change: Reinforcing Comprehension and Personal Ties to Climate Change Through Maps

Although climate change is highly prevalent in the media, people in Europe and the United States are often unsure about climate change terms, processes, and its personal consequences. In other words, climate change communication seems to be largely failing so far. Among other communication tools, maps are widely used for explanatory purposes by scientists and the media. Here two questions arise: first, whether high map complexity may be too intricate to be understood and discourage people from deciphering the map; and second, whether personal interest in climate change can be influenced by the phenomenon depicted or the map’s scale. In a survey conducted among 109 students in the USA, 63% of respondents preferred a simple map, but a substantial subset, 37%, asked for complexity to receive more information. Regional phenomena evoked more concern than far-off phenomena (concern level index difference of 0.93 on a 5-ranked Likert scale). The advantage of maps showing local areas could not be statistically confirmed.     

侧视地图中建筑物轮廓线提取的三维城市模型法

针对城市侧视地图上建筑物轮廓线主要依靠人工交互提取,成本高昂、效率低下且精细度和准确度有限的问题,提出了一种任意视角侧视地图中建筑物轮廓线的自动提取方法。采用深度缓冲区分割算法获取单个建筑物对象的颜色缓冲区,顾及了存在建筑群的情况和建筑物密集区域的遮挡问题,再基于颜色缓冲区追踪建筑物轮廓线。为了保持遮挡一致性且便于匹配提取出的矢量轮廓线与栅格侧视地图,本文还提出了基于投影空间分块加载三维城市模型的方法。最后,以武汉市典型三维城市模型数据为例,证明了该方法的有效性和可靠性。     

虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架初探

作为新一代地理分析工具,虚拟地理环境对于增强人类地理认知、分析解决地理问题方面具有显著优势。目前虚拟地理环境的基本框架、实现技术均有较多论述与成果。但在虚拟地理环境的认知研究方面尚缺乏有效指导。为提高虚拟地理环境构建的科学性,本文通过对虚拟地理环境现有概念的分析,提出从系统论角度进行虚拟地理环境认知研究的观点;并对虚拟地理环境的认知与地理认知、地图认知等相近概念进行了对比分析。从现实环境与虚拟环境间的相似性入手建立了虚拟地理环境的认知研究框架,该框架从思维相似、感觉相似、几何相似、特性相似和离散相似5个方面探讨了虚拟地理环境认知研究目前的着眼点,并将思维相似作为虚拟地理环境认知研究的重点与难点。该框架将虚拟地理环境的认知问题置于一个更广泛背景中进行研究,一方面体现了虚拟地理环境所具有的地理实验研究新平台的作用,另一方面重点强调了人的作用,对深入开展虚拟地理环境的研究具有重要意义。     

移动影像与规划专题信息终端平台建设与实现

探讨移动影像与规划专题信息终端平台的设计与部分功能实现。分析平台建设的背景和实现的技术路线;论述平台总体构架及功能设计。用实例阐述历史影像对比、专题加载和查询统计3个功能模块的实现,介绍ArcGIS Runtime SDK for Android、JSON和SQLite技术在本项目中的应用。     

An enhanced approach for modeling spatial accessibility for in vitro fertilization services in the rural Midwestern United States

Highly technological in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment is available at relatively few medical centers in rural United States. This research derives a spatial accessibility surface for IVF centers in a rural Midwestern state through the application of computational methods that consider spatial and non-spatial parameters to discover potentially underserved areas in the state. These methods include a modified gravity model and techniques from spatial interaction modeling. The approach develops an enhanced accessibility index that incorporates three key sociodemographic variables describing patients seeking infertility healthcare in Iowa that have been identified based on a survey of IVF care practitioners in the state. Self-organizing map techniques are used to reveal cluster locations based on the degree of match between census sociodemographic data and the expert-identified variables. The spatial accessibility surface is combined with the sociodemographic clusters to define an enhanced measure of spatial accessibility. The results suggest that while the state's IVF centers are located in tracts characterized by high spatial accessibility, at least 19% of patients travel from census tracts classed as moderate to low accessibility. This result reveals some opportunities for service improvements for these locations. Interestingly, for tracts that are characterized as having a lower patient sociodemographic match, high spatial accessibility does not appear to be a factor that improves the likelihood of patient care, at least for the variables investigated as part of this research.     

全球实时电离层模型精度分析——以CAS、CNES、NRCan及UPC产品为例

分析中国科学院（CAS）、法国国家空间研究中心（CNES）、加拿大自然资源部大地测量局（NRCan）和加泰罗尼亚理工大学（UPC）2021-01～08的全球实时电离层格网(RT-GIM)产品的精度。结果表明：1）以IGS事后全球电离层格网（GIM）为参考,CAS、CNES、NRCan和UPC产品的RMS分别为3.93 TECu、4.01 TECu、4.50 TECu和3.86 TECu;2）以基准站dSTEC为参考,CAS、CNES、NRCan和UPC产品的STD分别为4.42 TECu、4.40 TECu、4.96 TECu和4.42 TECu。在全球范围内选取21个测站进行连续7 d的定位测试,以高程方向残差95%分位数统计不同实时电离层产品的定位增益。相比于广播电离层模型的定位结果,CAS、CNES、NRCan和UPC产品在北半球高程方向的定位精度分别提升11.9%、18.3%、3.4%和15.5%。     

基于地名认知率的北京城市认知空间结构

基于对北京市居民空间认知的3500份调查问卷数据,采用了ARCGIS的空间插值和Geoda095i软件的空间自相关的数理统计方法,分析北京市居民的认知空间结构。研究得到四点结论：①认知地点的类型并不是影响认知率的因素。②居民对北京市的空间认知呈现出西高东低的“>”形格局,在西北—东南方向隆起动物园和北京火车站两个认知高峰,鞍部为低认知率的东方新天地和sogo崇光百货。③居民认知呈现明显的空间相关性和尺度依赖性。地名认知在较小的空间尺度上为高—高、低—低集聚的趋同性,在较大的空间尺度上表现为高-低集聚的趋异性,两者的转换尺度为城市居民日常生活空间的半径6 km左右。④北京城市的认知空间可细分为北海公园、中友百货、动物园和城乡贸易中心四个次级认知区域,次级认知区域为同质的高认知区,内部包含多个认知高峰。