地图学技术发展中的几点理论思考

文中分析总结了地图表达形式、价值能力、评价标准、设计者和使用者相互关系以及符号认知规律等的历史演变,提出在当今的全球网络时代,地图学理论工作者和地图系统研发者有责任重新定义地图的范畴并采用可用性作为地图的评价标准.就地图科学的发展趋势而言,作者以为3维仿真虚拟地理环境的普及给地图学提供了新的生长点,而正在兴起的3维非仿真虚拟地理环境将进一步保持和发扬传统地图的科学价值并使可视化技术走向可视化学.     

A Map for a Group of Resonant Cases in a quartic Galactic Hamiltonian

We present a map for the study of resonant motion in a potential made up of two harmonic oscillators with quartic perturbing terms. This potential can be considered to describe motion in the central parts of non-rotating elliptical galaxies. The map is based on the averaged Hamiltonian. Adding on a semi-empirical basis suitable terms in the unperturbed averaged Hamiltonian, corresponding to the 1:1 resonant case, we are able to construct a map describing motion in several resonant cases. The map is used in order to find thex − p _x Poincare phase plane for each resonance. Comparing the results of the map, with those obtained by numerical integration of the equation of motion, we observe, that the map describes satisfactorily the broad features of orbits in all studied cases for regular motion. There are cases where the map describes satisfactorily the properties of the chaotic orbits as well.     

基于ArcGIS的土地利用现状地图缩编方法研究

采用陕西省凤县二调1∶1万土地利用数据库作为实验数据,将ArcGIS9.2的自动制图综合功能与人工处理相结合,制作1∶5万凤县土地利用现状图.文章提出的制作过程具有简单,成图速度快,且成图质量较高等优点.     

多尺度地图的水系面目标与线目标匹配方法与实验

目标匹配是实现多比例尺地图数据变化探测和更新的一个关键技术,它是依据几何、拓扑、语义等来进行判断的。同一地物在多比例尺地图中表达方式各异,甚至差异很大,可将较大比例尺面目标与较小比例尺线目标间的匹配模式归纳为6种：1∶0、1∶1、0∶1、1∶M、N∶1和N∶M。本文通过计算较小比例尺线目标的最小约束矩形(简记为MBR)...     

译者概念化与语义形成的认知机制研究——兼论翻译过程研究的综合理论方法

通过融合认知语言学的心理空间和概念整合理论以及语境参数理论,构建一个综合性的理论分析框架,可以对译者在双语转换过程中的动态操作机制进行可证性描述,且多理论融合的研究方法可以拓展译学理论研究的空间。     

城市社区微观空间意象研究——基于南京居民250份手绘草图的比较

选取南京封闭社区与开放社区相互邻近的4个对比组共8个居住社区,对其居民的社会属性、生活习惯和社区空间感知特征进行了问卷调查,并从250份手绘草图中提取和统计相关数据,据此分析城市居民社区空间意象地图的主要类型与构成要素.研究发现,居民的社会属性是影响人们社区空间意象的决定性因素,性别、年龄、收入和居住时间的差异导致居民...     

Global Dynamics in Self-Consistent Models of Elliptical Galaxies

We compare two different N-body models simulating elliptical galaxies. Namely, the first model is a non-rotating triaxial N-body equilibrium model with smooth center, called SC model. The second model, called CM model, is derived from the SC by inserting a central mass in it, so that all possible differences between the two models are due to the effect of the central mass. The central mass is assumed to be mainly due to a massive central black hole of mass about 1% of the total mass of the galaxy. By using the fundamental frequency analysis, the two systems are thoroughly investigated as regards the types of orbits described either by test particles, or by the real particles of the systems at all the energy levels. A comparison between the orbits of test particles and the orbits of real particles at various energy levels is made on the rotation number plane. We find that extensive stable regions of phase space, detected by test particles remain empty, i.e. these regions are not occupied by real particles, while many real particles move in unstable regions of phase space describing chaotic orbits. We run self-consistently the two models for more than a Hubble time. During this run, in spite of the noise due to small variations of the potential, the SC model maintains (within a small uncertainly) the number of particles moving on orbits of each particular type. In contrast, the CM model is unstable, due to the large amount of mass in chaotic motion caused by the central mass. This system undergoes a secular evolution towards an equilibrium state. During this evolution it is gradually self-organized by converting chaotic orbits to ordered orbits mainly of the short axis tube type approaching an oblate spheroidal equilibrium. This is clearly demonstrated in terms of the fundamental frequencies of the orbits on the rotation number plane and the time evolution of the triaxiality index.     

认知地图的地理学研究进展与展望

认知地图作为人对人地关系复杂系统进行抽象化和秩序化的内在表征,是个体空间行为决策、空间认知与空间规划的理论基础,也是地理学的重要研究领域之一。论文通过CiteSpace文献学分析方法并结合经典文献回顾,从多学科视角系统梳理认知地图1948—2020年共70余年的发展脉络与研究热点。研究认为,认知地图在地理学的学科发展过程中扮演了重要角色,特别是在认知空间与城市意象、空间扭曲与空间偏好、空间知识与决策行为等方面丰富了地理学内涵。近期与地理学有关的认知地图跨学科研究出现3大转向：大数据时代重新定义认知空间与城市意象的数字转向,以特定群体或事件的空间偏好为切入点的情感转向,以第一人称视角解译空间知识与决策行为的神经转向。最后指出认知地图空间分析的地理学在跨学科融合发展中的角色与应用前景。     

Generation of schematic network maps with automated detection and enlargement of congested areas

Nowadays, the design of the London Tube map (as a kind of schematic map) has been popularly adopted for transport network maps worldwide because of its great clarity of representation. In such types of map, the shape of the network is simplified and the topology between lines is preserved while the congested areas are enlarged to a desirable scale. Efforts have also been made to automate the production of such maps. However, to our best knowledge, no existing methods have explicitly taken into consideration the automated enlargement of congested areas. As such an enlargement is vital to the improvement of clarity, this paper proposes a new automated method to generate schematic network maps, consisting of (a) automated detection of congested areas, (b) automated enlargement of congested areas to a desirable scale and (c) automated generation of the schematic representation of the deformed network maps using a stroke-based approach. The new method has been tested with two real-life network data sets, i.e. the London Tube and Hong Kong metro data sets, and evaluated by fractal analysis and experimental studies. The results of the evaluation indicate that the new method is able to automatically generate the schematic maps with improved clarity and aesthetics.