机场多普勒天气雷达双机备份技术及可靠性分析

为了提高天气雷达不间断运行的效率,满足保障航空飞行安全的需要,采用目前国际上最新且成熟的雷达技术、计算机技术和网络通讯技术,实现天气雷达主体部分双机互为冗余备份,使天气雷达系统达到的任务可靠性指标≥10000小时,较目前的机场多普勒天气雷达可靠性指标提高8倍以上,从而大大提高机场天气雷达的保障能力。     

建立乌鲁木齐国际机场临空经济区的战略思考

随着机场规模的扩大,客货运量的大幅增加,航线网络在全球的扩展,机场对周边地区的土地利用模式产生了一定的影响,这种影响将引起机场周边地区的经济结构、产业结构随之改变,最终逐渐形成一个对区域经济发展起到重要推动作用的临空经济区域。乌鲁木齐国际机场是全国第5大门户机场,但长期以来仅作为航空运输的节点,功能单一,机场周边地区的经济并未得到长足的发展。首先介绍了临空经济区的概念和发展背景,总结分析国内外大机场周边发展临空经济的经验,然后结合乌鲁木齐机场和腹地经济的现实情况,提出建立乌鲁木齐机场临空经济区的构想,并就临空经济区的产业发展方向和布局进行了探讨。     

多年冻土地区机场跑道修筑技术现状

我国分布有大面积的多年冻土, 根据我国机场建设的中长期规划, 未来将在多年冻土区修建大量机场, 这些机场的修建将不能避免多年冻土问题. 国内关于冻土区机场跑道修筑的经验非常有限, 国外则开始的较早, 并积累了一些经验. 总结分析国内外多年冻土区机场跑道修筑技术的现状, 其跑道类型主要有: 基岩跑道、开挖换填法修筑的跑道、铺设隔热层的跑道、安装热管的跑道, 共4类. 由于我国多年冻土区的特殊性, 国外的跑道修筑经验只能在一定程度上参考. 由于飞机跑道不同于铁(公)路的特殊性, 近年国内在冻土区铁(公)路的修建过程中采用的稳定冻土地基的工程措施如何应用到机场跑道的建设上, 仍需进一步研究、验证和实践. 将来在我国多年冻土区修建机场跑道, 应结合国外已有的技术和经验, 并以我国在多年冻土区线性工程中已取得的经验作为基础, 进一步研究我国多年冻土区机场跑道修筑的关键技术.     

硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理换填覆重法研究

盐胀是硫酸盐渍土的主要危害,硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理的关键在于减少盐胀。通过不同荷载作用下的盐胀试验,研究了荷载对不同压实度、不同含盐量的硫酸盐渍土盐胀的抑制效果,拟合了盐胀经验公式,探讨了换填覆重法硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理。压实度不宜太高,在满足道面承载力的条件下建议在90%～95%之间取值;道面2 m以下可以填弱盐渍土,建议含盐量不要超过0.5%;水分危险点危害最大,必须重视排水设计。给出了确定换填覆重法最小荷载及最小厚度的方法。计算表明,覆重荷载50 kPa基本能抑制含盐量小于0.5%的硫酸盐渍土的盐胀,采用砂砾石材料最小覆重层厚度约2 m。换填覆重法在西北地区硫酸盐渍土机场地基处理中具有较好的应用前景。     

人防工程平战转换浅谈

人防工程是城市地下工程的重要组成部分,是一个城市抗灾救灾不可缺少的生命线工程。通过对地下建筑工程的平战转换设计、施工、建筑材料的开发和研究,做到非人防工程在战时、自然灾害情况下能顺利、限时、安全地转换为地下掩护体。     

Aviation-Contrail Impacts on Climate and Climate Change: A Ready-to-Wear Research Mantle for Geographers

Although geographers are highly visible in research into contemporary climate changes accompanying greenhouse gas increases (“global warming”), a relatively little explored component by them is the impact of aviation. This contrasts with the atmospheric science community of cloud physicists, chemists, and numerical modelers, who use geographic tools of trade. Geographers are well positioned to investigate aviation-climate impacts, especially related to contrail clouds, given geographic traditions of environment, spatial variation, regionalization, generalization, and the integrative approach to studying physical and human systems (here, climate, transportation, and energy). We highlight the role played by geographers in contrail-climate studies and advocate for a broader involvement in aviation policy formulation.     

Spatial Scale and Population Assignment Choices in Environmental Justice Analyses 1

Abstract

Environmental justice laws protect certain populations against discriminatory actions that may result from a myriad of enterprises, including transportation activities. Previous environmental equity studies examining the effects of transportation-engendered externalities have been criticized on several points, including (1) that the choice of a reference population for comparison to the criterion variable may influence the outcome of research results and (2) that the selection and use of inappropriate methodologies intended to identify and characterize populations may foreordain research outcomes. This article examines the potentially confounding effects of selected spatial scale and population assignment strategies as applied to a study of excessive noise levels at a large Midwestern airport, finding that reported outcomes can vary significantly as a function of methodological choices.     

全球导航卫星系统在民用航空中的应用

分析了民用航空应用对全球导航卫星系统性能的严格要求。介绍了GPS系统对其精度、完好性等性能进行增强的措施,及在民用航空中的应用,进一步介绍了未来多卫星导航系统为满足航空应用需求而做的努力。介绍了卫星导航系统目前在我国民用航空中的应用情况,强调了未来卫星导航系统对我国航空应用的重要意义。     

空港经济区范围界定——以长三角枢纽机场为例

针对空港经济区相关研究一直依附于临空经济发展研究的现状,在分析空港经济区与临空经济区相互关系的基础上,明确了空港经济区概念,提出空港经济区范围界定方法：①紧邻机场区域的建成区形成与否是判别空港经济区是否形成的依据之一;②参照国内外成熟空港建设经验,对5km半径范围和15分钟时间覆盖区域分别进行圈层划分,进而计算各圈层内部各类临空指向产业比重,由此确定空港经济区所在圈层;③根据企业空间布局,对基础圈层进行一定变形,并结合实证地区实际情况,对比分析同心圆圈层分析与时间半径分析结果,以确定空港经济区最终范围。对长三角枢纽机场的实证研究表明,上海虹桥国际机场已经形成以机场为中心,外延2km的空港经济区,可达性分析表明,这一范围大致为空港交通走廊沿线6分钟车程内的高可达性地区。而南京禄口国际机场和无锡硕放国际机场由于周边区域产业的临空指向性较弱,尚未形成空港经济区。     

Globalization, tourism and local living conditions on Jamaica's north coast

Jamaica's tourism industry has grown rapidly in recent decades, with significant implications for national development. However, the distribution of the benefits from this growth sector has been socially and spatially uneven. Drawing on substantial data sets collected through a variety of participatory research practices, this paper assesses the socioeconomic and environmental challenges facing the residents of Montego Bay and Falmouth on Jamaica's north coast, the main site for tourism development in the country. The research involved training community residents as researchers, and used traditional quantitative methods alongside techniques borrowed from participatory rapid appraisal.
The local society and economy are clearly shown to be affected by processes of globalization and mobility. However, existing patterns of national economic development – including the expansion of the tourism industry – have failed to alleviate the social and environmental problems faced by relatively powerless members of the Jamaican society. In contrast, the most effective responses to this situation have involved stakeholder groups negotiating and breaking down entrenched scaled relationships through the mobilization of particular forms of social networks.