水下冲孔灌注桩在工程中的应用

分析水下冲孔灌注桩在地下水较为丰富,同时穿越流沙层,圆砾混卵石层等复杂地质条件施工中的质量控制及桩基方案的应用,,并对冲孔灌注桩轴线尺寸容易发生偏位的质量通病和泥浆排放是城市桩基文明施工的难题提出了有效的治理方案,实践证明桩型的选用和施工质量控制方法是正确的,也得到了明显的效果。     

国内外生产性服务业与制造业互动发展的研究进展

20世纪70年代以来,生产性服务业对经济发展推动作用的凸现引起了学术界的广泛关注。生产性服务业与制造业的互动发展是其研究热点之一。本文从生产性服务业与制造业的互动关系、区位特点和研究方法三个方面,对国内外相关研究进展进行文献综述,提出新背景下我国生产性服务业与制造业互动发展的地理学研究方向。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Latin America: Case Studies . Richard G. Boehm and Sent Visser Locality and Rurality: Economy and Society in Rural Regions . Tony Bradley And Philip Lowe The City and the Grassroots . Manuel Castells Geopolitics and Conflict in South America. Quarrels among Neighbors . Jack Child Post-Industrial America: A Geographical Perspective . David Clark Coastal Research: UK Perspectives . Malcolm W. Clark A Rural Policy for the EEC? Hugh Clout Peasant Agriculture in Assam: A Structural Analysis . M. M. Das . Environmental Change and Tropical Geomorphology . I. Douglas and T. Spencer Advances in Abandoned Settlement Analysis: Application to Prehistoric Anthrosols in Colombia, South America . Robert C. Eidt Measuring Culture . Jonathan L. Gross and Steve Rayner North America: A Human Geography . Paul Guinness and Michael Bradshaw A Geographical Bibliography for American Libraries . Chauncy D. Harris et al. Geography and the Urban Environment: Progress in Research and Applications, Vol. VI . D. T. Herbert and R. J. Johnston Changes in Global Climate: A Study of the Effect of Radiation and Other Factors During the Present Century . K. Ya . Kondrat'ev . Rural Development and the State: Contradictions and Dilemmas in Developing Countries . David A. M. Lea and D. P. Chaudhri The Martial Metropolis: U.S. Cities in War and Peace . Roger W. Lotchin The Climate of the Earth . Paul E. Lydolph . Weather and Climate . Paul E. Lydolph . Spatial Divisions of Labor: Social Structures and the Geography of Production . Doreen Massey . Panorama of the Soviet Union . N. Mikhailov . Soviet Armenia . K. S. Demirchian . USSR: Geography of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period . K. Spidchenko . Planung und Verwirklichung der Wiener Ringstrassenzone (Planning and Materialization of the Ringstrasse-Zone of Vienna). Kurt Mollik , Hermann Reining , Rudolf Wurzer . The American West Transformed: The Impact of the Second World War Gerald D. Nash . An Overview of the Survey of Income and Program Participation . Dawn Nelson , David Mc Millen, and Daniel Kasprzyk . Phenomenology, Science and Geography: Spatiality and the Human Sciences . John Pickles . Biological Diversification in the Tropics . Ghillean T. Prance Die Wanderviehwirtschaft im gebirgigen Westen der U.S.A. und ihre Auswirkungen im Naturraum . Gisbert Rinschede . Social and Economic Aspects of Radioactive Waste Disposal: Considerations for Institutional Management . World-Wide Weather . K. Takahashi Coastal Geomorphology in Australia . B. G. Thom Settlement System in Rural India: A Case Study of the Lower Ganga-Yamuna Doab . Ram Chandra Tiwari . Computer Programming for Geographers . David J. Unwin and John A. Dawson . Late Quaternary Environments of the Soviet Union . A. A. Velichko, ed . H. E. Wright , Jr. and C. W. Barnosky Ethics in Planning . Martin Wachs     

西安咸阳国际机场污水排放口潜在滑坡稳定性分析

对西安咸阳国际机场污水排放口潜在滑坡的工程地质勘察结果表明,该滑坡处于极限平衡状态。采用B ish-op法参数反演和直快剪试验结果,分别用二维、三维极限平衡法和二维、三维有限元法,对该滑坡进行稳定性计算。结果表明：有限元法（二维、三维）的计算结果偏大,二维极限平衡法的计算结果最小;极限平衡法（二维、三维）与二维有限元法宜选取试验结果的大值平均值,三维有限元法则取试验结果的小值平均值较为合理。最后,根据三维有限元法的计算结果,提出了削坡压脚的防护措施。     

“Playing the game”, identity and perception-of-the-other in water cooperation in the Jordan River Basin

ABSTRACT

The concept of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has enjoyed immense popularity and thus has been the preferred approach for river basin management. IWRM generally has a strong focus on rational choice, based on a technocratic conceptual interpretation of the conventional hydrological cycle. However, uncritical acceptance of IWRM runs the risk of blinding policy makers and academics for the defining impact of context, socio-cultural, political, historical and cognitive dimensions in water cooperation. Human behaviour in water cooperation was tested and observed during eight experiments with the Jordan River Basin Boardgame Exercise (JRBBE) played with respondent groups from inside and outside the Jordan River Basin. The experiments consisted of one control group outside the basin and seven respondent groups both outside and inside the basin. This article argues that the role of identities, beliefs and perception-of-the-other, should be taken more into account in order to develop successful and socio-political sustainable river basin management.

EDITOR D. Koutsoyiannis; ASSOCIATE EDITOR not assigned     

The role of consumption and globalization in a cultural industry: The case of flamenco

The rise of cultural industries is in part facilitated by the rise of leisure and entertainment in the advanced industrialized economies. This article explores one such example, taking ‘ethnic’ art, flamenco, and examining the role of consumption in shaping flamenco, both as an art form and as an industry. The global reach of the flamenco industry is assessed by focusing on two major markets, Japan and the United States. It suggests the presence of a geographic paradox in contemporary cultural industries, which, on the one hand, points to the need to retain their place-based identity, and on the other hand, indicates the need for regional cultures to establish links to export markets for their survival. It also shows that contemporary cultural change is not a unilateral process of the global invading the local. Rather, it is a process of consumers interpreting, appropriating, and adopting a cultural commodity in their own terms.     

The (ir)relevance of geography for school choice: Evidence from a Swedish choice experiment

The increased opportunity to choose one’s school of preference has been raised as a key factor in many countries to promote equal opportunities and a higher quality of education. This has been endorsed by policymakers who assume that students make well-informed rational choices and that students stress only academic quality when deciding which school to attend. If this is true, it will benefit schools of high academic quality, rendering improved school quality overall. To date, little research has examined the validity of these assumptions despite the profound effects they have had for changing the school systems in many countries. This article describes an experiment to investigate the relative importance of factors in school choice. The aim is to test the validity of the theoretical assumptions that guided the school choice reforms in Sweden. Specifically, we draw on experimental data from prospective upper secondary school students in Sweden to contrast the principal school quality attributes behind the policy change (knowledge reputation and program feasibility), with the presence of friends and geographical attributes such as distance, location and accessibility, while controlling for individual characteristics. The results have important policy implications as they show that geographical factors are highly relevant for school choice preferences. In contrast to the reforms’ intentions, geography appears to have become more important than ever before. The findings thus reveal significant flaws in the assumptions that motivated the school choice policy reform.     

川西大型战略性新兴产业矿产基地勘查进展及其开发利用研究

四川西部阿坝、甘孜和凉山三州矿产资源丰富, 而且矿种齐全, 稀有、稀土和稀散金属矿产相互配套, 尤其是以牦牛坪为代表的稀土和以甲基卡为代表的稀有金属矿床都是全国知名的大型超大型优质关键矿产, 对于战略性新兴产业的发展至关重要。此外, 川西还有以大水沟独立碲矿以及伴生在有色金属和铁矿中的钒、钛资源, 也都是战略性新兴产业发展必不可少的关键矿产。川西的锂矿资源丰富, 硬岩型锂矿储量国内第一, 而且品位高, 宜采选, 工艺成熟, 经济效益好。除了甲基卡之外, 还有石渠扎乌龙、马尔康党坝等一系列同类型的大中型锂矿, 为锂矿工业的发展提供了充分的资源保障。在甲基卡新发现的新三号脉(X03), 是目前世界上已知最富集6Li的锂矿脉(盐湖锂一般富集7Li), 6Li又是制造氢弹等核武器和今后实现可控核聚变发电的关键原材料, 战略意义十分重大。无论是正在开采的甲基卡、李家沟、党坝还是尚未开发的扎乌龙等硬岩型锂矿, 都是轻金属矿产地, 总体上处于承载力较强、风险较小的地理环境, 只要加强管控, 矿业开发对环境的影响是完全可控的。川西地区矿业开发的外部条件正在改善, 尤其是交通条件的改善和以脱贫致富为目标的民族政策的落实, 一方面为新兴产业的发展创造了外部条件, 另一方面也为改变民族地区的落后面貌提供了机遇。川西地区尤其是成都、绵阳、德阳、雅安、攀枝花等大中型城市具有资金、技术、人才等方面的优势, 不但可为新兴产业的发展提供多方面的支持, 其本身也是一个巨大的市场。总之, 川西大型战略性新兴产业矿产资源基地的建设, 不但有助于为国家提供关键矿产的资源保障, 也是社会经济发展的迫切需要, 既符合国家目标, 也符合人民利益, 应该加强地质勘查、综合利用与高端开发。     

芦苇湿地共域繁殖的4种雀形目鸟类的巢址选择和繁殖成效比较

鸟类的巢址选择对其繁殖成效具有重要影响。对共域繁殖的不同鸟种繁殖策略的比较,有助于理解鸟类生活史对策的进化。为此,我们在河北永年洼湿地对利用芦苇繁殖的4种鸟类即东方大苇莺(Acrocephalus orientalis)、钝翅苇莺(Acrocephalus concinens)、震旦鸦雀(Paradoxornis heudei)和棕头鸦雀(Sinosuthora webbiana)的巢址选择和繁殖成效进行了比较。结果表明,尽管四种鸟类开始繁殖的时间明显不同,但其巢址、巢型和巢结构均类似,并在同一研究地内镶嵌分布,仅在巢离水面的高度、筑巢芦苇的高度和巢址样方内的芦苇密度三个变量参数上存在显著差异。四种鸟类在两个繁殖季的繁殖成效均较低,其中东方大苇莺为34.5%(86/249),钝翅苇莺为35.3%(6/17),震旦鸦雀为38.5%(15/39),棕头鸦雀为40.9%(9/22)。影响繁殖成效的主要生态因子包括巢捕食和恶劣天气如暴雨和强风暴,而被大杜鹃(Cuculuscanorus)寄生则是导致东方大苇莺繁殖成功率较低的主要原因。我们的研究表明,同域繁殖的鸟类可以通过繁殖时间的错峰和巢址的分化等而实现共存。     

基于多代理人的零售业空间结构模拟

中心地理论的提出由来已久,但对现实中多种因素复杂作用下的中心地体系进行实证研究并指导规划实践一直难以开展。传统模拟研究方法采用数学线性规划的思路,通过优化目标函数来实现对中心地体系的还原与考察,但复杂程度有限,难以用于实证研究和实践。多代理人技术的出现提供了新的研究思路。本文介绍笔者开发的一个零售业空间结构模拟系统。该系统以多代理人技术为基础,通过模拟商业中心和消费者两类代理人的行为,得出商业中心结构分布。商业中心被分为3 个等级,可以根据经营收入调整空间位置和自身服务等级;消费者以一定的频率产生不同等级的购物需求,并以距离为指标选择商业中心作为出行目的地。模拟过程从产生一定数量的一级商业中心开始,经过循环模拟消费者选择行为和商业中心的位置等级调整,最终达到商业中心等级和空间分布的平衡状态。作为对这个模拟系统的检验,分别对5 种典型的消费者空间分布场景进行模拟,包括：均匀分布、单中心、卫星城、分散组团、带形组团。结果表明这个系统的模拟性能稳定,生成的商业中心结构合理。