西藏产业的可持续发展问题研究

西藏是中国自然资源最富集地区之一,但自然生态环境脆弱、经济发展至今仍相当落后。要保护改善生态环境、摆脱贫困落后、走向持续繁荣,就必须改变传统的产业发展模式,走产业可持续发展道路,努力实现产业的资源化、特色化、社会化与生态化。既要注重自然与人文资源的多元化综合开发,充分发挥资源优势构筑高原特色产业;又要推动各民族人民普遍参与共同繁荣,促进一、二、三产业的协调持续发展。只有这样,才有可能确保高原独特生态系统的良性循环,合理开发利用丰富资源,加快推进区域可持续发展的现代化进程。     

城市广告业集群分布模式——以深圳为例

广告业是商品经济和消费文化的必然结果,世界发达国家的广告业具有明显的创意和文化产业之特点。我国广告业在改革开放以后获得了恢复和快速发展。以深圳为例,将广告业作为文化产业服务与生产体系,采用广告业业内人士的分类框架,建构和分析了深圳广告产业的基本结构特点。运用GIS空间分析工具,识别了广告业在城市空间的分布和集群形态。结合对广告公司的深入访谈,提出广告业集群的形成和关联机制具有广告主主导型、媒体依赖型、产业关联型、成本导向型、环境氛围导向型和社会关系型等6种模式。由“广告公司-广告主-广告媒介”组成的三角博弈关系以及三方各自可能到达的地理空间范围,共同作用,构成了广告公司生存、发展、区位选择、空间流动和地域拓展的核心动力机制,任何一方的实力和地理空间变化都可能影响一个城市和地域整体广告业的生态格局。     

Social license and the fear of Mineras Interruptus

This review article offers a critique of the social license concept, and of the debate surrounding it. In order to best understand what is meant by “social license”, one must look beyond its constituent terminology and instead examine the core drivers of contemporary mining practice. The working assumption inside the industry is that if disapproval becomes too intense there is a chance that members of the community will interrupt mining activities. This is what I refer to as ‘the fear of Mineras Interruptus’. If there is any meaning to attribute to the term ‘social license to operate’ – it is to be found in the fear of losing access – because other factors relating to social performance or benefits are considered peripheral. The author argues that the mining industry’s adoption and application of the concept should be viewed critically and not promoted on face value.     

The unresolved controversy over nuclear power: A new approach from complexity theory

We explore the controversy over nuclear power by looking at the plurality of narratives that have emerged throughout its history. We find a lack of consistency between the visions of nuclear power put forward by governments and industry and the experience associated with economic viability, nuclear accidents, waste handling, and so on. We use the conceptual tool of holon from complexity theory to provide a link between the models used for the governance of nuclear power and the realization of those models. The analysis of the holon over time reveals a systemic inconsistency between the way in which the story about nuclear energy is told and the experience gained after implementing nuclear energy according to the story. This inconsistency is due to the incompatible levels of observation used by different social actors endorsing different perspectives. The implementation of nuclear power has been based on the engineering view, focusing on the functioning of the nuclear power plant considered in abstraction from the wider implications of the adoption of this technology on the environment, on the economy, and on society. We cross-check this narrative with the societal metabolism view in order to provide a long term perspective of the interdependencies between nuclear power and the complex socio-economic system in which it is embedded. We conclude that the controversy over nuclear power may be treated as a problem of contrasting beliefs and normative values in clear disjunction from experience. The analysis presented in this paper suggests that more attention should be given to the quality of the narratives used in policy making.     

Policy Change and Venue Choices: Field Burning in Idaho and Washington

Grass seed farmers have burned their fields in Idaho and Washington State for decades. Field burning, however, creates small particulate matter air pollution, thus engendering a growing public backlash by the 1990s that manifested itself in new clean air advocacy groups. The new groups’ push for policy change eventually met with significant success in both cases. How did each set of advocates approach the challenge of policy change? More specifically, what kinds of policy venues did each group choose and why? This research uses the cases to explore and explain each clean air group's choices vis-à-vis hypotheses of venue choice. Three hypotheses are tested—Schattschneider's (1960 Schattschneider , E. E. 1960 . The semisovereign people . New York , NY : Holt, Rinehart, and Winston . [Google Scholar]) “expanded scope of conflict” thesis, ACF's (Sabatier and Jenkins-Smith 1999 Sabatier , P. , and H. Jenkins-Smith . 1999 . The advocacy coalition framework: An assessment . In Theories of the policy process , ed. P. A. Sabatier , 117 – 166 . Boulder , CO : Westview Press . [Google Scholar]) contention that groups strategically apply their resources in order to increase the likelihood of achieving their primary goal(s), and Pralle's (2003 Pralle , S. B. 2003 . Venue shopping, political strategy, and policy change . J. Public Policy 23 : 233 – 260 .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 2010 Pralle , S. B. 2010 . Shopping around: Environmental organizations and the search for policy venues . In Advocacy organizations and collective action , ed. A. Prakash and M. K. Gugerty , 177 – 203 . Cambridge , MA : Cambridge University Press .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]) thesis that internal group constraints deter groups from moving into new venues.     

重力异常延拓计算积分半径的选择及远区效应

基于球谐展开和两分量模型,推导了基于Poisson积分方程的重力异常延拓的远区效应截断误差的函数表达;研究了近区半径、移去重力场阶次、延拓高度与远区效应截断误差之间的相互关系.数值分析表明,当延拓高度为1 000m时,移去360阶的重力场模型,积分半径大于0.5°能保证远区效应截断误差可以忽略;当移去2160阶的重力场...     

干旱区城镇主导产业选择模型及评价体系分析与实证——以新疆鄯善县为例

根据干旱区城镇区域的特色,干旱区城镇在进行主导产业的选择时必须遵循生态保护原则.依据此原则,以新疆干旱区城镇鄯善县为例,在数据较易获取的基础上,建立了适用于干旱区城镇进行主导产业选择的Weaver-Thomas模型及其评价的指标体系,运用MATLAB软件进行计算.结果表明:石油和天然气开采业、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业为...     

对铬铁磨球组织选择的理论探讨

通过对磨球运动、受力状况和磨损机制及其影响因素的分析，提出了对磨球使用性能的要求；应用材料科学基本理论，重点探讨了铝铁磨球组织选择的方法、原则和依据。结论是：根据磨球的工况条件，准确判断磨球的磨损机制是合理选择磨球组织的前提。     

Linux嵌入式系统根文件系统的选择与制作

Linux操作系统做为嵌入式系统近年应用越来越广泛，Linux根文件系的装载是Linux内核启动期间进行的最后操作之一，它是Linux嵌入式系统的一个重要组成部分，系统地分析了Linux嵌入式系统根文件系统的类型，内容选择以及制作方法。     

Latent lifestyle preferences and household location decisions

Lifestyle, indicating preferences towards a particular way of living, is a key driver of the decision of where to live. We employ latent class choice models to represent this behavior, where the latent classes are the lifestyles and the choice model is the choice of residential location. Thus, we simultaneously estimate lifestyle groups and how lifestyle impacts location decisions. Empirical results indicate three latent lifestyle segments: suburban dwellers, urban dwellers, and transit-riders. The suggested lifestyle segments have intriguing policy implications. Lifecycle characteristics are used to predict lifestyle preferences, although there remain significant aspects that cannot be explained by observable variables.