星载SAR成像参数联合估计方法

通信系统的不可靠性会造成SAR卫星下发数据出现误码或丢失,从而导致几何参数的解译、计算出现较大的误差或者缺失,限制了SAR数据成像处理及后续利用。针对该问题,提出一种基于回波数据的成像参数联合估计方法。首先通过回波数据进行多普勒中心频率估计和多普勒调频斜率估计;然后,根据SAR多普勒参数特性,建立多普勒参数与几何参数之间的超定方程组,并利用多普勒参数估计值求解方程组反演几何参数;最后,利用多普勒参数估计值和几何参数估计值完成SAR数据成像处理。实验结果表明,本文方法可以获得可靠的多普勒参数估计值和几何参数估计值,从而有效地解决像参数欠缺情况下的星载SAR成像处理问题。     

CHARACTERISTICS OF FOCAL MECHANISMS IN THE DOWNSTREAM RESERVOIR AREAS OF JINSHA RIVER

We select the Xiluodu-Wudongde reservoir area in the downstream of Jinsha River as the research area, and use the CAP and GPAT method to obtain focal mechanisms of M_L ≥ 2.0 earthquakes from 2016 to 2017 in this region. Then, we analyze the spatial distribution characteristics of focal mechanism solutions in each local region and investigate the relationship between seismicity and regional structures. According to 414 focal mechanism solutions we get following conclusions:1)The Xiluodu dam began to impound water on May 4, 2013, and seismicity increased significantly after impoundment. We get 49 focal mechanisms in the Xiluodu dam and its adjacent area which are dominated by thrust faulting and next by strike-slip faulting, which are mainly distributed near the middle section of the Ebian-Jinyang fault zone. The distribution of nodal planes striking in NNW to NE direction is consistent with that of regional faults, and some large earthquakes are controlled by regional structures. 2)There are 39 and 24 focal mechanisms obtained in the unimpounded Baihetan and Wudongde dams and adjacent areas, and the spatial distribution of focal mechanism solutions are relatively consistent, dominated by strike-slip faulting with a small amount of thrust and normal faulting. The sinistral strike-slip earthquakes are consistent with the activity of Xiaojiang fault zone and Puduhe-Xishan Fault. The strikes of the nodal planes are distributed discretely, and many groups of faults intersect with each other in the area, suggesting that the seismogenic environment is relatively complex. 3)The seismicity in Ludian continues to be active after the Ludian M6.5 earthquake. By the end of 2017, we got 260 focal mechanism solutions in the aftershock area of the Ludian M_S6.5 earthquake of Aug 3rd, 2014, which show an "L-shape" in distribution and are dominated by thrust and strike-slip faulting. The long axis is distributed in EW direction, and the short axis is distributed in near NNW direction. The strikes of nodal planes are mainly near EW and near NE, and the nodal planes in the NW direction are less. According to characteristics of a large number of focal mechanism solutions, we deduce that there may exist a buried structure in the EW direction, the seismicity is controlled by different types of faults and the seismogenic structure is very complex. 4)The centroid depth in each region is concentrated in the range of 5~15km, indicating that the seismogenic layer in the study area is 5~15km deep in the middle and upper crust.     

近33年沧州海域围填海空间格局变化分析

利用1985—2018年6个时间段的Landsat TM、ETM、OLI遥感影像,使用面向对象的遥感提取方法,通过选取空间利用结构、开发利用程度、景观指数及质心转移分析了沧州市围填海空间格局变化特征。结果表明：33年间研究区内围填海活动剧烈,1985—2018年,沧州近岸海域新增围填海面积137.05 km²,围填用海规模随时间变化不断扩大。1985—2003年,围填海空间利用结构和类型经历了从以围填养殖用海为主到各类型围填用海兼备的演化过程。研究区内围填海强度逐渐上升,2018年围填海开发强度指数达到274.55。港口用海逐渐成为沧州近海海域围填海的主要类型,围海养殖用海次之。1985—2018年,沧州市围填海景观的聚集度指数与蔓延度指数均较高,平均聚集度指数高达99.4004,围填海景观分布具有较强的规律性。沧州市围填海质心不断向东南方向移动,说明沧州市围填海开发的重点区域逐步迁移至沧州南部海域。在当前围填海现状下,应注重后续围填海开发活动的合理规划和集约利用。     

一种改进的RSSI室内加权质心定位算法

针对现有基于信号强度的质心算法定位精度不能满足特定场景下对高精度室内定位需求的问题,该文提出了一种改进的接收信号强度(RSSI)室内加权质心定位算法。该算法通过RSSI测距得出4个已知锚节点到待测点的距离,以相应的锚节点为圆心画圆弧,得到由4段圆弧相交的四边形,其任取3个顶点可以组成一个三角形,然后以距离平方倒数之和作为权值计算4个三角形质心坐标,再以4个三角形质心坐标作为初始值以信号强度之和作为权值求解待测点坐标。实验结果表明:该算法最大误差值为1.02m,最小误差值为0.21m,平均误差值为0.68m;该算法室内定位精度比基于RSSI的质心算法最大提高24cm,最小提高12cm,平均提高了18cm;比加权质心算法最大提高10cm,最小提高3cm,平均提高了8cm。     

2017年5月7日广州极端强降水对流系统结构、触发和维持机制

2017年5月7日,广州市增城区新塘镇等地出现了小时雨量超过180 mm、3 h雨量超过330 mm的极端强降水事件(简称“5·7”极端强降水事件),导致了严重的经济损失。这次过程的高强度降水分为两个主要阶段：花都区降水和增城区降水,每个阶段的强降水均集中在2~3 h内,最大分钟级降水达到了5 mm的强度,增城区新塘镇184.4 mm的极端小时雨量中约120 mm的雨量是在05:30—06:00的半小时内产生的。地闪监测显示,对流发展的第一阶段伴有较少的负地闪,第二阶段仅伴有几个闪电。雷达和卫星资料显示,强降水对流系统具有空间尺度小,发展迅速的特征;但发展成熟阶段的反射率因子大值区和卫星低TBB区在空间上出现明显偏离。强倾斜上升气流可能是造成反射率因子大值区和卫星低TBB区空间偏离的原因。雷达资料垂直剖面显示,对流具有回波顶高较低、云底高度低、强回波质心低等低质心暖云降水的特征。地势分布和辐射降温是花都北部低温中心的主要成因,大尺度弱冷空气和冷中心伴随的地形的共同作用,使得偏南暖湿气流向北移动受阻后,在花都地形的强迫抬升下触发了对流。偏南暖湿气流的持续输送、花都地形的阻挡和冷池的作用是01—03时对流维持的主要原因,弱冷空气的南下对03—04时对流系统的快速南移起到了重要作用,而冷池驱动的对流发展模型可以解释增城地区05—06时对流的较长时间维持。弱的环境引导气流和偏南暖湿气流使得高效的低质心、高效率强降水对流系统较长时间影响同一局地区域,从而导致了花都和增城两地局地极端强降水的出现。     

天气雷达回波外推技术应用研究

利用天气雷达体扫基数据,对其强度数据做了回波外推运算.在成熟的COTREC(Continuity of Tracking Radar Echo by Correlation vectors)和质心跟踪技术的基础上,运用傅立叶相位分析技术计算"亚像元"速度,得到外推后的回波数据和图像,根据Z-R关系得到外推回波的雨强分布.通过将计算与不计算"亚像元"速度的外推回波与实况回波、外推所得雨强分布与PUP的1小时降水量(OHP)产品和自动雨量站记录分别做比较分析,结果表明,通常计算"亚像元"速度的外推要比不计算的准确度更高,并且外推所得1小时降水量比OHP的可信度更大.在各种降水类型的天气过程中,对该技术进行了多次检验,结果证明是适用的,能对TREC技术起到一定改进作用,且其外推所得雨强分布在短时临近降水预报中具有一定的参考价值.     

单目视觉测量系统质心定位算法

在测头成像视觉坐标测量系统中,对图像进行采集和处理是为选取合适的特征点并对其进行优化曝光以便获取高质量的图像,进而实现特征点与背景图像分离和特征点中心的精确定位。因此,对于特征点成像的亚像素定位直接决定着三维空间坐标的测量精度。文中提出高斯拟合双三次插值算法,并与灰度加权和高斯双线性进行对比,实验表明精度比较高,能够达到单目视觉测量系统质心定位要求。     

Determination of volume and centroid of irregular blocks by a simplex integration approach for use in discontinuous numerical methods

Conventional integration techniques employed in continuous numerical methods can only be applied to regular blocks such as tetrahedrons or cubes. Therefore using such methods to compute the volume and centroid of blocks restricts the application of discontinuous numerical methods to the analysis of blocky systems. Subdividing a block into sub-blocks may solve this problem, but an algorithm which can be applied to blocks of different shapes has not been introduced. A new procedure for computing the volume and centroid of an arbitrarily shaped block based on area calculation using two-dimensional simplex integration and formulations of three-dimensional simplex integration developed by Shi is introduced in this paper. The new algorithm is easy to program and can be used instead of the complicated and time-consuming mesh generation approach. The proposed algorithm was programmed using VC?+?+?and is verified using an illustrative example.     

A New Method for Finding Geographic Centers,with Application to U.S. States

The geographic center of a region is a fundamental geographic concept, and yet there is no commonly accepted method for its determination. This article discusses some of its history as well as its definition and calculation, and a new method for its calculation is suggested. The new method minimizes the sum of squared great circle distances from all points in the region to the center. This entails (1) projecting regional boundary points using an azimuthal equidistant projection, (2) finding the geographic center of the projected two-dimensional region, and (3) then transforming this location back to a latitude and longitude. This new approach is used to find the geographic center of the contiguous United States and to provide a new list of the geographic centers for U.S. states. This list improves on the widely used but inaccurate list published by the United States Geological Survey in 1923.     

Improved Scheme for Determining the Thermal Centroid of the Oceanic Warm Pool Using Sea Surface Temperature Data

During the past two decades, concern about the western Pacific Warm Pool (WP) has been growing following the recognition of its significant role in global climate change and its close association with El Nino-Southern Oscillation phenomena. A fundamental issue in WP related studies is to locate its centroid and track its trajectory. The method used by some previous researchers for estimating the WP position seems to oversimplify the problem to a purely geometric one. This, however, is found to be systematically biased in both zonal and meridional directions. A new scheme for determining the WP centroid, which takes into account the thermal structure of the surface water, is proposed, resulting in a significant improvement in precise tracking of the WP trajectory compared to previous results.