通榆县2000-2014年沙质及盐碱质荒漠化监测

利用landsat7、landsat5和landsat8三期遥感影像,对通榆县2000-2014年沙质及盐碱质土地荒漠化变化进行监测。研究结果表明：①研究区荒漠化程度有减轻趋势,荒漠化等级与面积以及破碎程度虽个别有小幅度改变与上升,但整体呈现优化与下降趋势;②整体破碎度指数在2000-2007年由4.57 km2变为5.46 km2,2014年降为3.17 km2,说明研究区2014年荒漠化分布较为破碎零散,连通性较差,而2007年分布较为集中;③质心分布图表明通榆县研究年限内各类型荒漠化质心的位移轨迹呈现出先向东北平移再向南平移的趋势。     

岷县漳县MS6.6地震近场地震波谱质心分布与发震构造

采用近场15个地震台记录的2013-07-22岷县漳县MS6.6地震主震波形,计算平均谱质心频率并给出地理分布。结果表明,高频分布椭圆分布在临潭-宕昌断裂主支的西南侧。由此认为,这次地震的逆冲块体应是处于临潭-宕昌断裂西南侧的另一平行次级断层之间的块体,发震构造并非临潭-宕昌断裂;谱质心最高频率的分布范围揭示了地震波能量辐射最强的区域,与现场考察的宏观极震区相吻合。     

基于RS与GIS的科尔沁沙地沙漠化时空演变

以2000年ETM+影像、2005年和2010年TM影像为数据源,在遥感（RS）与地理信息系统（GIS）技术的支持下,通过人机交互解译,对科尔沁沙地的沙漠化土地分布状况及其动态变化进行了分析研究。结果表明：①2000-2010年研究区沙漠化土地总体呈逆转的趋势,且从严重沙漠化土地向轻度沙漠化土地逐级逆转,沙漠化土地总面积从2000年的31 762.11 km2减少到2010年的30 198.87 km2,净减少量1 563.24 km2,减少速率为156.32 km2·a-1。从沙漠化类型来看,除轻度沙漠化土地增加外,其他类型沙漠化土地面积均明显下降;②2000-2010年沙漠化土地持续逆转区域主要集中分布在治理强度较大的奈曼旗、库伦旗和扎鲁特旗;③严重沙漠化土地比较稳定,中度和轻度沙漠化土地重心空间迁移比较明显,2000-2010年中度沙漠化土地重心向西北方向移动23.65 km,轻度沙漠化土地重心向南移动19.31 km。     

地震波衰减反演研究综述

对地震波衰减的研究经过近五十年的发展已经取得了不少进展.本文简述了地震波的衰减机制、有关衰减的基本理论以及影响地震波衰减的主要因素,重点概括了地震波衰减的反演方法,最后预测了地震衰减研究的发展趋势.     

星载激光光斑影像特征参数提取与分析

激光指向、足印大小和形状、能量等参数的精确提取是评估星载激光测高数据质量的重要指标.然而,对这些参数的研究和理解目前还不明确,为准确提取和理解这些参数,本文依托ICESat/GLAS的激光剖面阵列(LPA)影像数据,采用激光能量最大强度的1/e2弱化背景噪声影响,利用灰度加权一阶矩阵法和椭圆拟合法提取LPA影像的5个特...     

高光谱红外传感器在轨光谱定标

高光谱红外传感器高精度在轨光谱定标是红外遥感定量反演及应用的重要前提.本文针对大气红外探测仪AIRS (Atmospheric Infrared Sounder)的观测数据,分析传感器等效入瞳亮温与大气透过率光谱中的吸收线特征,基于NODD和包络线去除的光谱归一化处理,融合多种光谱匹配算法构建非线性代价函数,提出了一种...     

风暴的自动识别,跟踪与预报

利用多普勒雷达体扫描资料对风暴进行实时地自动识别、跟踪、结构分析和临近预报,风暴的识别基于其个连续区域的体积和雷达反射率大于给定的体积阈值和反射率阈值;用矩心跟踪法匹配相邻两时刻的风暴,对风暴的合并与分裂进行了处理;根据风暴在过去各个时刻的中心位置和体积,利用最小二乘法进行线性外推来预报其在下一时刻的位置和面积。结果表明本方法能较好地识别、跟踪和警戒强对流性天气。     

Movements of the Western Pacific Warm Pool Centroid and Their Relationship to Sea Surface Temperature Changes in Nifio Regions

By using monthly historical sea surface temperature (SST) data for the years from 1950 to 2000, the Western Pacific Warm Pool (WPWP) climatology and anomalies are studied in this paper. The analysis of WPWP centroid (WPWPC) movement anomalies and the Niño-3 region SST anomalies(SSTA) seems to reveal a close, linear relation between the zonal WPWPC and Niño-3 region SSTA, which suggests that a 9° anomaly of the zonal displacement from the climatological position of the WPWPC corresponds to about a l°C anomaly in the Niño-3 region area-mean SST. This study connects the WPWPC zonal displacement with the Niño-3 SSTA, and it may be helpful in better understanding the fact that the WPWP eastward extension is conducive to the Niño-3 region SST increase during an El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event.     

Spatio-temporal analysis of the geographical centroids for three major crops in China from 1949 to 2014

Spatial distribution changes in major crops can reveal important information about cropping systems. Here, a new centroid method that applies physics and mathematics to spatial pattern analysis in agriculture is proposed to quantitatively describe the historical centroids of rice, maize and wheat in China from 1949 to 2014. The geographical centroids of the rice area moved 413.39 km in a 34.32° northeasterly (latitude 3.08°N, longitude 2.10°E) direction at a speed of 6.36 km/year from central Hunan province to Hubei province, while the geographical centroids of rice production moved 509.26 km in the direction of 45.44° northeasterly (latitude 3.22°N, longitude 3.27°E) at a speed of 7.83 km/year from central Hunan province to Henan province. The geographical centroids of the maize area and production moved 307.15 km in the direction of 34.33° northeasterly (latitude 2.29°N, longitude 1.56°E) and 308.16 km in the direction of 30.79° northeasterly (latitude 2.39°N, longitude 1.42°E), respectively. However, the geographical centroids of the wheat area and production were randomly distributed along the border of Shanxi and Henan provinces. We divided the wheat into spring wheat and winter wheat and found that the geographical centroids of the spring wheat area and production were distributed within Inner Mongolia, while the geographical centroids of winter wheat were distributed in Shanxi and Henan provinces. We found that the hotspots of crop cultivation area and production do not always change concordantly at a larger, regional scale, suggesting that the changing amplitude and rate of each crops’ yield differ between different regions in China. Thus, relevant adaptation measures should be taken at a regional level to prevent production damage in those with increasing area but decreasing production.