Seismogenic basin and range and intra‐arc normal faulting in the central Mexican Volcanic Belt,Querétaro,México

North‐northwest normal faults intersect ENE normal faults in the vicinity of Querétaro City, in central México, affecting the Miocene–Pliocene northern‐central sector of the Mexican Volcanic Belt province. This intersection produced an orthogonal arrangement of grabens, half‐grabens and horsts that include the Querétaro graben. The NNW faults are part of the Taxco–San Miguel de Allende fault system, which is proposed here as part of the southernmost Basin and Range province in México. The ENE to E–W faults are part of the E–W oriented Chapala–Tula fault zone, which has been interpreted as an active intra‐arc fault system of the Mexican Volcanic Belt. Seventy‐four normal faults were mapped, of which the NNW faults are the largest and have the best morphological expression in the region. More numerous, although shorter, are the ENE faults. Total length of the ENE faults is greater than the total length of the NNW faults. Both sets are dominantly normal faults, indicating ENE extension for the NNW set and NNW extension for the ENE set. Field data indicate that displacement on the two fault sets has overlapped in time, as some NNW faults are younger than some ENE faults, which are supposed to be the younger ones. Seismicity in 1998 on a NNW fault indicates ENE active extension on the NNW faults. These observations support our interpretation that the northern Mexican Volcanic Belt lies on the boundary between the Basin and Range province, which is undergoing ENE extension, and the central Mexican Volcanic Belt province, which is undergoing northerly extension. The apparent overlap in space and time of displacements on the two fault sets reflects the difference in stress regime between the two provinces. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国中心城市对外服务能力的空间格局

用城市流来描述城市的基本活动部分,用城市流强度来表征城市对外服务能力的强弱。城市流强度与中心城市的中心性强度具有强相关性。通过对全国地级以上286个中心城市的城市流强度的计算和结构分析,发现我国中心城市对外服务能力的空间格局具有如下特征:城市对外服务能力高度集中在人口密集的大城市特别是特大城市,100万人以上人口规模城市第三产业的对外服务占主导,而50~100万人的城市制造业的对外服务表现突出;东部三大城市群集中了我国城市流强度将近一半的份额,上海、北京-天津和广州-深圳组成了全国性的三大对外服务中心;东部地区的对外服务总量远高于中部、西部和东北地区,全国中心城市对外服务水平存在较大的区域落差。     

横过青藏高原羌塘地体中央隆起区的深反射地震试验剖面

跨越中央隆起区的深反射地震探测试验剖面,初步揭露出青藏高原羌塘地体中央隆起区的地壳结构.探测剖面表明,羌塘地体可能具有古老的结晶基底;中央隆起区上地壳变形主要以逆冲、褶皱为主,下地壳出现北倾与南倾“对冲”的反射,揭示出印度和欧亚两大板块前缘汇聚的深部过程.     

小城镇工业用地扩张机理研究--以湖北通城县、仙桃市为例

工业用地是小城镇用地扩张的主体,它具有带动性和先导性。如何控制与引导小城镇工业用地扩张。是我国土地资源可持续利用的关键。文章从大城市的聚集与扩散、农村发展、小城镇内部环境、政策制度4个方面剖析了小城镇工业用地扩张的机理,并对湖北省通城县和仙桃市进行了实证分析。     

时域激电法单极-偶极装置在铅-锌矿勘查中的应用效果

文章描述了测区地质概况和岩(矿)石电性特征,结合图示简述了测深装置原理、布极方式、探测深度等.通过时间域激发极化法电阻率和充电率特征,根据中间梯度法推测了断裂和主要岩性分界,浸染状铅-锌金属硫化物在平面上的走向和矿化范围,依据单极-偶极测深能够有效地确定含铅锌浸染状金属硫化物矿体空间位置,结合点源梯度剖面上充电率异常特征,推测了极化体产状.钻探验证在断层中见铅锌矿化,取得了较好的地质效果.     

中国东部地区大城市和小城镇极端温度及日较差变化对比分析

利用中国东部地区1961～2000年61个大城市站点和169个小城镇站点的逐日最高、最低温度资料,对比分析了大城市和小城镇的最高、最低温度和日较差极端值以及相对极端值变化特征.结果表明:大城市最高、最低温度的极端值均高于小城镇.二者最高温度的极端最大值在90年代后显著升高,极端最小值40年来均显著增加;二者最低温度的极端值也随时间明显升高.在所分析时段,大城市和小城镇暖日和暖夜天数均显示出增多趋势;二者冷日和冷夜天数均呈现下降趋势.就总体而言,大城市暖日、暖夜、冷日、冷夜天数均多于小城镇.大城市日较差的极端值均比小城镇小,并且二者均有显著的下降趋势;大城市和小城镇相对较长日较差(日较差超过第95个百分位数)出现的天数显著下降,但相对较短日较差(日较差低于第5个百分位数)出现的天数明显上升.     

中国阿尔泰造山带花岗岩Pb同位素组成特征:幔源成因佐证及陆壳生长意义

为进一步对阿尔泰造山带花岗岩进行物源示踪研究,本文选择几个较典型的同造山和后造山不同类型的花岗岩以及相伴生的基性岩进行长石Pb同位素的测定。结果显示花岗岩206Pb/204Pb范围为17.997~18.921,平均值为18.269;207Pb/204Pb范围为15.460~15.599,平均值为15.528;208Pb/204Pb范围为37.661~38.262,平均值为37.954;其μ值为9.19~9.71,集中于9.30~9.60,与典型的壳源花岗岩明显不同。在源岩判别图解上,主要落在洋岛玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩的范围内,所有点远离上地壳、下地壳和深海沉积物,其源区性质类似于洋岛玄武岩和岛弧玄武岩,与花岗岩同时代的伴生基性岩Pb同位素也具有相似的特征,说明两者可能具有相似的物源特征,即幔源组分。这与报道的Sr、Nd同位素的特征相一致,进一步证明阿尔泰花岗岩具有幔源组分。这种特点与其他造山带(如华南、喜马拉雅)明显不同,显示阿尔泰花岗岩的特殊性。该研究从另一个侧面证明中亚造山带存在一定规模的显生宙陆壳生长。     

平台中心角对岩石抗拉强度测定影响的数值分析

岩石抗拉强度是岩石的一个重要力学参数,在测试岩石抗拉强度的平台巴西盘劈裂试验中,平台中心角对测试结果会产生重要影响,但测试中对此角度尚无严格规定,从而造成抗拉强度测试结果有很大的离散性。从细观的角度着手,应用数字图像技术对岩石材料内部不同细观介质的空间分布进行精确测量和数值表达,建立与有限元网格之间的相互映射关系,并引入到原有的岩石破坏过程分析系统RFPA中,建立了能反映岩石非均匀性的平台巴西盘数值模型。通过对花岗岩断面图像进行处理,运用数值模型研究了平台中心角对平台巴西盘轴线应力分布、劈裂破坏模式和抗拉强度测定的影响,确定平台中心角的合理值应在20～30?的范围内,这与试验结果相一致,从机制上进一步分析验证了平台中心角的取值范围,为测试中平台中心角的选取提供了理论依据。     

中太平洋海山富钴结壳与基岩关系的研究

对我国首次取得的中太平洋海山基岩和富钴结壳样品的结构构造、矿物和化学组成特征的研究表明,该区主要基岩类型为碱性玄武岩、磷块岩、磷酸盐化碳酸盐岩和燧石等,碱性玄武岩分布最广,并均有不同程度的风化.观察表明,富钴结壳的载体可以是各种岩性的基岩.玄武岩、风化火山岩和磷块岩上的结壳厚度比燧石的大,有较高的经济价值,是选矿冶炼的主要对象.对于调查区内富钴结壳形态总体上可分为三种类型:板状、砾状和结核状结壳.从以下四个方面探讨结壳与基岩之间的关系:(1)海水、基岩和结壳中主要金属元素含量特点;(2)通过聚类分析方法探讨结壳与基岩之间的亲疏程度;(3)结壳的分布特征;(4)不同基岩类型对结壳生长的影响.分析结果表明,调查区内的火山岩及磷块岩对结壳形成的贡献大(比其他类型岩石).     

Factors determining subsidence in urbanized floodplains: evidence from MT‐InSAR in Seville (southern Spain)

Major rivers have traditionally been linked with important human settlements throughout history. The growth of cities over recent river deposits makes necessary the use of multidisciplinary approaches to characterize the evolution of drainage networks in urbanized areas. Since under‐consolidated fluvial sediments are especially sensitive to compaction, their spatial distribution, thickness, and mechanical behavior must be studied. Here, we report on subsidence in the city of Seville (Southern Spain) between 2003 and 2010, through the analysis of the results obtained with the Multi‐Temporal InSAR (MT‐InSAR) technique. In addition, the temporal evolution of the subsidence is correlated with the rainfall, the river water column and the piezometric level. Finally, we characterize the geotechnical parameters of the fluvial sediments and calculate the theoretical settlement in the most representative sectors. Deformation maps clearly indicate that the spatial extent of subsidence is controlled by the distribution of under‐consolidated fine‐grained fluvial sediments at heights comprised in the range of river level variation. This is clearly evident at the western margin of the river and the surroundings of its tributaries, and differs from rainfall results as consequence of the anthropic regulation of the river. On the other hand, this influence is not detected at the eastern margin due to the shallow presence of coarse‐grain consolidated sediments of different terrace levels. The derived results prove valuable for implementing urban planning strategies, and the InSAR technique can therefore be considered as a complementary tool to help unravel the subsidence tendency of cities located over under‐consolidated fluvial deposits. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.