The Role of the Halted Baroclinic Mode at the Central Equatorial Pacific in E1 Nifio Event

The role of halted “baroclinic modes” in the central equatorial Pacific is analyzed. It is found that dominant anomaly signals corresponding to “baroclinic modes” occur in the upper layer of the equatorial Pacific, in a two-and-a-half layer oceanic model, in assimilated results of a simple OGCM and in the ADCP observation of TAO. A second “baroclinic mode” is halted in the central equatorial Pacific corresponding to a positive SST anomaly while the first “baroclinic mode” propagates eastwards in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The role of the halted second “baroclinic mode” in the central equatorial Pacific is explained by a staged ocean-atmosphere interaction mechanism in the formation of El Ni?no: the westerly bursts in boreal winter over the western equatorial Pacific generate the halted second “baroclinic mode” in the central equatorial Pacific, leading to the increase of heat content and temperature in the upper layer of the central Pacific which induces the shift of convection from over the western equatorial Pacific to the central equatorial Pacific; another wider, westerly anomaly burst is induced over the western region of convection above the central equatorial Pacific and the westerly anomaly burst generates the first “baroclinic mode” propagating to the eastern equatorial Pacific, resulting in a warm event in the eastern equatorial Pacific. The mechanism presented in this paper reveals that the central equatorial Pacific is a key region in detecting the possibility of ENSO and, by analyzing TAO observation data of ocean currents and temperature in the central equatorial Pacific, in predicting the coming of an El Ni?no several months ahead.     

Coccolithophores from the central Arabian Sea: Sediment trap results

Sediment trap samples collected from a depth of 1018 m in the Central Arabian Sea Trap (CAST) at 14°28.2′N, 64°35.8′E were analyzed for temporal variation of coccolithophore fluxes from October 1993 to August 1994. Out of the twenty species of coccolithophores encountered,Gephyrocapsa oceanica, Emiliania huxleyi, Umbilicosphaera sibogae andUmbellosphaera irregularis were the most abundant. The total coccolithophore fluxes ranged from 28.5 × 10⁶m^-2d^-1 to 50.3 × 10⁶m^-2d^-1 showing seasonality with higher fluxes during the northeast (NE) monsoon and lower fluxes during the spring intermonsoon. The higher fluxes were attributed to the enhancement of primary production in the central Arabian Sea due to southward extent of nutrients from the northeast Arabian Sea by the prevailing surface currents. Similarly, the occurrences of relatively lower coccolithophore fluxes during the spring intermonsoon and southwest (SW) monsoon were attributed to the low nutrients in the warm, shallow surface mixed layer and downwelling to the south of Findlater Jet respectively in the central Arabian Sea. Some of the coccolithophore species such asE. huxleyi, G. oceanica, Calcidiscus leptoporus andUmbellosphaera tenuis showed signs of dissolution.     

汾阳市杏花村镇供水井位勘测

传统直流电法勘探方法,在地下水研究中应用于寻找水源、确定地下水的开采量取得了较好的应用效果.本文结合杏花村镇供水井位勘测,详细介绍了地球物理勘探工作的方法,并对测量资料进行了解释,提出了确定供水井井位的建议.     

闽中地区中新元古代东岩组地层的含矿性研究

闽中地区中新元古代东岩组变质岩为铅锌多金属矿的重要矿源层。东岩组地层由3个基性、酸性火山喷发 (溢)沉积旋回组成,具有双峰式火山岩特征。每一火山旋回都是由基性开始、酸性结束,火山喷发间歇特别是每一旋回结束期间常出现海相碳酸盐岩沉积,铅锌银矿多与基性火山岩相伴。东岩组变质岩岩石学、岩石化学分析结果揭示了东岩组变质岩原岩具有大陆裂谷拉斑玄武岩特征,形成于板内裂谷环境,构造背景为大陆板块内部张性环境。     

上海浦东新区郊区社区研究--以浦东川沙社区为例

随着中国城市化进程的快速推进，上海浦东郊区城市化进程日益加速，城市社会结构的变迁，社区管理模式多样化。在充分分析探讨浦东新区郊区社区特点的基础上，对川沙的历史沿革、社区发展变迁的动力机制等等进行了实证研究，并对川沙在社区建设目标、社区建设管理模式、社区现存撤资问题等等几个方面提出了建议，以期抛砖引玉。     

新疆小城镇人口规模预测

小城镇人口的发展对新疆城镇化发展具有重要意义,其人口变动的各种信息将对新疆城镇的发展起到重要的参考作用。在对人口预测的主要方法进行比较的基础上,采用一元线性回归法、指数法、增长速度法和灰色系统GM(1,1)模型等对新疆小城镇2010、2015和2020年的总人口进行了预测。由于近年来新疆经济的加速发展,城镇化速度也将加快,小城镇人口将会出现较快的提高。故而,在综合考虑新疆小城镇人口发展的多种因素及未来新疆城镇发展趋势的基础上,针对各种预测方法的优缺点综合得出了新疆小城镇2010、2015和2020年的总人口数量。     

大陆下部地壳变形、变质特征及其抬升机制分析--以内蒙古中部地区为例

内蒙古中部下地壳出露较好,主要以麻粒岩相变质岩石为主,形成于地壳较深层次,华北克拉通北缘出露的下地壳具有较好的可比性,主要由于挤压逆冲作用使下地壳岩石逆冲到一定高度,再经长期剥蚀得以出露。本文对内蒙中部地区出露的下地壳岩石物质组成和变质、变形特征的分析,确定其形成条件为:温度610℃~850℃、压力0.5~1.03GPa、深度18~39km、地热梯度(21~35.4)℃/km。     

城镇及其周边土壤重金属元素异常成因机理

普遍出现在城镇及其周边地区土壤中的重金属元素异常受到广泛关注,但是目前对此类异常的生态危害还没有明确的结论,原因之一是对异常的成因机理缺乏深入研究和客观认识。这里研究结果发现,城镇周边地区的土壤重金属元素异常,与燃煤(或金属矿石选冶)过程中释放出的“微球粒“物质和黄铁矿、磁铁矿等重矿物具有成因联系,因此为确认此类异常的成因机理提供了证据,对异常的生态效应评价以及预警预测研究具有直接意义。     

广东中部地区雷电和CINRAD雷达回波的统计关系

应用2004年4～8月广州雷达资料和广东省电力部门闪电资料,采用闪电位置资料与雷达回波强度相叠加的方法进行统计。结果表明,负闪频次的值偏多时,既不在低层的弱回波上,也不在高层的强回波上,而是在中间层4～16层(2～14 km)的12～45 dBz较强回波上。在6～14层(3～11 km)10～35 dBz回波上,广东中部地区负闪面积偏大。在第1～10层(0.5～7 km)44～51 dBz强回波上,出现负闪雷电的概率是0.4～0.7。     

基于斜坡单元的山区城镇地质灾害风险快速评价研究—以江口镇为例

本文以江口镇为研究实例,以县城高清DEM为底图,对研究区所有具有潜在隐患的可能成灾的、同时具有威胁对象的斜坡进行了划分圈定并编号。基于《半定性半定量斜坡风险评估表》,采用工程地质类比法,对圈定的每一个斜坡进行实地逐坡调查,获取斜坡的危险性得分和易损性评分。采用自然间断法将危险性和易损性划分为高、中、低三个等级,然后再以评估出的危险性等级和易损性等级分别为行向量和列向量,建立风险评估矩阵。通过风险矩阵,获得每一个斜坡的风险等级,最后将各斜坡的风险等级在地理信息图上和VR全景摄影图上展示,形成风险评价产品。