工业相机在历史航片数字化中的应用

航空摄影胶片作为历史档案的一种,详细地记录了城市规模、设施等地貌信息变迁.因胶片材质保质期有限,有必要将其进行数字化永久保存.传统的扫描手段效率过低,随着一亿及以上像素的工业级别相机的诞生,使得拍照代替扫描成为可能.本文采用自行制作高精度大幅面胶片翻拍仪,通过精确校检获取准确改正参数,并结合计算机后处理,完成了昆明市2...     

基于高清工业相机的盾构隧道裂缝智能识别算法分析

裂缝一直是隧道病害的重点检测对象,但传统人工巡检仅能通过肉眼发现后记录,人工识别精准度与效率完全取决于个人经验判断,无信息化手段辅助,作业效率识别精度亟待提升.针对以上问题,本文借助高清工业相机成像分辨率高、采集速度快等特点,将高清工业相机部署于轨道车上获取隧道表面裂缝病害信息,大幅提高了隧道裂缝识别效率,将识别精度提...     

GPS技术在产业用地数据采集与调查中的应用研究

当前国内外针对产业用地集约节约化利用方面的研究比较少,制约这方面研究的一个重要内容就是缺乏有效的基础数据,本文在分析了产业用地所涉及的相关数据的基础上,结合GPS定位特点,对产业用地数据采集与调查技术进行分析研究。     

The topographic record of The Netherlands 1800–1992 for sale

Abstract

At the end of the eighteenth century, a large-scale map of the Austrian Netherlands and the Prince-Bishopric of Liège was manufactured, covering more or less the current territory of Belgium. The work for this Carte de Cabinet was carried out by artillerists under the guidance of count Joseph de Ferraris, who was commissioned for the task by the Habsburg government. At the time that the map was designed, no modern legend was included. This paper tries to fill that gap by presenting a legend that was constructed more systematically than any of its predecessors. It is based on the structure of the legend of the Topographic Map of Belgium and the CORINE land cover map, making it an easy-to-use tool for modern researchers. The problems encountered during the development of the legend are described, and the link between the Carte de Cabinet and eighteenth-century French cartography as well as with cartographic manuals is also discussed.     

基于图像分割的煤岩割理CT图像各向异性特征

利用工业CT对自然煤岩样进行断层扫描观测。针对煤岩裂隙系统的多尺度、各向异性特征,应用Canny算子图像分割与方向性边缘检测技术,提取煤岩CT图像割理的总体特征、水平方向和垂直方向特征;根据特征图像计算了煤岩样的总体分形维数、孔隙度,各向异性分形维数与孔隙度及其在三维空间中的分布;讨论了分形维数与孔隙度、渗透率之间的关系,并根据煤岩样的分形维数、孔隙度对实际工程岩体的孔隙度和渗透率进行了外推计算。研究表明,煤岩样不同扫描断面的分形维数和孔隙度不同,同一煤样同一断面不同方向的分形维数与孔隙度亦不相同。利用图像分割与边缘检测对工业CT图像进行分析,可以对煤岩的各向异性分形维数与孔隙度在2D与3D空间进行精细描述。     

高性能瞬变电磁仪的研制及应用

瞬变电磁勘探法是目前在地球物理勘探领域里新兴的1种很有前途的测量方法,它简单实用,能测量从浅地表到深层的地质结构。本文介绍了利用工控机组成高性能瞬变电磁仪的方法,并就其应用作了简要介绍。     

应用计算机进行固体矿产储量计算,提高地质工作水平

Windos XP版储量计算程序是作者90年代DOS版的全面升级。该程序按照目前地质工作普遍采用的公式和做法,符合现行规范规定和要求。程序对储量计算中矿体圈定等难点解决较好。该程序已经多个矿区应用检验,最近又为南非英铂公司采用推广。     

Effet de l'agrégation sur le transport de la kaolinite recouverte d'acide humique à travers un sable de quartz d'origine naturelleAggregation effect on the transport of humic-coated kaolinite colloids through a natural quartz sand

To evaluate the risk of contaminant transport by mobile colloids, it is necessary to understand how colloids and associated pollutants behave during their migration through uncontaminated soil or groundwater. In this study, we investigated the influence of aggregation induced by Ca²⁺ and trace metals (Pb²⁺, Cu²⁺) concentrations on the transport of humic-coated kaolinite colloids through a natural quartz sand at pH=4. Adsorbed divalent cations reduce the colloids surface charge and thereby induce aggregation and deposition in porous media. To cite this article: R. Ait Akbour et al., C. R. Geoscience 334 (2002) 981–985.     

Lithosphere formation in the central Slave Craton (Canada): plume subcretion or lithosphere accretion?

Major-element compositions of minerals in peridotite xenoliths from the Lac de Gras kimberlites provide constraints on the mode of lithosphere formation beneath the central Slave Craton, Canada. Magnesia contents of reconstructed whole rocks correlate positively with NiO and negatively with CaO contents, consistent with variable partial melt extraction. Alumina and Cr₂O₃ contents are broadly positively correlated, suggestive of melt depletion in the absence of a Cr–Al phase. Garnet modes are high at a given Al₂O₃ content (a proxy for melt depletion), falling about a 7 GPa melt depletion model. These observations, combined with high olivine Mg# and major-element relationships of FeO-poor peridotites (<7.5 wt%) indicative of melt loss at pressures >3 GPa (residual FeO content being a sensitive indicator of melt extraction pressure), and similar high pressures of last equilibration (∼4.2 to 5.8 GPa), provide multiple lines of evidence that the mantle beneath the central Slave Craton has originated as a residue from high-pressure melting, possibly during plume subcretion. Apparent low melt depletion pressures for high-FeO peridotites (>7.5 wt%) could suggest formation in an oceanic setting, followed by subduction to their depth of entrainment. However, these rocks, which are characterised by low SiO₂ contents (<43 wt%), are more likely to be the result of post-melting FeO-addition, leading to spuriously low estimates of melt extraction pressures. They may have reacted with a silica-undersaturated melt that dissolved orthopyroxene, or experienced olivine injection by crystallising melts. A secular FeO-enrichment of parts of the deep mantle lithosphere is supported by lower average Mg# in xenolithic olivine (91.7) compared to olivine inclusions in diamond (92.6).     

Nouvelles données sur le téphra de Sarliève et le téphra CF7, marqueurs chrono-stratigraphiques de Grande Limagne (Massif central,France)

A trachytic tephra, discovered in the ancient lake of Sarliève, ‘Grande Limagne’, has been dated using the thermoluminescence technique. The obtained age, 16±4 ka ($\text{2}\text{σ}$), is older than that of the trachytic volcanoes of the Cha??ne des Puys, the ashes of which have already been locally recognised in the region. Its analysis confirms its originality. In the course of the comparisons made to search for its spring, it appears that the wide-dispersion tephra CF7, beforehand correlated by hypothesis to the Puy de Clierzou, probably originates from the Kilian crater or the Puy de Vasset. To cite this article: D. Miallier et al., C. R. Geoscience 336 (2004).