基于生态价值损失的开发用海生态补偿标准的演变与实施分析——以山东省为例

海洋生态损失补偿指用海者履行海洋生态环境资源有偿使用责任,对因开发利用海洋造成的海洋生物资源价值和生态系统服务价值损失进行的资金补偿。文章介绍了海洋生态补偿制度的建立过程,梳理了山东省海洋生态补偿新旧标准的演变过程,对山东省海洋生态补偿标准的实施进行了探讨,并分析了山东省海洋生态补偿资金征收的经济效率。结果表明,按照旧标准,只考虑对海洋生物资源损失的补偿,每公顷用海所缴纳的生态补偿资金为8.143 3万元;按照新标准,考虑对经济生物资源和生态系统服务损失的补偿,每公顷用海应缴纳的生态补偿资金为12.043 9万元,比旧标准提高了48%。补偿标准提高,虽然增加了企业的用海成本,但还只是补偿了企业用海所造成生态损失的1/4左右,还有3/4的生态损失没有要求企业补偿,需要国家财政增加生态修复投入。山东用海生态损失补偿政策的实施,很好地发挥了环境经济政策的效果;企业主动缩减围填海等用海面积,采用环境友好的用海方式,既节约了企业用海成本,又减轻了对海洋生态环境的损耗。在全国推广山东的开发用海生态补偿制度和标准,可以有效地引导企业理性用海、集约高效用海,助力海洋产业绿色转型,体现生态文明入宪的重大意义。     

计算数据域特征值的两种算法

设计两种计算数据域特征值的算法。此特征值通常是用线性反馈移位寄存器（ＬＦ－ＳＲ）组成的特征分析器得到的．在数据已按字节存放和速度要求不高的场合下，本算法将是十分方便和有用的．     

步云山自然保护区生态功能价值研究

以可持续发展为目标,以生态学原理为标准,通过对保护区涵养水量、森林价值以及生态足迹三方面的研究和计算,系统分析了步云山自然保护区的生态功能,指出保护区在规划过程中存在的问题,提出相应解决办法的依据。     

BDS卫星失效对区域定位精度的影响评估

基于STK软件实现了2016-09 BDS系统星座结构的仿真,并选取可见卫星数、DOP值、系统可用性作为评估BDS卫星星座设计结构的指标,分析单颗与全部倾斜轨道卫星（IGSO）、地球静止轨道卫星（GEO）失效后对我国大陆地区BDS系统可用性的影响。结果表明,IGSO4卫星与GEO5卫星失效后对BDS在区域的定位性能影响较大,失效后的GDOP值分别为1.98、2.16。取BDS卫星正常运行时区域平均GDOP最大值(S=2.60)作为系统可用性阈值时,系统可用性分别降低了1.79%、32.63%;阈值取2S(5.20)、3S(7.80)、4S(10.40)、5S(13.00)时,系统可用性均可达100.00%。GEO整体失效后BDS系统在高精度定位中仍部分可用,而IGSO整体失效后BDS系统可用性受到大幅度限制。因此,增加在轨备份卫星时需重点考虑GEO5、IGSO4,并适当增加IGSO卫星的数目。     

Evaluating coastal scenery using fuzzy logic: Application at selected sites in Western Black Sea coastal region of Turkey

Coastal areas of the world are under treat due to the conflicting requirements of functions such as habitation and/or recreation, which affect the strategic asset of coastal scenery itself. Coastal managers, together with planners, need coastal landscape inventories, where the quality of coastal scenery is a part of the inventory. In order to provide an evidence-based approach for sound coastal management decisions, [Ergin et al., 2004] and [Ergin et al., 2006] developed a novel technique ‘coastal scenic evaluation’ (CSE), which addresses the evaluation of coastal scenery. The CSE technique utilizes fuzzy logic to derive values obtained from a checklist of 26 physical and human parameters. The methodology enables the calculation of an evaluation index (D), which categorizes the scenic values of coastal sites into five distinct classes. Using this technique, coastal scenic evaluations were carried out at 34 selected sites on the Western Black Sea coast of Turkey. Based on the calculated D values, a five-class differentiation was obtained for the selected sites, to provide baseline information for any envisaged subsequent management plans for these areas.     

A comparison of the main methods for estimating probabilities of extreme still water levels

Sea-level return periods are estimated at 18 sites around the English Channel using: (i) the annual maxima method; (ii) the r-largest method; (iii) the joint probability method; and (iv) the revised joint probability method. Tests are undertaken to determine how sensitive these four methods are to three factors which may significantly influence the results; (a) the treatment of the long-term trends in extreme sea level; (b) the relative magnitudes of the tidal and non-tidal components of sea level; and (c) the frequency, length and completeness of the available data. Results show that unless sea-level records with lengths of at least 50 years are used, the way in which the long-term trends is handled in the different methods can lead to significant differences in the estimated return levels. The direct methods (i.e. methods i and ii) underestimate the long (> 20 years) period return levels when the astronomical tidal variations of sea level (relative to a mean of zero) are about twice that of the non-tidal variations. The performance of each of the four methods is assessed using prediction errors (the difference between the return periods of the observed maximum level at each site and the corresponding data range). Finally, return periods, estimated using the four methods, are compared with estimates from the spatial revised joint probability method along the UK south coast and are found to be significantly larger at most sites along this coast, due to the comparatively short records originally used to calibrate the model in this area. The revised joint probability method is found to have the lowest prediction errors at most sites analysed and this method is recommended for application wherever possible. However, no method can compensate for poor data.     

动机、成本、风险：家长视角下研学旅游产品价值感知研究

以中小学生自然教育研学旅游作为具体情境,基于539份家长问卷数据阐释研学旅游动机与价值感知之间的关系,并通过成本感知和风险感知探讨其内在机制和边界条件。结果表明,家长感知的研学旅游动机越强烈,越容易感知到研学旅游产品所传递的价值,验证了研学旅游情境下动机对价值感知的积极影响,也形成了对动机与价值之间关系研究的理论补充。并且,这一动机除了直接作用于价值感知外,还会通过成本感知的部分中介作用影响价值感知,揭示了中国家长对于教育价值的重视会削弱其对“利失”的感知。此外,进一步验证了风险感知的积极影响,即家长感知研学旅游的不确定性水平越高,动机对价值感知的积极影响越明显,且会抑制成本感知对价值感知的负向作用,但风险感知水平达到一定高度时,其对成本感知与价值感知间的抑制作用将不显著。因此,面向需求设计打造产品,突出产品价值、加大宣传营销力度、把控活动安全、合理制定价格,获取家长群体的认同接受,将是研学旅游进一步拓展市场的重要考量。     

基于PPGIS的乡村旅游社区景观价值变化研究——以丽江束河古镇为例

景观价值是人对环境的主观感知和效用评价,景观价值变化的研究能够帮助理解旅游社区的社会现象.以丽江束河古镇为例,采用参与式制图与半结构化访谈方法调查当地居民对旅游开发前后的感知景观价值,最终获取的有效问卷与填图为293份,提取空间数据点658个.通过对访谈结果进行编码和归纳得到旅游开发前后各7种景观价值类型.采用质性分析...     

2007年宁洱6.4级地震强震动观测记录

"十五"期间建设并投入试运行的中国数字强震动台网云南区域台网有20多个强震动台站记录到宁洱6.4级地震产生的地面运动。记录的最大峰值加速度为431.2cm/s2,这是我国大陆自开展强震动观测以来在一次强震中同时获取记录最多的一次,初步展现了"十五"强震动台站建设的成效。     

基于小波分析的场地波速测量方法

在场地波速测量中,由于噪声等因素的影响很难准确识别P、S波的初至时刻,致使波速结果存在很大的误差。本文给出了一种基于小波变换的波速测量的新方法。该方法利用波动信号的小波变换与弹性波群速度的关系准确识别弹性波初至时刻。弹性波小波变换的峰值时刻代表着以群速度传播的弹性波的初至时刻,使P波、S波的初至时刻的确定具有明确的物理意义,波速的结果准确、可靠、稳定。此外,波动信号的小波多尺度分析还可以确定地层中传播的弹性波的频散特性。最后,该方法在场地波速测量的实测信号的应用表明该方法可准确确定P、S波速。