Global Statistical Assessment and Cross-Calibration with Jason-2 for Reprocessed HY-2 A Altimeter Data

HY-2 A (Haiyang-2 A) satellite was launched on August 16, 2011 and radar altimeter is one of its main payloads. We reprocessed two years of HY-2 A altimeter sensor geophysical dataset records (SGDR) data. This paper presents the main results in terms of reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data quality: verification of data availability and validity, monitoring several relevant altimeter parameters, and assessment of the HY-2 A altimeter system performances. A cross-calibration analysis of reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data with Jason-2 was conducted. The reprocessed HY-2 A altimeter data show good quality and have a low level of noise with respect to Jason-2. The same geophysical correction methods were used to calculate the sea surface height (SSH) for the two missions. The mean standard deviations of the crossover differences for HY-2 A and Jason-2 are 5.24 cm and 5.34 cm, respectively. The mean standard deviation of the crossover differences between HY-2 A and Jason-2 is 5.37 cm. These show that HY-2 A can provide SSH measurements at almost the same level of accuracy as Jason-2. The relative SSH bias between HY-2 A and Jason-2 due to the Ultra Stable Oscillator (USO) drift is obviously observed, and it can affect the calculation of mean sea level and should be further studied and corrected.     

星载紫外遥感辐射计积分球定标新方法的研究

在紫外波段，使用常规手段实现高精度的辐射定标是比较困难的，这主要是由于标准灯的定标不确定度约4％和漫反射板双向反射分布函数（BRDF）的测量不确定度4％-6％所致。为了提高定标精度，本文应用积分球辐亮度定标方法，获得了接近理想的大面积辐亮度光源（约2％），标定了在研的星载紫外遥感光谱辐射计的亮度响应度。文中将标准灯考虑为均匀亮度的点光源，对辐射计的投影视场进行了照明因子修正。同时进行了常规的灯-板定标方法与积分球定标新方法的比较，得到了采用两种方法标定的辐射计亮度响应度有较好的一致性（3％）的结论。初步的定标数据分析比对显示，漫反射板BRDF的测量不确定度和仪器投影视场内辐亮度的计算不确定度是比对中不一致主要的来源。     

珠江三角洲交通通达性空间格局与人口变化关系

基于1988年、1998年、2008年陆路交通网络数据,借助GIS软件,分析了1980年代以来珠三角地区交通网络通达性空间格局的变化,并采用GAM模型,定量分析了1980～2009年期间陆路交通网络与人口变化之间的关系。结果表明:研究时段内,公路交通通达性空间格局以穗-莞-深一线为最高,向外围逐渐递减;铁路交通通达性空间格局以广佛地区为中心向外围逐渐递减;陆路交通网络发展主要受公路网络的影响,铁路在整个交通网络中所起的作用较弱;各阶段通达性提高幅度差异较大,存在递减效应,第一阶段(1988～1998年)通达性提高较第二阶段(1998～2008年)更为显著;公路交通、铁路交通与人口变化关系具有差异性,公路交通对人口变化的作用显著,三个时段内其对人口变化的解释贡献率分别为11.56%、48.07%、44.92%,铁路与人口变化的关系较为薄弱,但在1990年以后,随着铁路网络扩展以及铁路运输服务水平的提高,其与人口变化的关系逐步增强。     

Knowledge-Driven and Data-Driven Fuzzy Models for Predictive Mineral Potential Mapping

In this paper, we describe new fuzzy models for predictive mineral potential mapping: (1) a knowledge-driven fuzzy model that uses a logistic membership function for deriving fuzzy membership values of input evidential maps and (2) a data-driven model, which uses a piecewise linear function based on quantified spatial associations between a set of evidential evidence features and a set of known mineral deposits for deriving fuzzy membership values of input evidential maps. We also describe a graphical defuzzification procedure for the interpretation of output fuzzy favorability maps. The models are demonstrated for mapping base metal deposit potential in an area in the south-central part of the Aravalli metallogenic province in the state of Rajasthan, western India. The data-driven and knowledge-driven models described in this paper predict potentially mineralized zones, which occupy less than 10% of the study area and contain at least 83% of the model and validation base metal deposits. A cross-validation of the favorability map derived from using one of the models with the favorability map derived from using the other model indicates a remarkable similarity in their results. Both models therefore are useful for predicting favorable zones to guide further exploration work.     

关于我国土壤侵蚀模型研究进展

土壤侵蚀模型作为了解土壤侵蚀过程与强度,掌握土地资源发展动态,指导人们合理利用土地资源,管理和维持人类长期生存环境的重要技术工具,受到世界各国的普遍重视。本文总结了中国土壤侵蚀模型的主要成果,对经验统计模型、物理成因模型、国外模型在我国的应用方面作了详细的介绍。在总结和评价中国土壤侵蚀模型的基础上,提出了今后土壤侵蚀模型应该注重的发展方向:(1)注重土壤侵蚀模型的理论研究,将从以侵蚀因子为基础的侵蚀预报向侵蚀过程的量化研究和理论完善,研究各侵蚀因子及其交互作用对侵蚀过程的影响,泥沙在复杂坡面以及不同流域尺度间的分散、输移和沉积作用;(2)加强对重力侵蚀、洞穴侵蚀机制的研究,加强对大中流域侵蚀模型的研究;(3)充分利用先进的RS、GIS技术,为侵蚀模型的研究提供大量的数据源,以利于对土壤侵蚀模型的检验。     

南极长城站验潮站数据处理和潮汐特点初步分析

继在南极中山站建成我国南极首个永久性验潮站后,2012年1月在南极长城站又建成了我国南极第二个永久性验潮站。通过对长城站验潮站相关数据进行分析处理,得到了验潮基准系统的水准网平差结果和验潮仪零点标定结果,以及长城站附近海域海洋潮汐170个分潮的调和常数,并据此进行了潮汐预报,同时分析了长城站潮汐余水位的变化特征,探讨了利用附近的Antarctic Base Prat验潮站的余水位改正长城站潮汐预报的可行性,结果表明使用Antarctic Base Prat验潮站余水位改正长城站潮汐预报,可以显著提高长城站验潮站潮汐预报的精度,余水位改正后2014时段的潮汐预报中误差为±3.42 cm,明显好于改正前的预报中误差±10.43 cm。     

三江源植被净初级生产力估算研究进展

植被净初级生产力（NPP）作为重要的植被参数和生态指标,能够直观地反映生态环境的变化和区域碳收支水平。鉴于三江源特殊的地理环境和战略地位,众多学者曾应用不同的方法对三江源植被NPP进行了估算,但是由于各方面原因,NPP估算结果存在较大差异。目前,虽在三江源地区开展了大量NPP估算研究,但尚未有相关文章对这些研究进行汇总并加以分析和评价。因此,本文在前人研究成果的基础上,通过综述已有文献,对三江源植被NPP估算的相关方法与结果进行了系统地总结,探讨不同方法在三江源地区的适用性,指出已有方法存在的主要问题,并对现有NPP估算结果进行评估分析,最后提出了未来三江源NPP估算研究亟待加大研究力度的方向。     

Quantifying the variability and allocation patterns of aboveground carbon stocks across plantation forest types,structural attributes and age in sub-tropical coastal region of KwaZulu Natal,South Africa using remote sensing

Quantifying the variability and allocation patterns of aboveground carbon stocks across plantation forests is central in deriving accurate and reliable knowledge and understanding of the extent to which these species contribute to the global carbon cycle and towards minimizing climate change effects. The principal objective of this study was to quantify the variability and allocation patterns of aboveground carbon stocks across Pinus and Eucalyptus plantation forests, tree-structural attributes (i.e. stems, barks, branches and leaves) and age groups, using models developed based on remotely sensed data. The results of this study demonstrate that aboveground carbon stocks significantly (α = 0.05) vary across different plantation forest species types, structural attributes and age. Pinus taeda and Eucalyptus grandis species contained aboveground carbon stocks above 110 t C ha⁻¹, and Eucalyptus dunii had 20 t C ha⁻¹. Across plantation forest tree structural attributes, stems contained the highest aboveground carbon stocks, when compared to barks, branches and leaves. Aboveground carbon stock estimates also varied significantly (α = 0.05) with stand age. Mature plantation forest species (i.e. between 7 and 20 years) contained the highest aboveground carbon stock estimates of approximately 120 t C ha⁻¹, when compared to younger species (i.e. between 3 and 6 years), which had approximately 20 t C ha⁻¹. The map of aboveground carbon stocks showed distinct spatial patterns across the entire study area. The findings of this study are important for understanding the contribution of different plantation forest species, structural attributes and age in the global carbon cycle and possible climate change moderation measures. Also, this study demonstrates that data on vital tree structural attributes, previously difficult to obtain, can now be easily derived from cheap and readily-available satellite data for inventorying carbon stocks variability.