广州新电视塔沉降观测技术的探讨

结合广州新电视塔沉降观测项目,介绍该项目沉降观测的具体方案.结合工程实际,采用文中所述的沉降观测方法和数据处理方法,通过25次的沉降观测,有效地监测了新电视塔在施工期间及运营期间的沉降变化情况,成果可靠,取得较好的社会效益和经济效益,可为今后大型建筑物的沉降监测提供技术参考.     

自动化全站仪在高层建筑基坑变形监测中的应用

在对自动全站仪自由设站观测原理进行认真分析研究后,利用TC 2003高精度自动全站仪的自由设站加极坐标法对某高层建筑的一级基坑进行变形监测,通过监测结果精度分析,验证了自动全站仪在建筑物变形监测中的快速、准确性.     

类比预测法在城市群体建筑物震害预测中的应用

群体建筑物量大面广,为了简化群体建筑物震害预测的工作,采用类比预测法对群体建筑物震害进行了预测.从城市建筑中选取具有典型破坏特征的建筑物作为样本,通过建筑物结构类型、高度、建设年代、现状质量和用途作为震害影响因子进行震害类比预测.建立规划区内建筑物易损性矩阵.最后以宁德市为例,利用本文方法给出了宁德市建筑物的易损性矩阵...     

从农村民居抗震性能现状谈防震减灾规划目标的实现——以山西新绛县为例

通过对新绛县农村民居状况进行调查,分析了农村民居抗震性能的现状及造成现状的原因,并提出了改进的具体措施及建议。     

湖南省农村房屋安全性现状统计分析

本文汇总了湖南省农村房屋的安全性等级情况资料,从房屋的建造年代、结构形式、各年代所建房屋的危房率以及居民的住房质量、安全意识与房屋抗震性能的对比几个方面进行了房屋安全性状况统计分析.结合房屋典型损坏现象,分析了此次调查中房屋的损坏特征,总结了各种结构形式容易出现的问题.根据房屋典型损坏现象分析和安全性等级情况统计,得出了以下结论:湖南省农村生土结构和木结构房屋的安全性现状不容乐观;有关部门应制定一套适合农村的结构设计规范,并通过培训等方法解决农村房屋设计和施工问题;部分存在潜在严重地质灾害的地区和大山深处的房屋已无改造、新建的意义,最好整体搬迁.     

Assessment indices for the seismic vulnerability of existing R.C. buildings

The seismic vulnerability of old multi‐storey reinforced concrete (R.C.) buildings reinforced with substandard details is assessed as a function of interstorey drift demand imposed by the design earthquake while considering brittle termination of elastic response of the critical members of the structure due to a premature shear failure. Interstorey drift demand is related to column and wall translational stiffnesses which are expressed through analytical derivations in terms of the floor area ratios of gravity and lateral load bearing members in the critical floor. Interstorey drift capacity is related to the available transverse reinforcement and the axial load ratio of the vertical members. The significance of the area ratio of vertical members in the typical floor as an index of vulnerability is explored with reference to the limitations in the value of axial load ratio used in R.C. design in order to secure ductile flexural behavior, and also with reference to the stability index of gravity load bearing members. Interstorey Drift Spectra are derived for the existing R.C. buildings suitable for rapid seismic vulnerability screening but also as a guide for rehabilitation of the existing structures. Lightly reinforced or substandard reinforced concrete buildings that reportedly collapsed during previous earthquakes are used as example case studies in order to calibrate the proposed methodology. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

地铁隧道爆破施工影响的邻近居民楼质点峰值振速研究

地铁隧道爆破施工时严重威胁邻近居民楼的结构安全,因此研究邻近居民楼爆破峰值振速是非常必要的。文章基于群孔荷载简化模型、柱面波理论及传统的应力波衰减理论,在考虑高程效应影响下推导质点峰值振速公式。依托乌鲁木齐地铁一号线工程,对一邻近六层居民楼的爆破施工响应进行监测,并将实测质点峰值振速、提出的修正公式预测振速和传统萨道夫公式预测的振速进行对比分析。研究结果表明:采用修正公式预测的质点峰值振速与现场实测值的分布规律一致,呈现出随着高程增大而逐渐增大的趋势;而且现场实测值与修正公式预测值相对误差较小,表明考虑高程因子的修正公式是可行的。     

建筑物防闪电感应探讨

闪电放电时会在附近的金属导体上产生静电感应和电磁感应,从而会令相互比较靠近的金属部件之间产生火花放电,严重时可能会引起火灾危险,造成事故。对建筑物如何防闪电感应进行了一些分析探讨,并提出相应的防护措施。     

A typification method for linear pattern in urban building generalisation

This paper presents a typification method for linear pattern in urban building generalization. The proposed method includes two processes. Firstly, structural knowledge in terms of linear pattern is detected using a two-step algorithm taking the advantages of Gestalt visual perception, computational geometry and graph theory. Spatial neighbourhood is captured using interpolated constrained Delaunay triangulation and the resulting proximity graph is pruned to be heterogeneous to get acceptable linear patterns with regard to Gestalt visual perception. Then, a typification strategy is proposed, in which typification is regarded as a progressive and iterative process consisting of elimination, exaggeration and displacement. The typification strategy iteratively executes eliminating the building with minimum overall effect, exaggerating remaining buildings considering key location and spatial characteristics and displacing them to preserve the linear pattern until elimination quantity is satisfied. Experiments show that this proposed strategy is effective and linear patterns are guaranteed with correctness and completeness.     

基于Python实现地理国情房屋建筑专题信息提取

房屋建筑是地理国情普查的重要要素之一。在实际生产工作中,由于高分辨率遥感影像受成像条件影响大以及人眼认知的局限,很难通过目视解译准确判读房屋建筑的边界、层高和密度等属性。此外,地理国情普查工作量大,重复性工作多,给地理国情普查工作带来一定困难。针对以上问题,以Arc GIS和Python为开发和应用环境,从现势性较好的1∶2 000地形图上批量提取房屋建筑专题数据,服务于地理国情普查工作。