Response of benthic opportunistic polychaetes and amphipods index to different perturbations in coastal oligotrophic areas (Canary archipelago,North East Atlantic Ocean)

Oligotrophic areas harbour low macrofaunal abundance and patchy distribution. In these areas it is necessary to test the reliability of biological indicators, especially those based on taxonomic sufficiency where the level of identification is balanced against the need for ecological information and could affect the efficiency of bioindicators. The BOPA (benthic opportunistic polychaetes and amphipods) index was applied in five coastal areas subjected to different perturbations (aquaculture, harbour, brine, sewage, and thermal pollution) in the Canary archipelago, an oligotrophic area of the Atlantic Ocean. Significant differences in the BOPA index between impact and control sites were only found in the area affected by a harbour. Perturbations such as aquaculture, brine or sewage discharge produce only a weak response of the BOPA index, whereas no effects were observed at thermal pollution‐impacted locations. The BOPA index should be used with caution to establish the ecological status of coastal water bodies in the Canary Islands, since it was only reliable in strongly impacted regions (enlargement harbour works), but did not respond clearly to other man‐induced perturbations.     

山东渤海沿岸第四纪地下卤水研究进展

山东渤海沿海岸广泛分布着丰富的第四纪地下卤水资源。近年来,相关部门大力开发地下卤水资源,其勘察研究程度逐渐提高。但是各勘察区域零散,山东省整个渤海沿岸地区第四纪地下卤水资源整体研究程度不够系统全面。该文在前人资料和研究成果的基础上,从3个方面对该区卤水资源的研究进展进行了综述,结合当前的研究工作分析,指出今后该区卤水资源研究的主要工作是卤水资源的可持续性利用及资源环境的可持续发展。     

湖北江陵凹陷深层高温富钾卤水特征及其成因探讨

江汉盆地江陵凹陷深处赋存高温富钾卤水,含卤地层主要是古新统沙市组。富钾卤水的分布受持续的继承性沉降中心(洼陷)、沙市组含盐系、石盐-硫酸盐沉积相的控制,聚集在砂岩、玄武岩、辉绿岩和白云岩等孔隙-裂隙内,裂隙的发育又与局部构造(背斜、盐构造等)枢纽部共轭裂隙带有关。古新世,盐湖已经蒸发浓缩到钙芒硝-石盐阶段,可能短暂达到硫酸镁盐和硫酸钾镁盐阶段。以后,原生的晶间卤水在成岩后期受到玄武岩侵入和高温流体影响,发生变质作用、去镁和去硫酸根作用,同时带入丰富的钾、铷、铯等元素,最后形成了高温富钾卤水。这种成矿过程可称为地下热事件激发成矿机制,值得进一步探讨。     

云南东川铜矿床流体演化与成矿机制研究

东川铜矿床是我国重要的沉积岩容矿的层状铜矿床(SSC),具有显著的多层位成矿特征和典型的铜硫化物分带。本研究以不同层位铜矿体的流体包裹体为研究对象,通过岩相学观察、显微测温和激光拉曼成分分析,发现东川群多层位铜矿体存在浅色和深色包裹体2种类型:浅色包裹体成分以H₂O为主,含丰富的石盐子晶和少量钾盐、硬石膏子晶,代表了氧化型含矿卤水,具中低温(140~300 ℃)、中高盐度(12%~44%)的特征,属于Na ⁺、K ⁺、Ca ²⁺-Cl ^-(SO₄ ^2-)型盆地卤水,主要来源于海相蒸发岩的溶解和层间建造水;深色的含有机质包裹体代表了还原型流体,来源于黑山组碳质板岩和落雪组中的藻类生物分解。东川铜矿床以落雪组的含叠层石砂质白云岩作为主要沉淀系统,黑山组碳质板岩为隔挡层,形成一个流体封闭的物理化学圈闭,氧化含矿卤水通过供给系统运移到具还原性质的沉淀系统中,与还原型富硫流体和含有机质的地层发生混合反应,形成多层位的层状铜矿体和层控脉状铜矿体。     

Production of Potash and N-Mg Compound Fertilizer via Mineral Shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake: Phase Diagrams of Quaternary System(NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O in the Isothermal Evaporation and Crystallization Process

Based on the requirement of the new technology for producing potassium sulfate and N-Mg compound fertilizer,boussingaultite,by the reaction of the mineral shoenite from Kunteyi Salt Lake,Qinghai province,and the industrial byproduct ammonium sulfate,the solubilities of the quaternary system (NH_4)_2SO_4-Mg SO_4-K_2SO_4-H_2O at 25.0oC in the isothermal evaporation and crystallization process were measured using the isothermal evaporation method,and the corresponding phase diagrams were plotted.According to the diagram,this system contains six saturation points and six solid phase fields of crystallization,which correspond to (K_(1-m),(NH_4)_m)_2SO_4,(NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O,Mg SO_4·6H_2O,(K_(1-n),(NH_4)_n)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and Mg SO_4·7H_2O,respectively.By analyzing and calculating the isothermal evaporation and dissolution phase diagram of this quaternary system at 25.0oC,K_2SO_4 and (NH_4)_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O can be separated via K_2SO_4·Mg SO_4·6H_2O and (NH_4)_2SO_4 as raw materials.Theoretical calculations about the proposed process were carried out and verified by experiment,which indicated that the yield of potassium sulfate was improved and the magnesium resources were fully utilized.     

蒸发岩非传统稳定同位素研究综述

蒸发岩是海水/卤水蒸发浓缩的产物,不同的水化学环境下析出的蒸发岩类型不同,其在不同的地质历史时期都有分布,是重要的古海水和古环境记录载体。蒸发岩研究的主要问题包括:蒸发岩的物质来源、形成时代、蒸发盆地和卤水的演化历史、蒸发岩矿物所记录的环境变化。一些矿物、元素及同位素指标可用于解决这些问题,其中稳定同位素对于示踪蒸发岩的物质来源与形成过程具有不可替代的作用。近20年来,非传统稳定同位素地球化学获得快速发展,并在蒸发岩研究中获得成功应用,这些同位素体系包括阴离子元素B、Cl和Br,以及阳离子元素Mg、K和Ca。本文综述了多个非传统稳定同位素在蒸发岩领域的研究,主要包括:蒸发岩矿物与溶液之间的同位素分馏系数、蒸发岩的同位素信息重建古海水同位素组成及示踪蒸发岩成因和时代等。     

Hydrochemical Dynamic Characteristics and Evolution of Underground Brine in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam Basin Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

The mineral rock salts present in the Mahai Salt Lake of the Qaidam basin exhibit high solubilities in water. In addition, the multicomponent underground brine exhibits a high salinity and is easily precipitated. In the natural state, brine transport in the brine layer is extremely slow, and the brine is in a relatively stable chemical equilibrium state with the rock salt media. However, during mining, both the seepage and the chemical fields fluctuate significantly, thereby disrupting the equilibrium and leading to variations in the chemical composition and dynamic characteristics of the brine. Therefore, we selected underground brine from the Mahai Salt Lake, collecting a total of 183 brine samples over three stages of mining (i.e., the early stage of underground brine extraction, the initial stage of mining, and the later stage of mining). Using a range of analytical techniques, the chemical dynamics of the underground brine water and its evolution were systematically studied. We found that evaporation and enrichment were the main mechanisms of underground brine evolution in the Mahai Salt Lake, with cation exchange and mineral dissolution/precipitation being key factors in determining the dynamic characteristics and evolution of the brine.     

帷幕注浆技术在钾镁盐矿风井病害治理中的应用

老挝甘猛省钾盐矿开采系统中风井穿过极易溶于水的光卤石及石盐岩岩层,建成后发现井壁后有溶腔现象,严重威胁风井的正常使用。为了确保井筒施工安全以及矿山生产正常进行,设计采用帷幕注浆对风井病害进行治理。采用自上而下孔口封闭式帷幕注浆工艺,边检查边注浆的施工方式,最终完成了对风井的加固和堵水工作。期间对光卤石及石盐层的胶结材料进行室内试验,确定了一种新型注浆材料——卤水+氧化镁浆液,并确立科学的注浆配合比。通过总结经验,为钾盐矿开采过程中防水、堵（治）水等工作的设计和施工积累了经验。     

盐湖地下卤水的开采技术及其展望

我国是农业大国,钾肥的需求量巨大,目前钾肥供应主要来源于柴达木盆地。由于目前的技术限制,钾资源的开发还局限于浅部,无法满足我国钾肥的需求,大部分钾肥还依赖于进口。总结和对比井采技术、渠采技术和CO2地质封存与深部卤水联合注采技术(CO2-EWR)表明,对浅层地下卤水的开采,井采技术和渠采技术适用,但两种技术使采卤泵、采卤管道和输卤渠容易堵塞;并且井采技术投资较大,渠采技术可能导致地下水循环受阻,因而会出现大面积的疏干区。CO2-EWR适合开采深部卤水,虽然该技术的一次性投入较大,但该技术一方面将CO2存储在深部卤水层中,另一方面将卤水驱替出含水层,是一种新型的碳捕集、利用与封存的技术(CCUS)。随着浅层卤水资源的耗竭,开展深部卤水资源的开采利用势在必行,CO2-EWR技术应用会越来越广泛。     

ICP-AES法快速测定卤水中的硫酸根

本文建立了电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-AES)法测定卤水中硫酸根含量的方法。该方法在S 182.034 nm处的检出限为0.0324 mg/L,线性范围为0.0324 -1000 mg/L。实验研究了卤水中常见共存离子对硫酸根测定的影响情况。经国家标准物质验证,结果与标准值相符。将该方法应用于实际卤水中硫酸根的测定,方法的相对标准偏差(RSD,n=11)小于2.2 %,加标回收率为98.1 %—104.4 %。将该方法的测定值与重量法的结果进行了对比,无明显系统偏差。