基于数理统计分析的数字摄影资料空三布点方案选择

采用DMC(DigitalMappingCamera)数字航摄相机的数字摄影资料取代传统的模拟航片进行空三加密,基于数理统计分析原理,提出用绘制误差折(曲)线图和误差频率曲线图来综合评价DMC空三加密成果,并将该评价方法用于比较DMC不同布点方案的优劣。试验证明,该可视化评价方法表达直观,降低了平差结果分析的复杂度,有助于空三加密成果的定性、定量评价。     

我国城乡工业联系及协调发展研究

基于城乡经济投入占用产出分析和企业与区域调查,从产业和企业两个层次,分析了我国城乡工业联系的强度和产业特点、企业间联系的型式和联系对城乡工业协调发展的作用,讨论了城乡工业联系的影响因素和协调发展的策略。     

The Zone Definition Problem in Survey Research: An Empirical Example from New York State*

This paper examines problems of zonal definition in the context of a recent empirical project on the geography of inter-firm linkages in New York State. It is argued that the results of a spatially structured survey of private companies can change significantly depending on the manner in which the study regions of the analysis are defined. Variations in the composition of study regions are a result of either changes in spatial scale, or spatial zoning at any one scale. This point is illustrated with data from 472 New York State manufacturing firms aggregated into four different zonal systems. The results of the analysis suggest that misleading interpretations of spatial data can emerge, even when logical boundaries are selected from the outset.     

四级联动的海域使用管理信息系统建设关键技术研究

海域管理信息系统即是"数字海洋"八大业务系统之一,也是海域动态监视监测系统建设的核心内容。论文在明确四级联动海域使用管理信息系统建设目标的基础上,提出其总体结构,然后探讨其实现的关键技术,即坐标统一问题、数据存储备份问题、海量数据传输与共享、视频数据获取与远程指挥和多S集成等。     

TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND THE GLOBALIZATION OF FINANCIAL SERVICES*

Financial services are undergoing a major period of internationalization. National markets are interlinked by telecommunications, a process induced through deregulation and new communications technologies. This paper reviews the recent, intertwined trends in the finance and telecommunications industries in light of urban and regional restructuring theory, cites several company-specific examples, explores the impacts on the international urban hierarchy and the labor process (e.g., back offices), and assesses the role of teleports. Finally, it offers an agenda for further research.     

Mountain hazards and the resilience of social–ecological systems: lessons learned in India and Canada

Mountain regions are subject to a variety of hazardous processes. Earthquakes, landslides, snow avalanches, floods, debris flows, epidemics and fires, among other processes, have caused injury, death, damage and destruction. They also face challenges from increased populations, and expansion and intensification of␣activities, land uses and infrastructure. The combination of a dynamic bio- geophysical environment and intensified human use has increased the vulnerability of mountain social–ecological systems to risk from hazards. The ability of social–ecological systems to build resilience in the context of hazards is an important factor in their long-term sustainability. The role of resilience building in understanding the impact of hazards in mountain areas is examined and illustrated, in part, through examples from Canada and India. Resilient social–ecological systems have the ability to learn and adjust, use all forms of knowledge, to self-organize and to develop positive institutional linkages with other social–ecological systems in the face of hazards. The analysis suggests that traditional social–ecological systems built resilience through avoidance, which was effective for localized hazards. The more recent development and implementation of cross-scale institutional linkages is shown to be a particularly effective means of resilience building in mountain social–ecological systems in the face of all hazards.     

CLUSTERS AND COMPLEXES OF MEDIUM-SIZED URBAN MANUFACTURING SYSTEMS: TWO CASE STUDIES IN BRAZIL *

Industrial linkages of two medium-sized Brazilian urban manufacturing systems are analyzed. Clusters are similar to those of the national economy while complexes are uneven for the two cities which implies that neither the size nor the diversity of the local industry influences the evolution of complexes. Development depends on time and on the volume (threshold) of manufacturing activity. If manufacturing complexes are carefully implemented and maintained, medium-sized centers might become viable manufacturing growth center communities.     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Main Street: Northeastern Oregon: The Founding and Development of Small Towns . Barbara Ruth Bailey . Food Politics: The Regional Conflict . David N. Balaam and Michael J. Carey , eds. The International Economy and Industrial Development: Trade and Investment in the Third World . R. Ballance , J. Ansari and H. Singer . Neighborhoods in Urban America . Ronald H. Bayor , ed. The English Heartland . By Robert Beckinsale and Monica Beckinsale . Regional Dimensions of Industrial Policy . Michael E. Bell and Paul S. Lande , eds. Tension Areas of the World . D. Gordon Bennett , ed. Latin America: an Introductory Survey . B. W. Blouet and O. M. Blouet , eds. Integration and Division: Geographical Perspectives on the Northern Ireland Problem . Frederick W. Boal and J. Neville H. Douglas , eds. Energy and Land Use . Robert W. Burchell and David Listokin , eds. Slopes and Weathering . Michael Clarke and John Small . Alaska's Rural Development . Peter G. Cornwall and Gerald Mc Beath , eds. The Politics of Park Design: A History of Urban Parks in America . Galen Cranz . World Congress on Land Policy, 1980, Proceedings . Matthew Cullen and Sharon Woolery , eds. Oregon Divided: A Regional Geography . Samuel N. Dicken and Emily F. Dicken . Urban Food Marketing and Third World Rural Development . T. Scarlett Epstein . South Africa: Spatial Frameworks for Development . T. J. D. Fair . Institutions and Geographical Patterns . Robin Flowerdew , ed. Industrialization of U.S. Agriculture, An Interpretive Atlas . Howard F. Gregor . Planning Theory: Prospects for the 1980s . Patsy Healy , Glen Mc Dougall and Michael J. Thomas , eds. Neighborhood Mobilization: Redevelopment and Response . Jeffrey R. Henig . The American Urban System: A Geographical Perspective . R. J. Johnston . Climate, History and the Modern World . Hubert H. Lamb . Climate and History: Studies in Past Climates and Their Impact on Man . T. M. L. Wigley , M. J. Ingram and G. Farmer . China: Railways and Agricultural Development, 1875–1935 . Ernest P. Liang . A Desirable Energy Future—A National Perspective . Robert S. Livingston , T. D. Anderson , T. M. Besmann , M. Olszewski , A. M. Perry , and C. D. West . Topothesia: Essays Presented to T. S. Ó Máille . B. S. Mac Aodha , ed. Transportation for the Poor: Research in Rural Mobility . Hal S. Maggied . Land Uses in American Cities . Harold M. Mayer and Charles R. Haves . Industrial Organisation and Location . Philip Mc Dermott and Michael Taylor . Human Adaptability: an Introduction to Ecological Anthropology . Emilio F. Moran . Regional Analysis and the New International Division of Labor . Frank Moulaert and Patricia W. Salinas , eds. The Nuclear War Atlas. Victoriaville, Quebec, Canada : Urbanization and Environmental Quality . Isao Orishimo . The Garden of Eden: The Botanic Garden and the Re-Creation of Paradise . John Prest . Earthfire, The Eruption of Mount St. Helens . Charles Rosenfeld and Robert Cooke . Contest for the South China Sea . Marwyn S. Samuels . The Future of the Wetlands: Assessing Visual-Cultural Values . Richard C. Smardon , ed. Tucson: the Life and Times of An American City. C. L. Sonnichsen . The Geography of Multinationals . Michael Taylor and Nigel Thrift , eds. Impact of Marine Pollution on Society . Virginia Tippie and Dana Kester . Reviving the Industrial City: the Politics of Urban Renewal in Lyon and Birmingham . Jerry A. Webman . Andean Reflections: Letters from Carl O. Sauer While on a South American Trip under a Grant from the Rockefeller Foundation, 1942 . Robert C. West , ed. Cartographic Drawing with Computers . P. Yoeli .     

功能联系视角下珠三角扩容的规划探索

新型城镇化进程中,合理、有序地引导城市群扩容已经日益成为重要的规划议题。基于相关文献,研究归纳了功能联系视角下城市群空间网络的主要特征。首先,城市联系的绝对强度是界定城市群的重要依据;其次,相对于外部的城市联系,城市群内部的功能联系分配应占有明显优势的相对比例;再次,城市群内部网络应以多向联系为主,而非指向单一的中心城市。在这一原则下,以广东新型城镇化战略的区域空间结构为目标,从联系强度、网络群集性、空间邻近性等指标进行综合判别,实现了对清远、河源、阳江、汕尾和云浮5个潜在扩容对象城市的优选比较,提出了珠三角城市群近期扩容的优选对象,在此基础上,结合定性比较的方式对广东区域空间结构的长远发展提出了规划展望。