构造控制下的蚀变—矿化体的形成——以冀西北崇礼中山沟金矿为例

冀北崇礼县中山沟金矿是产出在水泉沟碱性杂岩体内的脉状矿床,受近N—S向断裂构造控制明显。矿化蚀变主要有钾化、硅化、泥质岩化和绿帘石化等。矿石主要呈脉状、细脉状和角砾状产出。根据不同蚀变的矿物组合和穿插关系,成矿阶段可分为钾化—贫硫化物、乳白色石英—硫化物阶段、强硅化—硫化物阶段和碳酸盐化阶段,金矿化主要与强硅化—硫化物阶段密切相关。通过详细的构造测量和矿床地球化学研究,钾化—贫硫化物阶段受左旋构造运动控制,可能为中温、中盐度（330~290℃;4. 65%~6. 88%NaCleq）的含碳热液与大气降水混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 5. 26‰~6. 76‰;δDV SMOW: -96. 3‰~89. 9‰）作用形成。硅化—硫化物阶段是由左旋运动向右旋伸展作用转变的结果,并发生了高角度大规模充填。由于发生大规模流体沸腾和热液混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 0. 41‰~6. 47‰;δDV SMOW: -80. 2‰~-92. 9‰）,在右旋张性脉形成乳白色石英—硫化物阶段,在右旋压扭性构造中形成脉型、细脉型硫化物和角砾岩性矿化,并与强硅化带伴生。成矿流体晚期阶段,碳酸盐化是最普遍的蚀变类型。稳定同位素（碳—氢—氧—硫）测试结果表明,含矿热液是高度演化的岩浆水和大气降水混溶的产物,部分碳可能源自地幔,并与岩浆作用有关;明显负δ34SV CDT（-11. 2‰~-24. 8‰）表明成矿热液呈现高氧逸度。放射同位素（氦—铅）组成表明,成矿物质中的铅和氦可能部分源自地幔流体。因此,中山沟金矿构造—矿化—蚀变的形成可能与岩浆作用有关,为与幔枝构造有关的中温中硫热液矿床。     

The kinematics and zero-point of the log P–〈MK〉 relation for Galactic RR Lyrae variables via statistical parallax

We use accurate absolute proper motions and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey   K_s   -band apparent magnitudes for 364 Galactic RR Lyrae variables to determine the kinematical parameters of the Galactic RR Lyrae population and constrain the zero-point of the   K_s   -band period–luminosity relation for these stars via statistical parallax. We find the mean velocities of the halo- and thick-disc RR Lyrae populations in the solar neighbourhood to be  [ U ₀(Halo), V ₀(Halo), W ₀(Halo)]= (−12 ± 10, −217 ± 9, −6 ± 6) km s⁻¹  and  [ U ₀(Disc), V ₀(Disc), W ₀(Disc)]= (−15 ± 7, −44 ± 7, −25 ± 5) km s⁻¹  , respectively, and the corresponding components of the velocity-dispersion ellipsoids,  [σ V_R (Halo), σ V _θ(Halo), σ W (Halo)]= (167 ± 9, 86 ± 6, 78 ± 5) km s⁻¹  and  [σ V_R (Disc), σ V _θ(Disc), σ W (Disc)]= (55 ± 7, 44 ± 6, 30 ± 4) km s⁻¹  , respectively. The fraction of thick-disc stars is estimated at  0.25 ± 0.03  . The corrected infrared period–luminosity relation is     , implying a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) distance modulus of  18.27 ± 0.08  and a solar Galactocentric distance of  7.58 ± 0.40 kpc  . Our results suggest no or slightly prograde rotation for the population of halo RR Lyraes in the Milky Way.     

贵州大湾煤矿复杂地层井下定向钻进施工技术

针对大湾煤矿地区复杂煤层地质构造,采用前进式开分支孔布孔方法,用于探测煤层顶底板位置,精确探明煤层走向,为抽掘采提供依据,为后续工作做好前期准备。贵州大湾煤矿在历年瓦斯鉴定中均被定为瓦斯矿井,瓦斯孔施工采取普通钻进工艺时,会遇到钻进工作量大、孔深达不到要求、施钻轨迹无法精准控制、钻孔瓦斯浓度抽采率低等问题。采取顺层定向孔方法在已探明的煤层中施工长距离钻孔,可实现对复杂煤层远距离瓦斯抽采。现场试验表明：采用前进式开分支孔工艺,能够实现复杂煤层地质构造精确探顶,探明钻孔见煤段高达75%;通过优化钻孔设计与高精度控制钻孔轨迹大大增加了顺层定向孔在复杂煤层中的覆盖率,钻孔见煤段达63.7%,提高了瓦斯抽采效率,为巷道的抽掘采工作打好了基础。     

定向钻进技术发展与展望

我国定向钻进技术的研究已进入世界先进国家行列。列举了我国在定向钻进器具方面的科研成果及典型的定向钻进应用实例,着重介绍了目前国际上与定向钻进有关的先进技术,并就我国拓宽定向钻进应用新领域及相应需要研究的新技术提出了参考性建议。     

Modelling RR Lyrae pulsation: mission (im)possible?

In order to make an in-depth comparison between theory and observations, we analyse the light and velocity curves of various hydrodynamical models simulating RRab stars. The observations are represented by empirical formulae, derived in this and our earlier papers. It is shown that the overwhelming majority of the models tested do not follow the empirical relations regarding the shape of the light curves and the physical parameters. In almost all cases the luminosities predicted from the model light curves are significantly lower than the corresponding model values. The overall discrepancy of the models is an important indication of the limitation of the applicability of the present theoretical light and velocity curves in the determination of the physical parameters of these stars. In transforming the theoretical data to the observed light curves in V colour and in computing the observed radial velocities, it is shown that both bolometric correction and tracing the line-forming regions have considerable effects on the evaluation of the observed quantities. In an effort to resolve the discrepancy between theory and observations, it is suggested that a proper evaluation of the bolometric correction and radial velocity based on complete dynamical atmosphere models may be a useful step in this direction.     

认识珠江,保护珠江--试论广州至虎门潮汐水道的特性和保护问题

广州城下的珠江（广州至虎门）下属河成水道,而是潮道－潮成水道。论述了这一水道的成因和动力地貌特点,强调指出了这一潮道体系中潮滩和潮汐汊道存在的重要性。认为洙江的保护必须首次注意保护好潮滩（潮道中的近岸浅滩）,即不要再缩窄江面;其次是不能随意将潮道四周平原上的潮汐汊道堵塞或消灭     

Source of ore-forming material for the Huangtuliang gold deposit,Hebei Province and ore prospecting in the deep periphery

The Huangtuliang gold deposit is characterized by its wide and large ore belt, stable extension and closely spaced orebodies. Unfortunately, no orebody was found by deep drilling. As a result, ore prospecting in this region was once put into dilemma. Detailed analysis of ore-forming and ore-controlling structures in the mining district by the authors has revealed that the ore-forming and ore-controlling structure in this mining district is a steeply dipping （85°-110°/∠70°-85° N-NNE）, spade-shaped ductile shear zone, and the ore-controlling structures are a series of nearly erected second-ordered faults which are developed in the upper part of the ductile shear zone, inter-secting with the ductile shear zone. Deep cutting of the ductile shear zone made it possible the ascending of ore fluids from the mantle plume at depth and these ore fluids would migrate upwards along the ductile shear zone under certain temperature and pressure conditions. Along their ascending path, the ore fluids would extract ore-forming elements from the country rocks and the extracted ore-forming elements would be deposited as ores in the hang- ing-wall second-ordered faults. The reason why no orebody was found in early prospecting at depth is that north- ward-dipping drilling in the southern part of the shear zone extended so deeply as to be beneath the shear zone. Only shallow-level orebodies could be found by southward-dipping drilling practice in the northern part of the shear zone. The location where deep-seated orebodies occurred shifted northwards and the orebodies occurred at greater depth. Therefore, it is natural that no orebody could be found when drill core passed through the shear zone. After the ore-forming and ore-controlling structures were well understood, the focus of ore prospecting was placed on the deep-level, northward-penetrating veins. In this way a number of new blind orebodies of great thickness have been found. On the basis of research development in the mining district, a prospecting plan has been made     

Vilnius photometry of the red horizontal branch stars in the Galactic thick disk

The photometric observations and three-dimensional classification in the Vilnius system have been carried out for 13 of the red horizontal branch (RHB) stars in the Galactic thick disk identified by Rose (1985). The photometric spectral types, metallicities [Fe/H], effective temperatures, surface gravities and absolute magnitudes are determined. The age of about 10–12 Gyr is evaluated for this group of stars from comparison with model isochrones, indicating that the age of the thick disk is intermediate between the disk globular and the oldest open clusters.