固—液反应体系CaF2—HCl—H2O内化学振荡的动力学模型

本文根据物理化学基本原理，提出HF的表面吸附催化机制对于CaF2-HCl-H2O固－液反应体系溶解振荡起着关键性作用。同时建立了该 体系的动力学模型，研究其振荡现象的非线性动力学起因，虽然这一数学模型是基于CSTR反应器为对象而建立的，不过其基本的结论对叠层式流动反应器的情况也是适用的。     

Control of active faults and sea level changes on the distribution of shallow gas accumulations and gas-related seismic structures along the central branch of the North Anatolian Fault,southern Marmara shelf,Turkey

Detailed reviews of multichannel seismic reflection, sparker, chirp and multibeam data that were collected on the southern Marmara Sea shelf revealed various shallow gas indicators and related sedimentary structures, including enhanced reflections, seismic chimneys, acoustic blanking, bright spots, pockmarks, mound-like features and seeps. Seismic attribute analyses were applied to characterise the existence of gas-bearing sediments. The distribution of shallow gas indicators provides important insights into their origin and the geological factors that control them. Prominent gas accumulations and seeps are observed along the profiles that cross the branches of the central segment of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, which indicates that the gas seeps are controlled by active faulting. This indicates that the faults act as conduits through the sedimentary column. The dense occurrences of gas directly off the river mouths along the shallow bays provide clues about the organic-rich carbon content of the sediments and biogenic methane generation. In some areas, the gas-related acoustic anomalies are mostly located in the upper sediments below the marine unit, which indicates that the gas emissions in these areas were terminated as a result of the increased overburden pressure after the Holocene sea level rise and the deposition of the marine unit.     

蚁群算法在 InSAR 相位解缠中的应用

相位解缠是InSAR信号处理的关键过程,针对传统的枝切法存在枝切线整体长度过长和容易产生解缠"孤岛"现象等问题,基于蚁群算法提出一种改进的枝切法,通过对传统的枝切线进行优化,有效地减少枝切线长度。采用伊朗Bam地区的InSAR图像数据对算法进行实验计算与分析,表明本文算法所需设置的枝切线整体长度较短,能获得更好的相位解缠效果。     

长江口北支中全新世以来环境演变变异事件及影响因素

对崇明岛北侧的永隆沙钻孔进行了系统的采样和粒度、微体古生物、环境磁学以及C^14测年等分析，大致恢复了长江口北支古地理环境演变的过程。通过环境磁学和微体古生物分析，揭示了在2080～2000、700～625aBP这两段历史时期，长江口北支表现为河口沙坝亚环境和河口河槽亚环境。这两次环境变异事件记录了长江主泓南北迁移的事实。长江河道的变迁受到诸多因素的影响，科氏力的作用是长江口不断南偏这一发展总趋势的主要原因，海平面上升与气候的变化则是长江主泓南北摆动的主要影响因素。     

构造控制下的蚀变—矿化体的形成——以冀西北崇礼中山沟金矿为例

冀北崇礼县中山沟金矿是产出在水泉沟碱性杂岩体内的脉状矿床,受近N—S向断裂构造控制明显。矿化蚀变主要有钾化、硅化、泥质岩化和绿帘石化等。矿石主要呈脉状、细脉状和角砾状产出。根据不同蚀变的矿物组合和穿插关系,成矿阶段可分为钾化—贫硫化物、乳白色石英—硫化物阶段、强硅化—硫化物阶段和碳酸盐化阶段,金矿化主要与强硅化—硫化物阶段密切相关。通过详细的构造测量和矿床地球化学研究,钾化—贫硫化物阶段受左旋构造运动控制,可能为中温、中盐度（330~290℃;4. 65%~6. 88%NaCleq）的含碳热液与大气降水混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 5. 26‰~6. 76‰;δDV SMOW: -96. 3‰~89. 9‰）作用形成。硅化—硫化物阶段是由左旋运动向右旋伸展作用转变的结果,并发生了高角度大规模充填。由于发生大规模流体沸腾和热液混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 0. 41‰~6. 47‰;δDV SMOW: -80. 2‰~-92. 9‰）,在右旋张性脉形成乳白色石英—硫化物阶段,在右旋压扭性构造中形成脉型、细脉型硫化物和角砾岩性矿化,并与强硅化带伴生。成矿流体晚期阶段,碳酸盐化是最普遍的蚀变类型。稳定同位素（碳—氢—氧—硫）测试结果表明,含矿热液是高度演化的岩浆水和大气降水混溶的产物,部分碳可能源自地幔,并与岩浆作用有关;明显负δ34SV CDT（-11. 2‰~-24. 8‰）表明成矿热液呈现高氧逸度。放射同位素（氦—铅）组成表明,成矿物质中的铅和氦可能部分源自地幔流体。因此,中山沟金矿构造—矿化—蚀变的形成可能与岩浆作用有关,为与幔枝构造有关的中温中硫热液矿床。     

The kinematics and zero-point of the log P–〈MK〉 relation for Galactic RR Lyrae variables via statistical parallax

We use accurate absolute proper motions and Two-Micron All-Sky Survey   K_s   -band apparent magnitudes for 364 Galactic RR Lyrae variables to determine the kinematical parameters of the Galactic RR Lyrae population and constrain the zero-point of the   K_s   -band period–luminosity relation for these stars via statistical parallax. We find the mean velocities of the halo- and thick-disc RR Lyrae populations in the solar neighbourhood to be  [ U ₀(Halo), V ₀(Halo), W ₀(Halo)]= (−12 ± 10, −217 ± 9, −6 ± 6) km s⁻¹  and  [ U ₀(Disc), V ₀(Disc), W ₀(Disc)]= (−15 ± 7, −44 ± 7, −25 ± 5) km s⁻¹  , respectively, and the corresponding components of the velocity-dispersion ellipsoids,  [σ V_R (Halo), σ V _θ(Halo), σ W (Halo)]= (167 ± 9, 86 ± 6, 78 ± 5) km s⁻¹  and  [σ V_R (Disc), σ V _θ(Disc), σ W (Disc)]= (55 ± 7, 44 ± 6, 30 ± 4) km s⁻¹  , respectively. The fraction of thick-disc stars is estimated at  0.25 ± 0.03  . The corrected infrared period–luminosity relation is     , implying a Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) distance modulus of  18.27 ± 0.08  and a solar Galactocentric distance of  7.58 ± 0.40 kpc  . Our results suggest no or slightly prograde rotation for the population of halo RR Lyraes in the Milky Way.     

贵州大湾煤矿复杂地层井下定向钻进施工技术

针对大湾煤矿地区复杂煤层地质构造,采用前进式开分支孔布孔方法,用于探测煤层顶底板位置,精确探明煤层走向,为抽掘采提供依据,为后续工作做好前期准备。贵州大湾煤矿在历年瓦斯鉴定中均被定为瓦斯矿井,瓦斯孔施工采取普通钻进工艺时,会遇到钻进工作量大、孔深达不到要求、施钻轨迹无法精准控制、钻孔瓦斯浓度抽采率低等问题。采取顺层定向孔方法在已探明的煤层中施工长距离钻孔,可实现对复杂煤层远距离瓦斯抽采。现场试验表明：采用前进式开分支孔工艺,能够实现复杂煤层地质构造精确探顶,探明钻孔见煤段高达75%;通过优化钻孔设计与高精度控制钻孔轨迹大大增加了顺层定向孔在复杂煤层中的覆盖率,钻孔见煤段达63.7%,提高了瓦斯抽采效率,为巷道的抽掘采工作打好了基础。     

华北东部地幔热柱的特征与演化

燕山运动以来,华北东部地区发生了翻天覆地之构造转变,构造体制从印支期末华北地块与扬子地块的拼贴-增生,转变为地幔热柱演化-区域伸展断陷。华北地幔热柱强烈上隆过程中,在岩石圈底部受阻并呈蘑菇状向外拆离流变,在使上部岩石圈发生热减薄-断陷的同时,向外拆离流变的地幔岩在盆地外围受到韧性剪切带的切割,导致深熔岩浆活动并带动围岩上隆,形成一系列次级隆起(幔枝构造)。地形地貌上亦从东部隆起的高原转变为一盆多山耦合格局——地幔热柱上部的热减薄断(拗)陷与外围的一系列幔枝构造的空间有机组合,即华北东部裂陷盆地西与太行造山带、北与燕山造山带、东与朝鲜半岛、南与大别造山带(即中心裂陷盆地与外围各幔枝构造)均为盆-山耦合关系。     

定向钻进技术发展与展望

我国定向钻进技术的研究已进入世界先进国家行列。列举了我国在定向钻进器具方面的科研成果及典型的定向钻进应用实例,着重介绍了目前国际上与定向钻进有关的先进技术,并就我国拓宽定向钻进应用新领域及相应需要研究的新技术提出了参考性建议。     

Modelling RR Lyrae pulsation: mission (im)possible?

In order to make an in-depth comparison between theory and observations, we analyse the light and velocity curves of various hydrodynamical models simulating RRab stars. The observations are represented by empirical formulae, derived in this and our earlier papers. It is shown that the overwhelming majority of the models tested do not follow the empirical relations regarding the shape of the light curves and the physical parameters. In almost all cases the luminosities predicted from the model light curves are significantly lower than the corresponding model values. The overall discrepancy of the models is an important indication of the limitation of the applicability of the present theoretical light and velocity curves in the determination of the physical parameters of these stars. In transforming the theoretical data to the observed light curves in V colour and in computing the observed radial velocities, it is shown that both bolometric correction and tracing the line-forming regions have considerable effects on the evaluation of the observed quantities. In an effort to resolve the discrepancy between theory and observations, it is suggested that a proper evaluation of the bolometric correction and radial velocity based on complete dynamical atmosphere models may be a useful step in this direction.