浅层人工地震和地质雷达在城市活动断层探测中的联合应用?以鹤壁市汤东断裂为例

浅层人工地震勘探是探查城市隐伏活动断层最有效的手段之一,然而受近地表探测盲区和探测分辨率的限制,该方法难以获取活动断层超浅层上断点的准确埋深位置。地质雷达探测方法在一定程度上可弥补浅层人工地震勘探的不足。为探索浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测的联合应用效果,分析其在城市隐伏活动断层探测中的应用潜力,选取河南省鹤壁市汤东断裂西支为研究对象,并在冯屯村和前交卸村分别开展联合探测,获取高信噪比的浅层人工地震反射剖面和地质雷达剖面。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的冯屯村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为60～70 m,地质雷达探测揭示的上断点埋深约为2.5 m,结合平均沉积速率推测汤东断裂西支在冯屯村的最新活动时代约为25 ka。浅层人工地震勘探揭示的前交卸村处汤东断裂西支上断点埋深为50～60 m,地质雷达探测揭示出汤东断裂西支在前交卸村处未造成近地表约10 m以内的地层断错。研究结果表明,在城市隐伏活动断层探测中,采用浅层人工地震勘探和地质雷达探测相结合的方法,不但可有效确定活动断层的位置,且可进一步约束活动断层上断点的准确埋深,有利于指导后期地震地质勘探中的探槽和钻孔布设。     

构造控制下的蚀变—矿化体的形成——以冀西北崇礼中山沟金矿为例

冀北崇礼县中山沟金矿是产出在水泉沟碱性杂岩体内的脉状矿床,受近N—S向断裂构造控制明显。矿化蚀变主要有钾化、硅化、泥质岩化和绿帘石化等。矿石主要呈脉状、细脉状和角砾状产出。根据不同蚀变的矿物组合和穿插关系,成矿阶段可分为钾化—贫硫化物、乳白色石英—硫化物阶段、强硅化—硫化物阶段和碳酸盐化阶段,金矿化主要与强硅化—硫化物阶段密切相关。通过详细的构造测量和矿床地球化学研究,钾化—贫硫化物阶段受左旋构造运动控制,可能为中温、中盐度（330~290℃;4. 65%~6. 88 %NaCleq）的含碳热液与大气降水混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 5. 26‰~6. 76‰;δDV SMOW: -96. 3‰~89. 9‰）作用形成。硅化—硫化物阶段是由左旋运动向右旋伸展作用转变的结果,并发生了高角度大规模充填。由于发生大规模流体沸腾和热液混溶（δ18OH2O, V SMOW: 0. 41‰~6. 47‰;δDV SMOW: -80. 2‰~-92. 9‰）,在右旋张性脉形成乳白色石英—硫化物阶段,在右旋压扭性构造中形成脉型、细脉型硫化物和角砾岩性矿化,并与强硅化带伴生。成矿流体晚期阶段,碳酸盐化是最普遍的蚀变类型。稳定同位素（碳—氢—氧—硫）测试结果表明,含矿热液是高度演化的岩浆水和大气降水混溶的产物,部分碳可能源自地幔,并与岩浆作用有关;明显负δ34SV CDT（-11. 2‰~-24. 8‰）表明成矿热液呈现高氧逸度。放射同位素（氦—铅）组成表明,成矿物质中的铅和氦可能部分源自地幔流体。因此,中山沟金矿构造—矿化—蚀变的形成可能与岩浆作用有关,为与幔枝构造有关的中温中硫热液矿床。     

RUPTURE CHARACTERISTICS OF LATE QUATERNARY STRONG EARTHQUAKES ON THE WESTERN BRANCH OF THE XIAOJIANG FAULT ZONE

The Xiaojiang fault zone is located in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, the boundary faults of Sichuan-Yunnan block and South China block. The largest historical earthquake in Yunnan Province, with magnitude 8 occurred on the western branch of the Xiaojiang Fault in Songming County, 1833. Research on the Late Quaternary surface deformation and strong earthquake rupture behavior on the Xiaojiang Fault is crucial to understand the future seismic risk of the fault zone and the Sichuan-Yunnan region, even crucial for the study of tectonic evolution of the southeastern margin of Tibetan plateau. We have some new understanding through several large trenches excavated on the western branch of the Xiaojiang fault zone. We excavated a large trench at Caohaizi and identified six paleoseismic events, named U through Z from the oldest to the youngest. Ages of these six events are constrained at 40000-36300BC, 35400-24800BC, 9500BC-500AD, 390-720AD, 1120-1620AD and 1750AD-present. The Ganhaizi trench revealed three paleoearthquakes, named GHZ-E1 to GHZ-E3 from the oldest to the youngest. Ages of the three events are constrained at 3300BC-400AD, 770-1120AD, 1460AD-present. The Dafendi trench revealed three paleoearthquakes, named E1 to E3 from the oldest to the youngest, and their ages are constrained at 22300-19600BC, 18820-18400BC, and 18250-present. Caohaizi and Ganhaizi trenches are excavated on the western branch of the Xiaojiang Fault, the distance between them is 400m. We constrained four late Holocene paleoearthquakes with progressive constraining method, which are respectively at 500-720AD, 770-1120AD, AD 1460-1620 and 1833AD, with an average recurrence interval of 370~440a. Large earthquake recurrence in the late Holocene is less than the recurrence interval of~900a as proposed in the previous studies. Thus, the seismic hazard on the Xiaojiang Fault should be reevaluated. We excavated a large trench at Dafendi, about 30km away south of Caohaizi trench. Combining with previous paleoseismological research, it is found that the western branch of Xiaojiang Fault was likely to be dominated by segmented rupturing in the period from late of Late Pleistocene to early and middle Holocene, while it was characterized by large earthquakes clustering and whole segment rupturing since late Holocene.     

S型定向分枝孔监控预测数学模型

由于目前随钻监测技术还处于较低的水平,因此利用离散的测斜数据对钻进过程和钻进效果进行监控和预测,对于钻孔施工显得尤为重要．作者研究了Ｓ型走向分枝孔的施工控制措施,建立了Ｓ型定向分枝孔的监控预测数学模型,包括造斜段监控、中靶预测、跟踪设计,同时还研究了长孔段中靶预测数学模型．利用这些数学模型和微机可以对Ｓ型定向分枝孔的施工进行综合的、较准确的控制。所有这些对Ｌ型和更复杂的定向分枝孔的施工监控措施都很有意义．     

海南地区东三段水下分流河道砂体的识别与预测

研究区构造高部位三角洲前缘储层发育程度较差,对储层成因及岩性油气藏分布规律研究有待深入.针对储层成因与分布等问题,本文运用层序地层对比与砂体成因分析等手段,发现研究区在北西低、南东高、沟谷相间的古地貌背景下,东三段发育了三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体.以砂体的成因信息为线索,依据砂体的地球物理响应特征,运用种子点追踪与沿层属性提取等手段预测了三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体的分布.预测结果表明,古地貌控制了水下分流河道砂体的展布,水下分流河道砂体的上倾尖灭部位是开展岩性油气藏勘探的有利目标.     

Seasonal characteristics and forcing mechanisms of the surface Kuroshio branch intrusion into the South China Sea

Using observational data of Argos satellite-tracked drifters from 1988 to 2012, we analyzed seasonal characteristics of the surface Kuroshio branch(KB) intrusion into the South China Sea(SCS). The analysis results are as follows.The surface KB originates from the southern Balintang Channel(BLTC) and Babuyan Channel(BBYC). It begins in late September, reaches peak strength in November–December, and declines at the end of March. The mean speed of drifters along the KB path during their traverse of the Luzon Strait(LS) was 43% faster than during the two days before entering the LS for the flow originating from the southern BLTC, but there was a 24% increase in speed for the flow from the BBYC. The observations show that in winter, monthly-mean sea-level anomalies(SLAs) were positive southwest of Taiwan Island and extended to the northern LS. The SLAs were negative northwest of Luzon Island and extended to the southern LS, which acted like a pump, forcing a part of Kuroshio water westward into the SCS. The condition under which the KB forms was solved by a set of simplified motion equations. The results indicate that whether the KB can form depends upon the sea-level gradient at the central LS and region to the west, as well as the location, speed and direction of Kuroshio surface water when it enters the LS.     

高铁网络化下东北地区旅游空间结构动态演变分析

运用GIS空间分析方法测度高铁对东北城市旅游交通可达性的影响,进而分析高铁网络化下东北城市旅游市场出现的新特征、新变化。研究发现：① 高铁极大提升了东北城市旅游交通可达性整体水平,可达性空间格局呈现明显的“高铁廊道效应”。网络化形成进程中,可达性空间格局变化由主干道运行期的“极化特征”向支线完善期的“均衡特征”转变,东北“全域式旅游”发展格局开始形成;② 主干道形成期,高铁以“虹吸效应”为主导,加剧了东北旅游市场发展的不均衡,促进哈大旅游经济带形成;支线完善期,高铁以“扩散效应”为主导,均衡式发展格局开始凸显;③ 高铁推动了东北城市“同城化”发展进程,市内游、周边游模式将发生改变,省际游、跨地区游模式将逐步盛行。     

利用拉格朗日方法探究黑潮近岸分支流在2019年春季的起源深度

基于ROMS (regional ocean modelling system)模式模拟出2019年春季东海以及临近海域的环流结构和温盐分布。利用拉格朗日方法定量地研究了2019年春季黑潮近岸分支流在台湾以东起源的深度在100—450 m范围内,平均深度约260 m。通过针对台湾海峡流和台湾以东黑潮强度的敏感性实验,进一步得出结论,增大(减小)的台湾以东黑潮流速会减小(增大)黑潮近岸分支流的强度。而增大(减小)的台湾海峡流流速会增大(减小)黑潮近岸分支流的强度。同时,增大(减小)的台湾以东黑潮流会减小(增大)黑潮近岸分支流起源的平均深度。增大(减小)的台湾海峡流流速也会减小(增大)黑潮近岸分支流起源的平均深度。相关结论可为台湾东北黑潮入侵东海变化规律的研究提供参考。     

Pulsational MV versus [Fe/H] relation(s) for globular cluster RR Lyrae variables

We use the results from recent computations of updated non-linear convective pulsating models to constrain the distance modulus of Galactic globular clusters through the observed periods of first-overtone (RR _c ) pulsators. The resulting relation between the mean absolute magnitude of RR Lyrae stars 〈 M _V (RR)〉 and the heavy element content [Fe/H] appears well in the range of several previous empirical calibrations, but with a non-linear dependence on [Fe/H] so that the slope of the relation increases when moving towards larger metallicities. On this ground, our results suggest that metal-poor ([Fe/H]<−1.5) and metal-rich ([Fe/H]>−1.5) variables follow two different linear 〈 M _V (RR)〉−[Fe/H] relations. Application to RR Lyrae stars in the metal-poor globular clusters of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) provides an LMC distance modulus of the order of 18.6 mag, thus supporting the 'long' distance scale. The comparison with recent predictions based on updated stellar evolution theory is briefly presented and discussed.     

南汀河西支断裂北东段最新活动性分析

南汀河西支断裂由南西段、中段和北东段组成,被认为是滇西南临沧地区规模最大的活动断裂。南汀河西支断裂北东段（盘河农场一云县盆地段）顺盘河、南桥河展布,延伸至云县盆地。通过分析该段断裂的活动表现、断裂活动环境及地震活动表现,认为南汀河西支断裂北东段最新活动大致在中更新世一晚更新世,晚第四纪活动较弱。