含细粒砂土反常剪切行为的数值模拟研究

针对含细颗粒砂土的反常剪切行为,开展了双轴剪切试验的数值模拟,从宏细观角度分析了其反常剪切行为发生的内在机制。数值模拟结果表明,增加围压能提高含细颗粒砂土的抗剪切液化能力,该反常行为的根本原因在于围压上升使得粗细颗粒更有效地参与了力链传递,增加了颗粒间的接触,增强了土体的密实度。细颗粒在土骨架中的移动对砂土的液化起着至关重要的作用,而粗颗粒仅起次要作用。研究表明,细颗粒在剪切过程中会持续从有效土骨架中移出成为无效颗粒,而部分粗颗粒也因失去细颗粒的支撑作用会脱离土骨架,直至试样最终液化。细颗粒一般参与土骨架中的弱力链,而粗颗粒则一般参与强力链,导致细颗粒较粗颗粒更容易在土骨架中移动。     

三维地震观测系统满覆盖边界的讨论

针对采用综合平面图法设计的三维束状观测系统成果中满覆盖次数边界与绿山(MESA)软件设计结果存在差别的问题,从面元及覆盖次数的概念出发,将面元细分为纵向面元尺寸和横向面元尺寸,通过对纵向观测系统和横向观测系统具体分析,指出上述两种设计手段存在差别的原因,找出了对综合平面图法设计成果中满覆盖次数边界进行修正的方法。      

Population size and exploitation rate of snapper,Chrysophrys auratus,in the Hauraki Gulf from tagging experiments, 1975–76

The results of three snapper tagging cruises in the Hauraki Gulf area to estimate population size and annual exploition rate are presented. Eight hundred and thirty‐two snapper were tagged around Great Barrier Island in August 1975; in the inner Hauraki Gulf 1743 were tagged in June 1976 and 2685 in October 1976. Estimates of tag loss due to the combined effect of shedding of tags and tagging mortality were made, and the crude tag return rates were adjusted accordingly. The combined returns from commercial and amateur fishermen for the first year after tagging, adjusted for tag loss, were: Great Barrier Island, 19 (2.3%); inner Hauraki Gulf, June tagging, 98 (5.7%), October tagging, 179 (6.8%). Tag return rates from different parts of the study area varied considerably.

Calculations of the population size for the inner Hauraki Gulf (fishery statistical areas 006 and 007) were made from tag returns of longline and set net fishermen and their catch statistics taken from the monthly fishing returns; Petersen's method gave population sizes of 43 million (returns from June tagging) and 36 million (October). The catch statistics are thought to considerably under‐record the real landings, and better estimates of the population size may be 71 million and 60 million respectively.     

Behavior of a helical anchor under vertical repetitive loading

Abstract

In the field of ocean engineering, anchors are used for several purposes. This article studies the behavior of a helical anchor embedded in soft marine clay under vertical repetitive loading. Helical anchors are simple steel shafts to which one or more helical plates are attached at regular intervals. The tests are conducted on a model helical anchor installed in a soft marine clay bed prepared in a test tank. Repetitive loading is applied using a pneumatic loading arrangement. Different cyclic load ratios and time periods are adopted. In each test, after the application of repetitive loading, poststatic‐pullout tests are conducted to observe the effect of repetitive loading on anchor behavior. From the test results, it is found that, up to a cyclic load ratio of 55%, there is no reduction in capacity. Instead, there seems to be a marginal increase in capacity and reduction in displacement. The reasons for this behavior are explained in terms of induced changes in strength and deformation behavior of marine clay under repetitive load. However, at higher cyclic load ratios, there seems to be reduction in pullout capacity of the anchor, and the reason for this is explained in terms of strain criteria. From this investigation, it can be concluded that the deep anchor is more suitable to a marine environment than a shallow anchor.     

采样点数目对反距离加权插值结果的敏感性分析

为了研究采样点数日对反距离加权插值结果的影响,以面积为2．076×10^5km。的自俄罗斯为研究区域,采用数目逐渐变化的采样点作为实验数据,通过交叉验证方法,得到了采样点数目与插值精度之间的关系。结果表明：随着采样点数日减少,插值误差呈现先缓慢上升后迅速上升再缓慢上升的趋势。就本组数据而言,当采样点逐渐减少到约为总采样点数目的70％左右,插值的质量会发生突变。计算采样点的密度,得出每100km。采0．9-1．3个点（即每76-109km2采集1个点）的情况下,捕值精度变化不大。鉴于研究所得,在实际的生产生活中．可供大区域插值时。采样方案设计参考。     

一种离焦模糊遥感图像盲复原方法

由于发射过程中的超重和复杂的工作环境,遥感卫星的光学系统常发生像面离焦,直接影响了成像质量,降低了图像的空间分辨率。本文提出了一种大尺寸离焦模糊遥感图像的盲复原方法,用于提高这种图像的分辨率。该方法采用微分自相关法估计离焦半径,采用适用于大尺寸图像复原的连续Hopfield神经网络次优算法实现复原,结合能保留图像细节信息的调和模型,能较好地提高大尺寸离焦遥感图像的清晰度。仿真结果证实了方法的有效性。     

大比例尺地形图房屋楼层信息自动添加的实现

房屋的楼层信息是南方CASS软件定义的扩展属性数据,文章以AutoLISP语言为工具,针对CASS楼层扩展属性编写LISP程序,实现了计算机智能识别并自动添加房屋楼层信息,在一定程度上减少人工逐个添加的工作量。     

控制点数量与分布对GPS水准二次曲面拟合精度的影响

GPS水准拟合中,二次曲面拟合法使用率较高,但控制点的数量与分布情况是制约二次曲面拟合精度的主要因素。作者采用"组合法"分析了控制点的选取过程和控制点的最优分布问题,最后通过实例对控制点的数量和分布进行优化分析,认为在丘陵地区200 km2内均匀分布10个左右GPS水准点,便可达到较高精度。     

云滴数浓度影响混合型层状云降水的数值模拟

使用耦合了Morrison双参数微物理方案的中尺度WRF模式V2．2,对2008年1月25-29日发生在我国南方的冰雪天气过程进行了数值试验。在模式准确再现了此次天气过程形势演变特点的基础上,对模式微物理方案中云滴数浓度影响累积降水量的情况进行了敏感性试验,发现云滴数浓度对降水量的影响是复杂和非线性的。对此次天气过程中的微物理量进行了详细的分析,并从各种水成物粒子的发展演变上,讨论了云滴数浓度的增加在暖云和冷云两种降水机制上对降水产生的不同影响。结果表明,云滴数浓度越大,云水混合比就越大,云滴的尺度越小。雨滴对不同云滴数浓度的响应与云滴的情况相反,随着云滴数浓度的增加,雨滴数浓度减小,雨水也减少,暖云降水过程受到了抑制;冰晶和雪晶的数浓度的演变过程没有明显变化,而冰晶和雪晶的混合比是相应增加的,冷云降水过程得到了一定程度的增强。从本文模拟的个例来看,设置不同云滴数浓度所得到的总累计降水量的差异在1％以内。总的来说,增加云滴数浓度,降水量会减少。从比例上来看,增加云滴数浓度对暖云降水过程的抑制作用比对冷云降水过程的增强作用更为显著,但是在本文模拟的个例中,冷云降水过程占主导地位,减少的降水和增加的降水的绝对值在同一个量级上并且数值相近,它们相互抵消后得到的结果是降水量变化的绝对值大大减小了,这解释了增加云滴数浓度后模拟的总累积降水量变化不明显的原因。     

基于16QAM信号星座点判决域切换的混合正方形轮廓线算法

提出了一种基于16QAM信号星座点判决域切换的混合正方形轮廓线算法.该算法通过判决输出信号是否在星座点判决域内,在正方形轮廓线算法和判决导引算法之间进行切换,不仅能够对输出信号进行相位恢复,而且可以得到更小的剩余码间干扰.水声信道仿真结果表明:与传统的正方形轮廓线算法相比,混合正方形轮廓线算法的码间干扰更低,输出星座点更紧凑,对水声信道具有良好的均衡能力.