Turbulent measurements in the stable atmospheric boundary layer during SHEBA: ten years after

This paper surveys results of the comprehensive turbulent measurements in the stable boundary layer (SBL) made over the Arctic pack ice during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean experiment (SHEBA) in the Beaufort Gyre from October 1997 through September 1998. Turbulent fluxes and mean meteorological data were continuously measured and reported hourly at five levels on a 20-m main SHEBA tower. Eleven months of measurements during SHEBA cover a wide range of stability conditions, from the weakly unstable regime to very stable stratification, and allow studying the SBL in detail. A brief overview of the SBL regimes, the flux-profile relationships, the turbulent Prandtl number, and other parameters obtained during SHEBA is given. The traditional Monin—Obukhov approach, z-less scaling, and gradient-based scaling are evaluated and discussed based on the data from SHEBA.     

Vesiculation and crystallization under instantaneous decompression: Numerical study and comparison with laboratory experiments

Vesiculation and crystallization in ascending magmas are key processes that control the eruption behavior, and they interplay each other through the water exsolution process. We conducted a numerical study in order to quantitatively understand the water exsolution and crystallization processes in natural eruptions (decompression history is unknown) and in laboratory experiments (the amount of decompression is constant with time). The numerical results, which take into account homogeneous or heterogeneous nucleation and growth of bubbles with varying diffusivity of water, viscosity, and the amount of decompression, provide a quantitative understanding of their control on bubble formation and water exsolution in the constant amount of decompression. The bubble nucleation in the homogeneous nucleation can be divided into two regimes – the diffusion control regime and viscosity control regime – depending on the modified Peclet number and the effective supersaturation. In the cases of both homogeneous and heterogeneous nucleations, the bubble growth is controlled by diffusion or viscosity, depending on the modified Peclet number and bubble number density. The water exsolution rate, which is controlled by the modified Peclet number in the viscosity control regime and by the bubble number density and diffusive driving force in the diffusion control regime, acts as an effective cooling rate in a decompression-induced crystallization process. A comparison of the numerical results with the results of laboratory experiments suggests that water exsolution proceeds by the diffusion-limited growth of bubbles under disequilibrium vesiculation through the heterogeneous nucleation of bubbles, and this in turn controls the crystallization kinetics of microlite with the homogeneous nucleation of microlite and the diffusion-limited growth of crystal. The several orders of variation of microlite number density with the amount of decompression in laboratory experiments can be interpreted as the effect of the amount of decompression on the driving force for the diffusive bubble growth that controls the water exsolution rate.     

足尺钢框架振动台试验及动力弹塑性数值模拟

本文通过有限元分析程序OpenSees对一足尺四层钢框架结构进行静力及动力弹塑性分析,结构构件采用自由度较少的纤维模型模拟。在振动台试验之前,预测足尺钢框架结构连续在小震、中震及大震作用下的响应,将预测分析结果与振动台试验结果进行对比,结果显示该数值模拟方法能很好地反映结构的弹塑性行为及破坏机制,准确预测结构的地震响应及大震下结构倒塌时间。这进一步说明基于纤维模型的整体结构弹塑性分析方法,由于自由度数少,适用于整体结构抗震分析。     

Strong earthquake activity all over the world and strong-moderate earthquake activity within and near China(June 2008)

Illustration All the data in this catalog are chosen from the "Preliminary Seismological Report of Chinese Seismic Stations" (Its abbreviation is "Monthly Report").The catalog includes the events of     

Strong earthquake activity all over the world and strong-moderate earthquake activity within and near China (April 2008～May 2008)

Illustration All the data in this catalog are chosen from the "Preliminary Seismological Report of Chinese Seismic Stations" (Its abbreviation is "Monthly Report").The catalog includes the events of     

夏桥矿井下蓄排水系统放水管数计算方法

针对夏桥矿(已报废)各水平涌水量较大,拟建立井下蓄排水系统,并利用峰谷时电价差价对矿井排水时段进行优化,以节约排水费用,提出了井下水闸墙上预留放水管数的计算方法,即:探放水管数计算法和水力学计算法2种方法,并对2种方法进行了比较分析。水力学计算法比较符合放水实际,但没有考虑安全余量;探放水管计算法只是粗略概算,但安全系数比较高。实际应用中,宜采用两种方法互相验证,并考虑经济因素综合选定。      

Experimental Study of Sand Bed Configurations in Front of a Vertical Wall Under Wave Action

—When a 2-D progressive wave train normally or obliquely approaches a vertical wall and thenis normally or obliquely reflected from it,the combination of the approaching and reflected waves may re-sult in a standing wave or a short-crested wave in front of the wall.This paper presents the experimentalobservations of sand bed configurations under the action of these water waves in front of the wall.The ge-ometry of sand ripples under these water waves in front of the vertical wall is presented as a function offlow parameters,such as the water particle semi-excursion and the mobility number.     

均匀介质n维随机波动的空间结构

研究了均匀介质中n维随机波动的空间结构.导出了外观振幅、波数和相位的联合分布,据此分布,所有与空间有关的波要素的统计分布皆可导出.定义了外观波数谱并得到了其平衡区指数的上界为一(n+2).二维时,海浪外观波数谱平衡区指数的上界与Phillips通过动力学分析导出的Fourier波数谱平衡区指数完全一样.     

单视数SAR图像Speckle滤波方法的研究

在分析单机数SAR影像的Speckle局部统计特性和现有的空间滤波算法的基础上,提出了一种新的Speckle滤波方法,该方法采用特殊的滤波窗口邻域划分方法,根据窗口相对标准差自适应地调整窗口尺寸和窗口内的滤波区域。该方法被用于多幅单视数ERS-1/2SAR图像去Speckle处理,并与以往的典型算法进行了比较,取得了较好的实验结果。     

相关观测情况的可靠性研究

可靠性是测量网优化设计和数据质量控制要考虑的重要因素之一。在独立观测情况,测量网的可靠性可用多余度（或称多余观测分量）来表示,多余度越小,该余度越小,该观测位置的可靠性越差,但在相关观测情况,多余度的值域超出（０,１）区间,已不能可靠性特征。本文建议采用一种新的可靠性度量指标：ｒｉ＝（ＰＲ）ｉｉ／Ｐｉｉ,其中Ｐ是观测权阵,Ｒ是平差因子阵。ｒｉ的值域在一种新的可靠性度量指标;ｒｉ＝（ＰＲ）ｉｉ／ｐｉ