桥墩墩型对平衡冰塞水位影响的试验研究

冰塞的出现使上游水位壅高,极易诱发凌洪灾害。桥墩墩型是影响桥墩附近冰塞壅水的重要因素之一。通过模型试验,对不同墩型影响下的平衡冰塞水位增值过程进行研究,并与无桥墩条件和明流情况进行了对比。试验结果表明:在试验冰水流量比条件下,当Fr≤0.145时,无桥墩条件下平衡冰塞水位增值小于有桥墩;当Fr>0.145时,无桥墩条件下平衡冰塞水位增值大于有桥墩;桥墩墩型引起的平衡冰塞水位增值由大到小排序为长方形桥墩、尖端形桥墩、圆端形桥墩和圆柱形桥墩。易发生冰塞的河段,建造桥梁时应当尽量选用圆柱形、圆端形桥墩。     

观测卫星的选择对基线解算的影响

现代工程测量中,GPS已经取代传统测量成为重要的控制网布设手段.GPS控制网中控制点的精度取决于基线解算精度,因此,提高基线结算精度是GPS控制网应用中的重要课题.本文基于TGO平台,通过实验,分析研究观测卫星的后处理选择对于基线解算精度的影响,进而掌握符合工程应用的解算技巧.     

湖南省锡矿山锑矿床飞水岩矿段构造叠加晕研究及深部预测

锡矿山锑矿床为严格受构造控制的热液型矿床,成矿成晕具有多期多阶段叠加的特点;F75断裂破碎带中元素的含量及叠加晕特征表明,该断裂不仅是导矿构造,而且在局部有利部位成为储矿构造;文章以飞水岩矿段为例,总结了矿体的元素组合及其相关关系,确定了不同成矿阶段矿体的特征元素;单一次成矿形成的原生晕轴向分带序列是As,Hg,F,Li,Ba→Sb→Ag,Cu,Pb,Zn→Mo,Bi,Mn,Co→Ni,Ti,V,W,Sn,Sr;在识别不同成矿阶段的矿体(晕)在空间上的叠加结构基础上,建立了矿床构造叠加晕模式,确定了盲矿预测标志,对矿床深部进行盲矿预测,提出了盲矿的找矿靶位;初步验证工作表明,构造叠加晕方法对锡矿山锑矿飞水岩矿段深部盲矿体的预测效果较好。     

山东牟平邓格庄金矿Ⅱ号脉盲矿体预测地球化学标志

文章总结了邓格庄金矿床Ⅱ号脉元素组合及不同成矿阶段元素含量特征,研究了金矿体的原生晕、石英包裹体气晕-离子晕的轴向分带及其叠加特点,确定了盲矿体预测的原生叠加晕及石英包裹体气晕-离子晕地球化学标志;对深部进行的盲矿体预测取得了较好的效果。     

吐鲁番和若羌冬季气溶胶垂直分布的飞机观测分析

利用2019年冬季吐鲁番和2020年冬季若羌共14次完整机载探测气溶胶资料,结合宏观天气资料及大气污染数据,研究飞机爬升或降落阶段两地上空气溶胶粒子数浓度、粒子平均粒径的垂直变化规律,分析不同高度的粒子谱分布特征。结果表明：（1） 两地冬季气溶胶粒子数浓度及粒子直径存在明显差异。在无明显天气过程下,若羌气溶胶粒子数浓度均值（5354·cm^-3）明显高于吐鲁番（3948·cm^-3）;粒子平均粒径来看,均值差异不大,但吐鲁番出现大直径粒子（0.16 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m}）数量高于若羌（0.13 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m}）。2019年12月15日大风后最为明显,粒子直径最大值达到0.21 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m},这与沙尘气溶胶多有关联。从垂直变化情况来看,两地气溶胶粒子数浓度均随高度增加而升高,若羌各层普遍高于吐鲁番,但吐鲁番近地面粒子直径随高度增加有明显下降,若羌整层变化很小。（2） 吐鲁番、若羌气溶胶粒子数浓度和粒子平均粒径受大风、降水等天气过程以及逆温层的影响十分明显。两地高层均主要为输入型气溶胶,低层差异主要是由于吐鲁番地区人为源气溶胶粒子的排放导致的大气环境污染。（3） 吐鲁番、若羌两地粒子谱分布在0.10~3.00 \mathrm{\mu } \mathrm{m}范围内变化趋势大体一致,主要以小粒径为主,谱分布受天气过程影响变化较为明显。（4） 从三模态粒径相似度对比可以得出,无论是吐鲁番还是若羌,在第一模态中数谱分布差异不大,若羌平均相似度为50.330%,略高于吐鲁番46.770%。有明显天气过程时,吐鲁番气溶胶数谱在二、三模态相似度（小于0.020%）急剧下降,而若羌第二模态相似度仍满足置信度95%,但第三模态中变化凸显,相似度不足0.020%。     

Simulation of frozen ground distribution in northeast China based on a surface frost number model

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Against the background of global warming, environmental and ecological problems caused by frozen ground degradation have become a focus of attention for the...     

基于盲退卷积的AIA图像增强方法

太阳图像中存在各种不同尺度、亮度和结构的物理活动现象,由于太阳日冕高动态活动和传感器设备等因素的影响,太阳图像成像质量不佳。根据太阳动力学天文台(Solar Dynamic Observatory,SDO)的大气成像仪(Atmospheric Imaging Assenbly,AIA)拍摄不同波段数据结构的动态范围大、噪声大、结构相对模糊等特点,提出一种基于盲退卷积的图像增强方法。首先对图像进行去噪和降低动态范围的处理,基于图像功率谱的分布假设,从原图中估计点扩散函数(Point Spread Function,PSF)的功率谱;然后使用相位提取算法恢复点扩散函数的相位,再退卷积得出较高质量的目标图像;最后通过轮廓切片分析、功率谱分析以及点扩散函数分析对增强结果进行定量和定性评价。实验结果表明,相比现有的图像增强方法,该方法在有效增强太阳日冕图像细节结构的同时,能够复原原图中因模糊无法识别的结构。     

A method for generating contour tree based on voronoi interior adjacency

A contour tree is a good graphical tool for representing the spatial relations of contour lines and has many applications in map generalization, map annotation, terrain analysis, etc. A new method for generating contour trees by introducing a Voronoi-based interior adjacency concept is proposed in this paper. The immediate interior adjacency set is employed to identify all of the children contours of each contour without contour elevations. It has advantages over existing methods such as the geometric method and the region growing-based method.     

Non-local memory effects of the electromotive force by fluid motion with helicity and two-dimensional periodicity

In mean-field dynamo theory, the electromotive force term 〈u′ × B′〉 due to small-scale fields connects the small-scale magnetic field with the large-scale field. This term is usually approximated as the α-effect, assumed to be instantaneous in time and local in space. However, the approximation is valid only when the magnetic Reynolds number Rm is much less than unity, and is inappropriate when Rm ? 1, which is the condition satisfied in the Earth's core or solar convection zone. We introduce a function φ _qr as a non-local and non-instantaneous generalization of the usual α-effect and examine its behaviour as a function of Rm in the range 1/64 ≤ Rm ≤ 10 for a kinematic dynamo model. We use the flow of G.O. Roberts 1972 Roberts, GO. 1972. Dynamo action of fluid motions with two-dimensional periodicity. Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, 271: 411–454. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] (Phil, Trans. Roy. Soc. London Ser. A, 1972, 271, 411–454), which is steady and has non-zero helicities and two-dimensional periodicity. As a result, we identify three regions in Rm space according to the behaviour of the function φ _qr : (i) Rm ? 1/4, where the function φ _qr is local and instantaneous and can be approximated by the traditional α and β effects, (ii) 1/4 ? Rm ? 4, where the deviation from the traditional α and β effects increases and non-localness and non-instantaneousness increase, and (iii) Rm ? 4, where boundary layers develop fully and non-localness and non-instantaneousness are prominent. We show that the non-local memory effect for Rm ? 4 strongly affects the dynamo action and explains an observed augmentation of the growth rate in the dispersion relation. The results imply that the non-local memory effect of the electromotive force should be important in the geodynamo or the solar dynamo.