Foliar Particulate Matter Distribution in Urban Road System of Beijing,China

Particulate matter(PM), one of the most important pollutants of traffic emission, threatens the health of urban ecosystems and citizens. Roadside trees play an important role in trapping PM, and the foliar PM load is a useful indicator for air PM pollution in road systems. To detect the relationships of foliar PM load with road structures, urbanization, and meteorology in road systems, we studied a widely-planted tree Sophora japonica L. in 100 roads and 10 yards of Beijing, China, and found that the foliar PM loads increased with the distances from the urban centre(DUC) linearly, while decreased with the road density. All-subsets regression analysis indicated that DUC, average monthly relative humidity, average monthly wind speed, and mean annual wind speed were the most important factors in predicting foliar PM load, rather than general situation of buildings and road cleanliness. The monthly relative humidity and monthly wind speed had a negative correlation to foliar PM, while the annual relative humidity and annual wind speed had a positive correlation to foliar PM. Suburban areas and these effective factors should be highlighted in PM control in Beijing.     

倾斜摄影三维模型数字水印算法

倾斜摄影三维模型作为一种地理数据,其数据安全问题不容忽视,数字水印技术可以为其版权保护提供有效的解决方案。本文基于倾斜摄影三维模型数据特征,根据其垂直方向上的稳定性,提出了一种基于距离映射机制的三维点云数据盲水印算法。首先,提取倾斜摄影三维模型中的点云并对其按照高度值排序;其次,将点云间相邻点的高度差作为信息载体,利用映射思想建立水印信息与水印嵌入位置的对应;最后,通过修改坐标值的奇偶性完成水印信息的嵌入。检测水印时通过顶点提取、排序、水平距离与水印位的映射和统计相邻点水印嵌入位置的奇偶性实现水印信息的提取。实验表明,该算法具有良好的不可感知性,并对平移、裁剪和旋转等常见攻击具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于卫星高度计和浮标漂流轨迹的海洋涡旋特征信息对比分析

本文基于Chelton提供的涡旋数据集和浮标漂流轨迹提取的涡旋结果,对1993—2015年的全球涡旋进行特征信息对比分析。结果表明,在全球范围内高度计涡旋数据集中的欧拉涡旋和浮标漂流轨迹提取的拉格朗日涡旋的配对成功率在空间分布上并不均衡,在中纬度(20°—60°S,20°—60°N)配对成功率最高可达25%,而在20°S—20°N区域内配对成功率不到10%。由于低纬度地转效应并不显著,卫星高度计无法有效观测到涡旋,但通过浮标漂流轨迹识别出的拉格朗日涡旋却大量存在,这说明在低纬度区域内,采用漂流浮标手段对涡旋进行观测,能够有效地弥补卫星高度计识别涡旋的区域限制。进一步分析表明,总体而言,提取的欧拉涡旋半径要大于拉格朗日涡旋闭合回路半径。两种识别方法获得的涡旋(闭合回路)在20°—50°S, 20°—50°N的副热带和中纬度海区半径大致相当; 20°S—20°N度以内(特别是近赤道区域)、高纬度区域以及西边界流区域,欧拉涡旋半径是同期拉格朗日涡旋闭合回路半径的3倍或更多。此外,对配对涡旋的Rossby数分析结果显示,拉格朗日涡旋较小的闭合回路对应较大的平均相对涡度,这表明浮标在被中尺度涡俘获后,更容易在相对涡度较大的地方(如中尺度涡中心、中尺度涡边缘等)形成闭合回路。     

关于南海北部上层水团的分类及三维分布的研究

Using the fuzzy cluster analysis and the temperature-salinity(T-S) similarity number analysis of cruise conductivity-temperature-depth(CTD) data in the upper layer(0–300 m) of the northern South China Sea(NSCS), we classify the upper layer water of the NSCS into six water masses: diluted water(D), surface water(SS),the SCS subsurface water mass(U_S), the Pacific Ocean subsurface water mass(U_P), surface-subsurface mixed water(SU) and subsurface-intermediate mixed water(UI). A new stacked stereogram is used to illustrate the water mass distribution, and to examine the source and the distribution of U_P, combining with the sea surface height data and geostrophic current field. The results show that water mass U_P exists in all four seasons with the maximum range in spring and the minimum range in summer. In spring and winter, the U_P intrudes into the Luzon Strait and the southwest of Taiwan Island via the northern Luzon Strait in the form of nonlinear Rossby eddies, and forms a high temperature and high salinity zone east of the Dongsha Islands. In summer, the U_P is sporadically distributed in the study area. In autumn, the U_P is located in the upper 200 m layer east of Hainan Island.     

初始几何缺陷对UOE焊管屈曲压溃影响研究

UOE焊管经过一系列成型工艺可以得到高质量的成型结果,但管道截面仍存在一定初始几何缺陷,这将对管道性能产生明显影响。通过试验测定X65钢在循环载荷下的力学性能,并利用有限元分析软件对UOE焊管成型全过程进行模拟,分析主要成型参数对管道屈曲压溃压力的影响。分别采用有限元模拟和试验测量方法确定管道截面初始几何缺陷分布情况,并采用余弦函数形式拟合几何缺陷。结果表明,扩径阶段芯轴数目将对缺陷形式产生影响,且实际厚壁UOE管道几何缺陷形式更接近梨形而非椭圆形。评估厚壁UOE管道性能时,近似认为截面形式为椭圆形可能发生过于保守的问题。     

基于OpenFOAM三维多向畸形波数值模拟研究

基于二次开发开源计算流体力学(CFD)软件包Open FOAM中的非稳态不可压缩两相流求解器inter Foam建立数值模型,增加了基于方向谱的三维造波边界和吸收边界,成功模拟了三维多向畸形波过程。通过与模型试验波面和目标谱对比,验证了数值模型模拟三维多向畸形波的有效性。另外,分析了网格尺度和柯朗数对模拟结果的影响,并使用连长统计和SIWEH两种方法分析了包含畸形波波列的群性。研究结果表明:在本研究范围内,网格尺度设置0.02 m×0.01 m×0.02 m,最大柯朗数选择0.25,模拟出的三维畸形波效果最好;从能量角度描述畸形波的群性更为合理。     

A Novel Wake Oscillator Model for Vortex-Induced Vibrations Prediction of A Cylinder Considering the Influence of Reynolds Number

It is well known that the Reynolds number has a significant effect on the vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of cylinders. In this paper, a novel in-line (IL) and cross-flow (CF) coupling VIV prediction model for circular cylinders has been proposed, in which the influence of the Reynolds number was comprehensively considered. The Strouhal number linked with the vortex shedding frequency was calculated through a function of the Reynolds number. The coefficient of the mean drag force was fitted as a new piecewise function of the Reynolds number, and its amplification resulted from the CF VIV was also taken into account. The oscillating drag and lift forces were modelled with classical van der Pol wake oscillators and their empirical parameters were determined based on the lock-in boundaries and the peak-amplitude formulas. A new peak-amplitude formula for the IL VIV was developed under the resonance condition with respect to the mass-damping ratio and the Reynolds number. When compared with the results from the experiments and some other prediction models, the present model could give good estimations on the vibration amplitudes and frequencies of the VIV both for elastically-mounted rigid and long flexible cylinders. The present model considering the influence of the Reynolds number could generally provide better results than that neglecting the effect of the Reynolds number.     

Nonlinear surface fit stability formula without any transition region for conventional breakwater design

Determining the optimum weight of the armor blocks is of vital importance in the design of conventional breakwaters. The widely used formulae in the literature include the transition region from plunging to surging waves. In this paper, it is aimed to investigate a new design formula without any transition region as an alternative to widely used Van der Meer formulae. The dimensionless parameters of Van der Meer formulae as well as newly generated variables are used as inputs. Nonlinear surface fit best subset regression model is used to find the optimum input combination that keeps the nonlinear relationships. All the input parameters, their second powers, and their two-way interactions are included in the regression analyses to obtain a nonlinear surface fit. Various goodness of fit statistics are applied to check the different perspectives of the model accuracy. It is demonstrated that the proposed model gives a realistic prediction of the stability number for critical data range. Especially for high values of stability number the proposed formula outperforms the benchmark formulae of Van der Meer and Etemad-Shahidi and Bonakdar. The other advantage is that it does not contain any transition region that depends on wave conditions. Besides, there is no need to include “number of waves” and “permeability” parameters into the equation.     

Spatial-temporal variations in cold surge events in northern China during the period 1960–2016

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Among the most devastating extreme weather events, cold surge (CS) events frequently impact northern China. It has been reported that extreme weather events will...     

井中三分量磁测在旧县铁矿普查中的应用

井中磁测主要是测量钻孔周围空间磁性体的磁场,从而起到找矿或解决某些地质问题的作用。在铁矿普查中,由于钻孔往往穿过或靠近矿体,且矿体与围岩磁性差异较大,因而井中磁测更容易发现孔旁或孔底盲矿。山东省东平县旧县地区铁矿属沉积变质型,围岩均不具有磁性或磁性极弱,具备了磁法找矿的物性基础。该矿床主矿体埋藏较深,矿体较薄,勘探难度较大。而矿体的发现得益于紧密结合的地质与物探资料的二次开发。其中井中三分量磁测对深部矿体的发现起了重要作用。通过对ZK408孔开展井中三分量磁测,准确预测了井底盲矿的存在,为钻孔继续钻进与否的决断提供了可靠依据,在不保证漏掉磁性体的前提下减少了钻探工作量,节约了生产成本。对勘查区内磁性体的赋存状态和空间位置做出了合理推断,为东平县旧县铁矿探明储量提供了地球物理依据,为下一步地质工作提供了参考意见。井中三分量磁测在寻找深部磁性矿体方面具有科学准确的指导作用,为旧县铁矿深部找矿和外围找矿提供了新思路。