山区公路隧道建设对地下水环境扰动评价研究

由于长大隧道建设期间具有显著地集水廊道效应，施工过程中地下水不断向隧道轴线汇集，进而诱发一系列的水文 地质灾害，给施工人员和隧址区周边的生态环境带来不可估量的损失。为此，在构建山区公路隧道建设对地下水环境扰动 评价体系的基础上，考虑到群决策不同个体实践认知水平的差异，把基于决策人员偏好信息的区间数层次分析模型用于山 区公路隧道建设对地下水的环境影响评价领域，并与模糊综合评判法进行有机结合，对西藏米拉山特长隧道建设对地下水 环境影响进行评价，结果表明，米拉山特长公路隧道建设对地下水的扰动程度属于一般水平。依据评价结果，采取了相 应的工程措施，实现了隧道建设与隧址区环境保护的协调统一，可为类似地区隧道建设的地下水环评工作提供有益的 参考。     

地壳、上地幔变形属性的判别

基于Ｍａｘｗｅｌｌ和Ｋｅｌｖｉｎ流变模型，以延续时间与松弛期的比值，即松弛数，作为衡量指标，对地壳、上地幔不同层次的变形属性进行了判别。结果表明，除软流圈地幔主要为粘性流动外，其上各层的情况是：在漫长的地质过程中，不仅岩石圈地幔和下地壳属于粘性，上地壳也有可能处于粘性流动状态；在延续数十年的情况下，上地壳以及岩石圈地幔都可能呈弹性状态；延续时间介乎二者，通常上地壳为弹性，下地壳和岩石圈地幔为粘性或滞弹粘性。此外，还结合变形属性的判别，就岩石圈地幔的流动和板内的驱动力远程传递等问题进行了讨论     

Prediction method of sand-movement direction in rivers by geochemical elements

 The analysis of sand samples by X-ray fluorescent spectroscopy (XRF) gives the ratio of the geochemical elements to construct the sand samples. The application of the ratio matching to sand samples represents the correlation number between two sand samples with respect to geochemical elements. When the correlation number between two sand samples is low, the two samples are not geochemically similar each other. This denotes that the exchange of sand between two sampling points is scarce or the two samples are independent. When the correlation number between two sand samples is high, the two samples are geochemically similar, signifying that the exchange of sand between two sampling points is frequent or there is sand movement between two sampling points. If there exists prominent sand movement in the study area, the correlation number is almost 1 and kilo count number per second of each geochemical element per weight decreases along the flow direction. The decrease is caused by the reduction of sizes and the adherence of dirt on the surface of sand particles. Since the flow direction in rivers is usually the same as the direction of sand movement, it can be verified. This study obtains satisfactory results applying the method of prediction in sand movement to sediments in rivers. Received: 17 May 1995 · Accepted: 14 August 1995     

石家庄秋季大气气溶胶物理特征分析

利用１９９０年秋季在石家庄地区不同天气条件下飞机观测对流层低层（距地面４０００ｍ以下高度）大气气溶胶的观测资料，分析了气溶胶粒子数密度、质量浓度水平和垂直分布特征及其日变化。结果表明，晴空下，石家庄地区气溶胶源于本地，地面质量浓度为０．１５×１０－９—０．８５×１０－９·ｃｍ－３，高度４０００ｍ以下谱分布特征值逆温层影响气溶胶粒子的向上输送，使其在送温层上下出现不连续分布；气溶胶的日变化表现为上午数密度大于下午，但下午粒子谱变宽；城市效应影响气溶胶粒子分布，城市上空气溶胶粒子数密度比郊区高１５％－３０％。     

Experimental Study of Mechanical Behaviour of Rock Joints Under Cyclic Loading

Summary Evaluation of the effects of small repetitive earthquakes on the strength parameters of rock joints in active seismic zones is of interest of the designers of underground constructions. In order to evaluate these effects, it is necessary to study the behaviour of rock joints under dynamic and cyclic loadings. This paper presents the results of a systematic study on the behaviour of artificial rock joints subjected to cyclic shearing. More than 30 identical replicas have been tested using triaxial compression devices under different conditions of monotonic and cyclic loading. At the first stage a few samples have been tested in monotonic loading modes under various confining pressures and rate of displacement. In the second series of tests, small cyclic loads were applied on the samples for increasing number of cycles, frequency levels and stress amplitudes. These were then followed by monotonic loading again. The variations of maximum and residual shear strengths for each test have been studied. The results show increase of shear strength as a result of the increase in confining pressure and they display decrease of shear strength due to the increase of rate of loading, number of cycles, frequency levels and stress amplitudes.     

云室中两种检测冰晶方法的比较

通过实验比较了在云室中检测冰晶的两种方法－糖盘法和玻片法，结果表明玻璃片测到的冰晶数比糖盘高数倍，讨论了两种方法检测的上下限，优缺点及应用范围。     

测站位移固体潮效应的潮波公式

固体潮对测站位移的影响是空间大地测量和天文地球动力学研究的重要组成部分。对目前常用的3种引潮力位展开形式进行了总结，并列出了它们各自的实用公式。不同于IERSl996和IERS2000推荐的固体潮对测站位移影响的理论模型，独立于天体历书而基于精密引潮力位展开，直接给出了在亚毫米精度下的潮波公式，利用新的精密引潮位展开在亚毫米精度上重新计算了永久性潮汐的影响。可为高精度的空间大地测量和天文地球动力学的研究提供理论依据和参考。     

框剪结构抗震剪力墙数量的优化准则证明

将框剪结构连续化，按振型组合法证明了同时满足规范允许顶点侧移和层间侧移角的最少抗震剪力墙数量为最优剪力墙量，相应的设计为最优设计。     

二人沟硼矿床断裂构造与找矿关系探讨

二人沟硼矿床发育有大规模北北东向的逆掩断层,但在以往的工作中对断层的特征了解得不甚清楚,以致于找矿工作未取得满意的效果。通过对原有资料的分析研究,总结出该断层的特征,有效地指导了找矿工作,取得了寻找隐伏矿体的重大进展。