Theoretical investigation of convective instability in inclined and fluid-saturated three-dimensional fault zones

The convective instability of pore-fluid flow in inclined and fluid-saturated three-dimensional fault zones has been theoretically investigated in this paper. Due to the consideration of the inclined three-dimensional fault zone with any values of the inclined angle, it is impossible to use the conventional linear stability analysis method for deriving the critical condition (i.e., the critical Rayleigh number) which can be used to investigate the convective instability of the pore-fluid flow in an inclined three-dimensional fault zone system. To overcome this mathematical difficulty, a combination of the variable separation method and the integration elimination method has been used to derive the characteristic equation, which depends on the Rayleigh number and the inclined angle of the inclined three-dimensional fault zone. Using this characteristic equation, the critical Rayleigh number of the system can be numerically found as a function of the inclined angle of the three-dimensional fault zone. For a vertically oriented three-dimensional fault zone system, the critical Rayleigh number of the system can be explicitly derived from the characteristic equation. Comparison of the resulting critical Rayleigh number of the system with that previously derived in a vertically oriented one has demonstrated that the characteristic equation of the Rayleigh number is correct and useful for investigating the convective instability of pore-fluid flow in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone system. The related numerical results from this investigation have indicated that: (1) the convective pore-fluid flow may take place in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone; (2) if the height of the fault zone is used as the characteristic length of the system, a decrease in the inclined angle of the inclined fault zone stabilizes the three-dimensional fundamental convective flow in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone system; (3) if the thickness of the stratum is used as the characteristic length of the system, a decrease in the inclined angle of the inclined fault zone destabilizes the three-dimensional fundamental convective flow in the inclined three-dimensional fault zone system; and that (4) the shape of the inclined three-dimensional fault zone may affect the convective instability of pore-fluid flow in the system.     

Analysis on small-earthquake composite fault plane solutions from 1961 to 1999 in Xinfengjiang reservoir area

Introduction XFJ reservoir has been about 40 years since its water loading in 1959 and has induced a great number of earthquakes. The largest one was the M = 6.1 earthquake occurred on March 19, 1962. Since then, a large amount of seismologists in our country have made many researches on the in-duced earthquake. In the paper, we have studied XFJ reservoir earthquakes and their relation with water cyclic fluctuation by using the mechanism solutions of small earthquakes occurred in these 40 y…     

A series solution for surface motion ampli-fication due to underground group cavities: Incident P waves

Introduction In recent years some big cities in China commonly build subways in central urban areas to improve crowded surface transportation, and the subways usually are large-scale group cavities composed by two parallel cavities. Construction of large-scale group cavities will certainly affect the design ground motion near the cavities, and further affect seismic safety of the existing build-ings nearby. So it is of significance to estimate this effect on seismic design of the buildings. H…     

Analytical partial derivatives of the phase- and group velocities for Rayleigh waves propagating in a layer on a half-space

The dispersion relation for Rayleigh waves in a layer on a half-space is modified by introducing the quadratic wave number instead of the phase velocity. The implicit function theorem is then used to derive analytical formulae for the group velocity and for the phase- and group velocity partial derivatives with respect to the parameters of the medium. As two examples, the method is applied to the interpretation of dispersion curves for short-period Rayleigh waves observed in a sedimentary basin of the West Carpathians, and in the Moravo-Silesian region, Czech Republic.     

近40 a甘肃河西地区大风日数时空分布特征

 以1951—2000年甘肃河西19个气象站气象记录为主要数据源，运用气候统计学方法，分析了河西地区近40 a大风日数的时空变化特征及其区域差异，结合地形地貌和大尺度天气系统变化，分析了导致大风日数分布特征的自然环境背景。结果表明：大风日数高值区位于河西地区的西部及高山地，从年内分布看，3~6月较多，占全年的60％以上，其次是2月和7月；从年际变化看，河西大风日数年际变化的共同特点是：1963—1976年是大风天气的频发期，之后呈波动式减少趋势，20世纪90年代中期是大风天气的低发期，90年代后期进入新一轮的波动增长期。大风天气受全球气候变化、大尺度天气系统及局地地形和下垫面性质的影响，大风日数多发期与反厄尔尼诺事件和干冷气候期相对应。     

关于瞬变电磁法2.5维正演中的几个问题

这里讨论了瞬变电磁法2.5维正演模拟中的两个积分变换:傅里叶逆变换和拉普拉斯逆变换。针对发收距为零的中心回线方式瞬变电磁法,提出了在傅氏域中考察傅氏变换函数随波数的变化规律,进而根据曲线首尾支渐近线来划定波数覆盖的范围,然后同解析解对比,确定出最少个数的傅氏域波数。另外,介绍了只需对较少的拉氏变换变量作纯实数运算的拉普拉斯数值反演计算方法。通过对均匀半空间表面上垂直磁偶极子源形成的瞬变电磁场进行正演模拟,结果表明,关于傅氏域波数的范围划定原则及个数选取方案是合理的、拉氏逆变换算法也是切实可行的。     

西北地区东部秋季降水日数时空特征分析

利用西北地区东部(95°~112°E,32°~41°N)共104个测站的1960~2000年秋季(9~11月)降水日数资料,通过主成分分析和旋转主成分分析等方法,对我国西北地区东部秋季降水日数异常的时空特征进行了研究。结果表明:西北地区东部秋季0.1 mm以上的降水日数多年平均分布总体上从南向北减少,并存在两个多雨日中心,一个位于祁连山地区;另一个位于青海南部和四川北部地区。其异常分布主要表现为一致性异常和西北与东南相反的异常两种形式,降水日数气候区可主要划分为西北东部副热带季风区、青海东北及甘肃中部区、甘肃河西及河套地区、青海高原南部及川西高原区。各气候区代表站降水日数年代际变化均呈现下降趋势,1978年前后是秋季降水日数由多变少的转折点。     

Modal wave number tomography and bottom parameter dependence

A shallow water tomography scheme based on the modal wave number inversion technique is considered in this paper. The scheme is based on the assumption that modal wave number for transpped mode can be measured in a suitable way. The tomographic inversion is accomplished into steps; firstly, the bottom parameter are inverted by using the bottom reflection phase shift with the known sound speed profile; secondly, the variation of sound speed profile at different time is inverted provided the bottom parameters are known. A numerical simulation shows that the proposed scheme works well, and the sensitivity analysis of sound speed profile inversion is performed, for shallow water environmental parameters: sound speed, density and attenuation coefficient of the bottom.     

Evaluating Models Of The Neutral, Barotropic Planetary Boundary Layer Using Integral Measures: Part Ii. Modelling Observed Conditions

The steady-state, horizontally homogeneous, neutral, barotropiccase forms the foundation of our theoretical understanding of the planetary boundary layer (PBL).While simple analytical models and first-order closure models simulate atmospheric observationsof this case well, more sophisticated models, in general, do not. In this paperwe examine how well three higher-order closure models, E - - l, E - l, and LRR - l,which have been especially modified for PBL applications, perform in predicting the behaviour of thecross-isobaric angle ₀, the geostrophic drag coefficient C_g, and the integral of the dissipationrate over the boundary layer, as a function of the surface Rossby number Ro. For comparison we alsoexamine the performance of three first-order closure mixing-length models, two proposed byA. K. Blackadar and one by H. H. Lettau, and the performance of the standard model forsecond-order closure and a modification of it designed to reduce the overprediction of turbulence inthe upper part of the boundary layer.     

地形图分幅编号解析法优化研究

依据地形图分幅编号的规律 ,应用测算地面点坐标和语言学的原理 ,从建立解算地形图分幅编号数学模式的坐标系和使数学模式的参数符号概念化两个方面 ,对国家基本比例尺地形图分幅编号的解析法进行优化研究 ,以提高其科学性