The influence of an extreme drought event in the fish community of a southern Europe temperate estuary

Between 2003 and 2006, a severe drought occurred throughout the Mondego River catchment's area, inducing lower freshwater flows into the estuary. As a consequence, both 2004 and 2005 were considered as extreme drought events. From June 2003 to June 2006, the fish assemblage of the Mondego Estuary was sampled monthly in five stations during the night, using a 2 m beam trawl. Fish abundance was standardized as the number of individuals per 1000 m² per season and the assemblage was analyzed based on ecological guilds: estuarine residents, marine juveniles, marine adventitious, freshwater, catadromous and marine species that use the estuary as a nursery area. A total of 42 species belonging to 23 families were identified, with estuarine residents and nursery species dominating the fish community. Variations in the fish community were assessed using non-metric MDS, being defined as three distinct periods: summer and autumn 2003, 2004/2005 and winter and summer 2006. The main drought-induced effects detected were the depletion of freshwater species and an increase in marine adventitious in 2004/2005, due to an extended intrusion of seawater inside the estuary and a significant reduction in abundance during the driest period of estuarine resident species. Nevertheless, from the management point of view, it could be stated that although some variations occurred due to environmental stress, the main core of the Mondego Estuary fish community remained relatively unchanged.     

闽南沿海前湖剖面及其第四纪地质若干问题

前湖剖面第四系出露比较完整，层次清晰，发育有炭质层、铁盘、重矿砂砾石层、“老红砂”层和玄武岩等特殊地层，是一个研究闽南沿海第四纪地质问题的比较有代表性的地表露头剖面。本文通过对前湖剖面中系列样品进行测年、微古、孢粉、矿物、粒度等综合分析研究，探讨了闽南沿海晚更新世晚期以来的古气候变化、海平面变动、“老红砂”的形成年代及成因以及第四纪地层划分等问题。     

中国河口海岸面临的挑战

河口海岸是地球四大圈层交汇、能量流和物质流的重要聚散地带。该区域经济发达、人口集中、开发程度高，导致严重的环境变异、资源破坏，对区域持续发展造成重大影响，特别是我国流域高强度开发河口和邻近海岸带有直接和深远的影响。新世纪我国的河口海岸面临着4个方面的挑战：入海泥沙量急剧减少；入海污染物质显著增加；滨海湿地丧失；全球海平面上升对中国低海岸的严重威胁。为此，开展河口海岸环境变异的研究，为解决国家目标和海岸带资源可持续利用，无疑是非常重要而迫切的问题。     

Export Production in the Subarctic North Pacific over the Last 800 kyrs: No Evidence for Iron Fertilization?

The subarctic North Pacific is a high nitrate-low chlorophyll (HNLC) region, where phytoplankton growth rates, especially those of diatoms, are enhanced when micronutrient Fe is added. Accordingly, it has been suggested that glacial Fe-laden dust might have increased primary production in this region. This paper reviews published palaeoceanographic records of export production over the last 800 kyrs from the open North Pacific (north of ∼35°N). We find different patterns of export production change over time in the various domains of the North Pacific (NW and NE subarctic gyres, the marginal seas and the transition zone). However, there is no compelling evidence for an overall increase in productivity during glacials in the subarctic region, challenging the paradigm that dust-born Fe fertilization of this region has contributed to the glacial draw down of atmospheric CO₂. Potential reasons for the lack of increased glacial export production include the possibility that Fe-fertilization rapidly drives the ecosystem towards limitation by another nutrient. This effect would have been exacerbated by an even more stable mixed layer compared to today. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

河口海岸环境变异和资源可持续利用

河口海岸是地球四大圈层交汇，能流和物流的重要聚散地带，中国入海河流众多，河流挟带泥沙每年达20亿t，占全世界入海泥沙的10%，植被破坏，水土流失，人类对水资源的开以及跨流域调水都能影响流域来水来沙，地下水超采也可以使河口海岸沉降，这些都影响着河口海岸的环境，该区域经济发达，人口集中，开发程度高，导致严重的环境变异，资源破坏，对区域持续发展造重大影响，特别是我国流域高强度开发对河口和邻近海域有直接和深远的影响。因此，开展河口海岸环境变异的研究，为解决国家目标和海岸带资源可持续利用是非常重要的。     

鲱、鲽在卵和卵黄囊期仔鱼发育阶段生化成分的变化

本文以产沉(粘)性卵的鲱(Clupea harengus L.)和浮性卵的鲽(Pleuronectes platessa L.)为代表,对这两类海洋鱼类在卵和卵黄囊期仔鱼发育阶段水分、钠、钾、脂肪和蛋白质含量变化作了比较研究。实验于1987年春在苏格兰完成。结果发现:1)鲱的含水量在三个阶段有明显增长,受精时从75％—85％,卵发育期从85％—87％,孵化后从85％—90％;通过这一成功变化,最终使仔鱼获得浮性,上升并进入浮游生物水层摄食;鲽卵含水量在这三个阶段均保持在90％—92％,并一直保持相应的浮性,至摄食期。2)两种初孵仔鱼含水量的差别,主要由卵黄囊含水量不同引起,而身体其它部分含水量没有显著种的差别。3)鲱在钠、钾含量上的增长和波动,大致同这三个阶段湿重和含水量的增长和波动一致。4)脂肪和蛋白质对卵和仔鱼的浮性几乎不起作用;两种鱼在卵和卵黄囊期发育阶段,脂肪和蛋白质含量均呈线性下降。     

褐藻多酚含量的季节变化

褐藻多酚的季节变化研究具有重要的理论意义，对海黍子和鼠尾藻褐藻多酚的含量测定结果表明，褐藻多酚含量的季节变化范围分别在１．５￣３．１％之间以及０．８￣１．８％之间。另外，ＰＶＰ吸附率也有相应的变化，分别在５１￣６９％之间以及４１￣６３％之间。     

苦海沉积物有机质反映的过去840年来青藏高原东部环境变化

青藏高原对全球气候变暖响应敏感,研究青藏高原近千年来环境演化过程、规律与驱动机制对预测其未来气候变化有重要意义。本文通过位于青藏高原东部的苦海沉积物总有机质相关指标(总有机碳(TOC)、总氮(TN)、总有机碳与总氮比值(TOC/TN)和总有机碳同位素(δ¹³Corg)的研究重建了该区域过去840年来环境演化过程。结果表明,苦海沉积物中的有机质主要来自于内源水生植物。由于暖期(冷期)时黄河上游径流量较高(低),苦海水位随之升高(降低),湖泊水动力增强(减弱),浅水区沉水植物对研究岩芯中的有机质贡献率提高(降低),导致沉积物TOC、TN、TOC/TN升高,δ¹³Corg值正(负)偏。人类活动导致的青藏高原近50年气候异常变暖可能是~1950 AD之后δ¹³Corg反映的黄河上游径流量变化与重建的中国温度记录之间的关系发生转变的原因。苦海沉积物δ¹³Corg记录与万象洞石笋δ¹⁸O记录和太阳总辐射强度记录变化特征的相似性说明青藏高原东部地区气候变化的控制因素为太阳辐射驱动下的季风降雨量变化。