GRACE卫星观测到的日本9.0级大地震重力前兆信息

利用102个GRACE卫星月重力场模型,提取了2011年3月11日日本9.0级大地震的重力前兆信息,同时利用USGS发布的断层模型结合向上延拓技术计算了理论同震重力变化,并对结果进行了比较和分析.     

东莞市城市热环境时空变化及其驱动机制

东莞市处于快速城市化进程中,基于19902005年Landsat TM/ETM＋反演地表温度,对地表温度数据进行归一化处理,分析东莞市热环境格局的时空变化特征,并引入建筑密度和交通干道对区域热环境格局的形成机制进行分析。研究表明：东莞市在近15年间城市热环境格局发生重大变化,随着城市建设用地的扩张,热岛由起初的分散点状...     

大庆市土地盐碱化动态变化研究

通过对大庆市1988年、1992年、1996年、2001年和2006年每年二景TM影像数据的分析,提取出大庆市土地盐碱化信息数据,利用GIS的空间叠加功能对大庆市盐碱化土地进行时空变化特征分析,得出1996～2001年和2001～2006年大庆市土地盐碱化程度,并据此实践分析产生盐碱化土地的原因及提出相关的改进措施。得出低洼易涝盐碱地发展水田、轻中度盐碱化低产耕地退耕还草、轻中度盐碱化草地围栏封育及重度盐碱化草地人工种草的分类治理对策。     

Research Agenda for Understanding Transboundary Ecosystem Changes and Eco-security in Southwestern China

Introduction One of the foremost challenges facing the world in the 21st century is maintaining global ecosystem diversity. This requires thorough understanding of ecosystem vulnerability and resilience. Economic globalization has forced nations to consid…     

黔西南地区早-中三叠世沉积岩相与Ladinian-Carnian期大海侵

扬子地块主体在中三叠世晚期出现了一次大规模的海退(即著名的拉丁期大海退),但是位于扬子地块西南缘的黔西南地区在同期却出现了一次大规模的海侵,与之对应的沉积岩相也由以杨柳井组为代表的浅水碳酸盐岩沉积变为以竹竿坡组为代表的一套富含大量浮游生物和游泳生物的深水瘤状暗色灰泥岩和代表最大海泛面的瓦窑组黑色页岩和深海灰岩沉积。之后,扬子台地被一套深水陆源硅质碎屑浊积岩和一套巨厚的陆相含煤碎屑沉积岩覆盖,从此结束了其自晚元古代以来长达630Ma的碳酸盐岩台地生长演化历史。对比分析表明,黔西南地区这次大规模海侵与全球海平面变化同步,相当于全球海平面变化曲线的一级旋回UpperAbsaroka旋回(megacycle)的第三个二级超级旋回中的第一个三级旋回,具有全球对比性。     

BOOK REVIEWS

Book Reviewed in this article: Women, Work, and Ideology in the Third World . Haleh Afshar, ed. The Birth of the National Park Service. The Founding Years 1913–33 . Horace M. Albright Theatres of Accumulation: Studies in Asian and Latin American Urbanization . Warwick Armstrong and T.G. McGee. New Tools for Social Scientists, Advances and Applications in Research Methods . William D. Berry and Michael S. Lewis -Beck , eds . Uncertain Dimensions: Western Overseas Empires in the Twentieth Century . Raymond F. Betts. Geography of Sugar Cane . Helmut Blume. The Mines of Neptune: Minerals and Metals from the Sea . Elisabeth Mann Borgese. Geographical Dimensions of Energy . F.J. Calzonetti and B.D. Solomon, eds. Statistical Methods for Geographers . W. A. V. Clark and P. L. Hosking. In The Wake of Columbus, Islands and Controversy . John DeVorsey, Jr., and John Parker, eds. Housing, States and Localities . Peter Dickens, Simon Duncan, Mark Goodwin and Fred Gray. Physician Location and Specialty Choice . Richard L. Ernst and Donald E. Yett. Practical Ecology for Geography and Biology: Survey, Mapping, and Data Analysis . D.D. Gilbertson , M. Kent and F.B. Pyatt Large Scale Water Transfers: Emerging Environmental and Social Experiences . Genady N. Golubev and Asit K. Biswas, eds. The Nature of the Environment . Andrew Goudie. Planning for Population Change . W.T.S. Gould and R. Lawton. The Niger and its Neighbors: Environmental History and Hydrobiology. Human Use and Health Hazards of the Major West African Rivers . A.T. Grove, ed. Remote Sensing of Ice and Snow . Dorothy K. Hall and Jaroslav Martinec. Atlas of Antebellum Southern Agriculture . Sam Bowers Hilliard. Galilee Divided; The Israel-Lebanon Frontier, 1916-1984 . Frederic C. Hor . Plains Country Towns . John C. Hudson. Agricultural Geography: A Social and Economic Analysis . Brian W. Ilbery. Industry in the 1980s: Structural Change and Interdependence . U.N. Industrial Development Organization. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States . Kenneth T. Jackson. The Industrial Geography of Italy . Russell King. Studies in Linguistic Geography: The Dialects of English in Britain and Ireland . John M. Kirk, Stewart Sanderson, J.D.A. Widdowson, eds. Tourism: A Community Approach . Peter E. Murphy. Cities and Services: The Geography of Collective Consumption . Steven Pinch. An Historical Geography of Europe 1800–1914 . Norman J. G. Pounds. An Introduction to Human Ecology Research on Agricultural Systems in Southeast Asia . A. Terry Rambo and Percy E. Sajise, eds. Discovering Past Landscapes . Michael Reed, ed. Managing the Ocean: Resources, Research, Law . Jacques G. Richardson, ed. Carta fitosociologica de la transecta botanica de la Patagonia Austral . F.A. Roig , Juan Anchorema , Orlando Dollenz , A.M. Faggi and Eduardo Mandez Intermetropolitan Migration in Canada: Changing Determinants over Three Decades . R. Paul Shaw. Chinese Cities—The Growth of the Metropolis since 1949 . Victor F. Sit, ed. Urbanization in the World-Economy . Michael Timberlake, ed. The Al Business: Commercial Uses of Artificial Intelligence . Patrick H. Winston and Karen A. Prendergast, eds.     

Investigation of Times of Minima of Selected Early-Type Eclipsing Binaries

New precise times of minimum light for several early-type eclipsing binaries were obtained at three observatories. The changes of period of the following measured binaries are discussed: V1182 Aql, LY Aur, SZ Cam, FZ CMa, QZ Car, LZ Cen, V606 Cen, AH Cep and TU~Mus.     

Fine-grained submarine fans as possible recorders of long- and short-term climatic changes

Two major end-members of point-sourced submarine fans can be recognized: coarse-grained and fine-grained. The coarse-grained member is known from active margins where the sediment source is rather close to the coast. Once reaching the coast, most of the sediment goes into longshore transport and may move down a shelf depression to the slope. The movement of the sediment will gradually carve out a canyon. On the basin floor, a submarine fan is constructed that gradually progrades into the basin. Its thickness and sand/shale ratio decrease downdip.The fine-grained member is common for passive margins. It is a bypass system. The sediment originates far from the coast, the fluvial system is long and a major delta commonly results. Exposure of the wide shelf requires a relative lowering of sea level. Rapid aggradation of sediment near the shelfbreak results in high pore pressure that causes failure, followed by slumping and density flow transport. Deposition may commence at the base-of-slope. Leveed-channel transport is common on the mid-fan, while sheet-sand deposition takes place on the outer fan. Progradation of individual fan systems is rapid, followed by lateral switching to minimize bottom topography.Global and regional climatic changes cause variation in the growth/decay ratio of continental glaciers and in the type of fluvial effluent (hypopycnal and hyperpycnal outflows). Major global climate changes can cause ice ages, while smaller climate changes often influence transport and depositional variations. Shelf bypassing may result if hyperpycnal outflow conditions exist upon entering salt water. Although presently unknown, fine-grained submarine fans may provide data required to help analyze paleoclimate.     

High‐resolution record of environmental changes and tephrochronological markers of the Last Glacial–Holocene transition at Lake Lautrey (Jura,France)

This paper presents the results of a multiproxy investigation including volume magnetic susceptibility (κ), mineral and pollen analyses of Late Glacial sediments from Lake Lautrey (Jura, France). Small‐scale lithological variations have been identified with high stratigraphic resolution in order to establish lithostratigraphic correlations between cores. κ measurements, combined with mineralogical analyses, provide information on past sedimentary processes. This combined approach reflects major changes in terrestrial habitats and soil processes which may relate to the climatic events characterising the Late Glacial climatic warming and cooling phases. During warm intervals, the record indicates increased lake productivity via carbonate precipitation and decreased input of detrital material. In contrast, cooler intervals show reduced lake productivity, catchment area instability and increased detrital inputs. Several short interruptions in reforestation and in soil stabilisation can be identified and linked with abrupt colder events occurring through the Bølling. A general trend of warming is recorded from the coldest part of the Younger Dryas. Three tephra layers were also detected. The mineral composition analyses show that the upper tephra layer corresponds to the Laacher See eruption (Eifel, Germany) while the lower ones may relate to the volcanic activity of the Chaîne des Puys (Massif Central, France) around 13 000 cal. yr BP. These two events, recognised for the first time outside the Massif Central region, may provide additional chronostratigraphic markers for the Late Glacial sedimentary records of the Jura mountains and northern Alps. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

EVIDENCE FOR ABRUPT CLIMATIC CHANGES ON NORTHWESTERN MARGIN OF EAST ASIAN MONSOON REGION DURING LAST DEGLACIATION

Based on investigations of the Zhongwei Nanshan aeolian section situated in the southeastern margin of Tengger Desert, carbon-14 and TL (thermoluminescence) dating results and paleoclimatie proxies such as magnetic susceptibility and grain size, we inferred that the northwestern margin of East Asian monsoon region experienced abrupt climatic changes during the last deglaciation. Six oscillation events were identified: Oldest Dryas, Bφlling, Older Dryas, Allerφd, Intra-Allerφd Cold Period (IACP) and Younger Dryas (YD). The summer monsoon was weaker during Oldest Dryas and Younger Dryas when the winter monsoon was stronger. However, during the B/A (Bφlling/Allerφd) period, the summer monsoon strengthened, reflected by magnetic susceptibility, when the winter monsoon also became strong, which is different from the paleoclimatic pattern established in the East Asian monsoon region. Furthermore, the summer monsoon was nearly in phase with the climate changes inferred from the oxygen isotopic records of