京郊新农村建设人居环境质量综合评价

农村人居环境是农民生活品质的重要标志,农村人居环境质量的提高可以促进农村居住环境与社会、经济、资源环境之间的良性互动。通过对北京市首批市级新农村规划建设试点村的问卷调查,结合多元统计分析,探讨新农村建设以来京郊农村人居环境质量的要素特征、影响因素和发展水平。研究表明:相比新农村建设前,京郊农村人居环境在基础设施、公共服务设施、自然生态环境等方面取得较大改善;京郊农村人居环境质量的地域特征显著,近郊平原区优于其他地域类型;基础设施配套和社会协调水平对村民形成人居环境整体印象最为重要,收入状况、村内道路质量、垃圾处理设施、卫生所等因素对人居环境满意度有显著影响;加大对农村公共产品的投入和建设力度、建立设施的长效管护机制、增加农民收入是实现京郊农村人居环境优化的关键环节。     

中国新农村建设的制约因素及国际经验借鉴

本文分析了中国新农村建设存在的问题：①农村土地空心化和人口过疏化现象不断加剧,耕地资源浪费严重;②农村发展资金短缺,农村金融体系建设滞后;③农村组织建设不健全;④农村基本公共服务水平落后,各类乡村公共物品供给缺乏;⑤农村建设决策体系不完善,缺乏规划引导;⑥新农村建设过程中农民主体性不强,公众参与程度较低。结合问题分析,总结得出中国新农村建设存在3个方面的制约因素,即保障力短缺、参与力短缺和服务力短缺。随后,针对各制约因素在国际典型地区农村建设中的经验和教训进行了梳理,就德国、比利时、以色列、荷兰、法国、匈牙利、英国、美国、日本、韩国、澳大利亚和意大利等国在土地资源供给、人才资源供给、农业产业化、农民合作组织构建及农村公共物品供给等方面的具体做法进行了总结和分析。通过综合分析世界各国的农村建设经验和教训,从政府、社会机构和农民个人3个层面对中国今后如何顺利推进新农村建设提出相应对策建议。     

中国农业地理与乡村发展研究进展及展望——建所70周年农业与乡村地理研究回顾与前瞻

本文回顾了中国农业地理与乡村发展学科的简要历程,分析了相关研究进展、取得的重要成果及其社会影响,展望了适应国家战略需求的中国农业地理与乡村发展领域创新研究任务及科学命题.未来中国农业生产的区域化、基地化与乡村发展的城镇化、产业化趋势日益明显,在落实科学发展观和"五个统筹"战略导向下,扎实推进新农村建设与统筹城乡协调发展...     

Spatio-temporal dynamic patterns of rural area development in eastern coastal China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of rural area development at the county level in the eastern coastal China. An evaluation index system including 18 factors was developed, and a rural development index (RDI) was constructed to evaluate rural development state in 2000, 2004, and 2008. The quantitative evaluation indicated the following results. 1) This study derived four dominating components by means of principal component analysis, which can explain 78.2% of the total information, namely agricultural production input, the basic condition of agriculture, the comparative effectiveness of grain production, and the household′s own basic conditions. 2) Since the turn of the new millennium, the rural area in the eastern coastal China has experienced a rapid development in general. Well developed, developed, moderately developed and undeveloped rural areas respectively occupied 29.32%, 22.33%, 21.91%, and 10.51% in 2008. 3) The countryside had maintained a sound momentum of developing trend between 2000 and 2008, while the rural development in the eastern coastal China lacked sustainability. And 4) industrialization, urbanization, original economic basis, and location are four major driving forces of the disparity of rural area development in the eastern coastal China. Given these results, the strategies and policies for the improvement of each rural group were put forward.     

基于GIS的中心地理论在新农村建设当中的应用——以云南省安宁市为例

为了贯彻落实科学发展观,实现社会主义新农村建设应确立九个标志,其中最首要的标志就是实现农民居住集约化。通过居住的集约才能陆续实现包括:生产方式合作化;生产工具机械化;农民医疗教育制度化;城乡服务一体化。在云南省安宁市八街镇新农村规划中,以实例运用地理信息系统(GIS)技术、经济地理学中CHRISTALLER W中心地理论,充分结合云南乡村"多民族、小聚居"等特点,研究集约化聚居对农村经济发展及空间布局模式改进的意义。同时,探索如何运用GIS硬科学技术与中心地理论软文化实施共同为社会主义新农村建设服务的示范。     

The gendering of work and everyday life in the Swedish countryside

The paper brings together the results of a number of research projects concerning women's working conditions in sparsely populated areas of the Swedish countryside. The specific conditions regarding the job market in such areas can be linked to the issue of equality. Women are more likely than men to have part-time jobs as their main source of income. In the countryside the traditional ‘gender contract’ between a man and a woman is stronger than in the cities. Traditional patterns of gender roles and limited labour market opportunities are the main obstacles to the development of a more gender-equal countryside. This is best illustrated by the fact that, in general, the everyday lives of men and women differ when it comes to working life, taking care of their children and household, and indulging in leisure time activities. For many people, living in the countryside is also a lifestyle issue.     

Representing rurality? New Labour and the electoral geography of rural Britain

The first Blair administration faced clamorous criticism from some lobby groups for its handling of rural issues. Yet Labour has presented itself as a 'one–nation' party representing both urban and rural areas. This paper examines the basis of recent claims about the parliamentary representation of rural Britain, and analyzes the results of the last two General Elections. It illustrates how the malleability of the category of 'rural' allows for contrasting claims about rural representation, and highlights the continuity of party representation among those constituencies located outside the main urban areas in the 1997 and 2001 parliaments, despite regular rural protest.     

Publishing and publishers: towards an historical geography of countryside writing, c. 1930-1950

The role of publishers as cultural agents is under-researched by those who have made use of the extensive canon of twentieth-century countryside writing. This paper calls for an historical geography of publishing, which treats publishers as a vital element in the production and circulation of knowledge.     

STUDIES OF BEAUTIFUL GEOGRAPHY

IntroductionIhthestudyofdistribution0fproduchon,wef0undasatoffaCtsthatproduCtonhadn0tbandistribUtedaccordingtDthenompllawsofthedistributionofproduCtion.'Forexamle,ashoemakerWhogotrickinSoutheaStAsiacamebaCktoNaning(inChina)anddistribUtedarestauranopsis,Ji…     

广东新农村建设的区域差异

广东省新农村建设取得巨大成就,但是在区域层面上还存在较大的差异,这不仅影响到广东进一步推进新农村建设的步伐,也会影响到广东省经济社会持续健康发展、全面建设小康社会以及率先基本实现社会主义现代化战略目标的实现.本文从生产发展、生活宽裕、乡风文明、村容整洁和管理民主五个方面构建了广东省社会主义新农村建设评价指标体系,从四大经济区域层面上对广东省新农村建设情况进行诊断.分析和评判了其新农村建设实现程度和存在的制约因素.研究结果表明:[1]2006年广东省社会主义新农村建设实现程度75.5%;[2]在区域层面上,珠江三角洲、东翼、西翼和北部山区的新农村建设实现程度分别为85.3%、71.1%、69.5%和67.0%,区域间差异明显;[3]各区域的制约因素主要表现在珠江三角洲地区的农业生产组织化程度、农业基础设施和城乡收入差距方面;东翼地区的经济实力、农业生产组织化程度和清洁能源使用率等方面;西翼地区的农业基础设施建设、恩格尔系数、清洁能源使用、饮用水质量以及垃圾实施集中处理程度低等方面;北部山区村的容村村貌和农民生活水平和经济落后方面.