鲁北平原区城乡建设用地增减挂钩模式及经验—以山东省夏津县为例

我国人多地少,后备耕地资源极其短缺,人地矛盾突出。伴随工业化和城镇化步伐的加快,土地供需矛盾日益尖锐。为合理配置、有效利用土地资源,统筹城乡发展,有效落实城乡建设用地增减挂钩政策成为缓解建设用地供需矛盾、优化城乡建设用地布局的有效途径和手段。该文结合夏津县城乡建设用地增减挂钩工作实践,提出了适应鲁北平原区的城乡建设用地增减挂钩模式,总结了一些好的经验与做法。同时,也对存在问题进行了剖析,并提出了对策。     

河南省基本公共服务质量空间格局与空间效应研究

构建基本公共服务质量评价指标体系,对河南省基本公共服务水平和空间格局特征进行了分析,最后采用空间杜宾模型研究了基本公共服务的空间溢出效应与影响因素。研究发现：① 2005~2014年河南省各市基本公共服务水平呈不同程度的上升趋势,但整体水平不高;空间格局上呈自西北向东南衰减的半环带圈层结构。② 基本公共服务在市际尺度上具有显著的全局与局部自相关特征,随时间呈现集聚-分散-集聚的演变模式;高高集聚与低低集聚的空间俱乐部趋同特征明显。③ 空间杜宾模型检验表明基本公共服务空间上存在溢出效应;城镇化水平、地方政府财政支出能力、地方经济发展活力对基本公共服务具有正向促进作用。     

考虑应变率影响的圆管结构冲击试验缩尺修正方法研究

评估结构耐撞性能最可靠的方法是实尺度碰撞试验,然而对于大尺度结构物的碰撞试验,因其耗资巨大而不易开展,适当开展比例模型试验可以为简化解析算法及数值仿真计算提供验证依据,也可在一定程度上评估结构的耐撞性能。但是在进行碰撞模型试验时,材料应变率的敏感性会使得缩尺模型的动态响应与实尺度结构结果出现偏差,模型试验得到的数据与实际结构的动响应不完全遵循相似关系,这就限制了相似理论在大型结构物冲击问题上的应用。本文给出了一种通过改变冲击质量来修正应变率效应的方法,不同于传统量纲分析法中选取时间、质量和长度为基本量纲,而是以冲击质量、初始冲击速度和动态应力代替,得到计及应变率效应的质量相似关系。以此为基础,将该修正方法应用于船舶-自升式海洋平台的碰撞分析中。研究结果表明,该修正方法可以有效降低由于应变率效应而造成的缩尺误差,修正后的缩尺模型在碰撞冲击载荷下的位移、碰撞力和撞击时间等动态响应参数与实尺度模型结果的一致性更好。本文研究成果可以为大型结构物冲击模型试验设计提供技术支撑。     

Proposal for a poverty-adaptation-mitigation window within the Green Climate Fund

The stakes for alleviating poverty and avoiding unbridled climate change are inextricably linked. Climate change impacts will slow down and may even reverse trends in poverty reduction. The pathways consistent with global warming of no more than 2?°C require strategies for poverty alleviation to make allowance for the constraint of low-carbon development. Existing climate funds have failed to target poverty alleviation as a high-priority strategy for adaptation or as a component of low-carbon development. This article proposes a funding window as part of the Green Climate Fund in order to foster synergies targeting greater satisfaction of basic needs, while making allowance for adaptation and mitigation. This financial mechanism is based on indicators of the satisfaction of basic needs and could respond to the claims of the developing countries, which see alleviating poverty as the first priority in climate negotiations. It defines a country continuum, given that there are poor people everywhere; all developing countries are therefore eligible with a mechanism of this sort.

Policy relevance

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) calls for substantial emissions reductions and adaptation strategies over the next decades to reduce the high risks of severe impacts of climate change over the 21st century. Industrialized countries and developing countries alike recognize the need to mitigate climate change and to adapt to it. But they face many challenges that lead to an ‘emissions gap’ between an emissions level consistent with the 2?°C increase limit and the voluntary pledges that they have made thus far in the climate negotiations (United Nations Environment Programme. (2014). The Emissions Gap Report 2014. A UNEP synthesis report). In this arena, many developing countries underline that their first domestic priority is the satisfaction of basic needs. In the run-up to the next climate negotiations at the 21st Conference of the Parties (COP 21) in Paris, the proposed poverty-adaptation-mitigation funding window could contribute to alleviate the conflict between development and climate goals in developing countries. In this sense, it could spur developing countries to integrate more ambitious emissions limitations pledges into their Intended Nationally Determined Contributions. This could in turn entice industrialized countries to act similarly. In the end, it could pave the way to an ambitious climate agreement in Paris at COP 21.     

城市化与生态环境交互耦合系统的基本定律

城市化与生态环境之间存在着客观的动态耦合关系,这种耦合关系可以看作是一个开放的、非平衡的、具有非线性相互作用和自组织能力的动态涨落系统,称其为城市化与生态环境交互耦合系统。根据耗散结构理论和生态需要定律理论,从理论上分析了城市化与生态环境交互耦合系统满足的六大基本定律,即耦合裂变律,动态层级律,随机涨落律,非线性协同律,阈值律和预警律,这六大定律是研究分析城市化与生态环境交互耦合过程必须遵循的基本定律。对系统揭示城市化过程与生态环境演变过程之间的交互胁迫和动态耦合关系具有重要的理论指导意义。     

Geochemical characteristics and zircon U-Pb isotopic ages of island-arc basic igneous complexes from the Tianshui area in West Qinling

The Liushuigou intermediate-basic meta-igneous complex at Guanzizhen, Tianshui area, is mainly composed of metagabbro, metagabbro diorite and metadiorite, while the Baihua basic meta-igneous complex consists mainly of pyroxenite, gabbro (gabbro diorite), diorite and quartz diorite. They form a relatively complete comagmatic evolutionary series. The geochemical characteristics of intermediate-basic igneous rocks indicate that they belong to a tholeiite suite. Their chondrite-normalized REE patterns are nearly flat and are LREE-slightly enriched type, and their primitive mantle-normalized and MORB-normalized trace element spider-grams are generally similar; the LILEs Cs, Ba, Sr, Th and U are enriched, while Rb and K and the HFSEs Nb, P, Zr, Sm, Ti and Y are depleted. All these show comagmatic evolutionary and genetic characteristics. The tectonic environment discrimination by trace element reveals that these igneous complexes formed in an island-arc setting. The Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) single-grain zircon U-Pb age for the Liushuigou intermediate-basic meta-igneous rocks in the Guanzizhen area is (507.5±3.0) Ma, representing the age of these igneous complexes, which indicates that island-arc-type magmatite rocks in the northern zone of West Qinling are Late Cambrian and also reveals that the timing of subduction of the paleo-ocean basin represented by the Guanzizhen ophiolite and resulting island-arc-type magmatic activity are probably Late Cambrian to Early Ordovician. Translated from Geology in China, 2005, 32(4): 529–540 [译自: 中国地质]     

矿产资源储量核查中测量精度分析

在矿山资源储量核查中，应对其采矿工程测量资料进行检测。检测项目包括基本控制点、近井点和高程基点、井口坐标、井下导线点及高程基点、井下巷道及采区范围，并根据有关规范推算其测量精度及误差范围，进而对矿山原有资料进行评述。     

新疆哈密南部北山地区基性岩墙群的地质特征及形成构造环境

新疆北山地区广泛发育一系列相互平行的基性岩(墙)脉群,总体呈北北西-北北东向展布,与区域构造线(北东东向)大角度相交,岩石类型主要为辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩,岩石地球化学特征与库鲁克塔格地区的基性岩墙群相似.基性岩(墙)脉群的形成与北山地区二叠纪裂谷作用有关,可能是地幔柱上涌、"三连点式"破裂之后,在废弃的石炭纪裂谷或裂谷陆缘上侵位的产物.     

2006年3月31日吉林省前郭-乾安MS4.8地震序列

2006年3月31日,吉林省前郭县与乾安县之间发生4.8级地震,极震区有一定破坏,但无人员伤亡。本文对此次地震的余震监测及现场地震趋势跟踪分析进行了回顾,对3.7级余震前产生的微破裂机制进行了初步探讨,分析了震源破裂性质对余震序列强度的影响。