Numerical study of three-dimensional wave-induced longshore current's effects on sediment spreading of the Huanghe River mouth

A three-dimensional wave radiation stress is introduced into the hydrodynamic sediment coupled model COHERENS-SED, which has been developed through introducing wave-enhanced bottom shear stress, wave dependent surface drag coefficient, wave-induced surface mixing, SWAN, damping function of sediment on turbulence, sediment model and depth-dependent wave radiation stress to COHERENS. The COHERENS-SED is adopted to study the effects induced by wave-induced three-dimensional longshore current on suspended sediment spreading of the Huanghe River (Yellow River) mouth. Several different cases divided by setting different wave parameters of inputting boundary waves are carried out. The modeling results agree with measurement data. In terms of simulation results, it is easy to know that three-dimensional wave radiation stress plays an obvious role when inputting boundary wave height is stronger than 3 m. Moreover, wave direction also affects the sediment spreading rules of the mouth strongly too.     

印度大陆板块北漂的动力机制研究

印度大陆板块是一个活化的克拉通板块,其向北漂移并与欧亚板块碰撞过程得到了广泛研究,但其北漂的动力机制则很少被关注。传统上认为是海底扩张造成了印度大陆板块的北漂,但最新的地球物理观测结果却与此相悖。基于地磁场异常特征、古地磁测量和地震勘探剖面等诸多证据的系统分析研究,结果表明印度大陆板块厚度大约40 km,其北漂的动力机制与印度板块南侧深部的岩浆上涌密切相关,大陆板块的漂移是自发驱动的。通过新建立的大陆漂移模型可以合理解释印度大陆板块漂移的动力来源,并合理地解释了印度大陆板块北漂中伴随左旋的深层次动力机制。最后探讨了印度大陆板块在80~40 Ma期间异常高速漂移的根源和东非大裂谷的成因。本研究为大陆漂移模式提供了一个新的动力机制。     

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Spreading of a NAPL lens in a double-porosity medium

Spreading of a non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) denser than water (DNAPL) lens (mound) in the unsaturated zone of double-porosity aquifer above an impervious plane boundary is investigated. The double-porosity aquifer is conceptualized as a fracture network surrounding pervious blocks. Vertical gravity equilibrium is assumed to prevail in each one of the two media, fractures and blocks. Through vertical integration, two coupled partial differential equations for the DNAPL content in each medium are obtained. The mass exchange rate between high- and low-permeability media is considered as a function of NAPL content. The dominant effect is gravity, whereas capillary forces are negligible. Analytical solutions for one-dimensional and axisymmetric problems of mound spreading are obtained.     

Fault configuration produced by initial arc rifting in the Parece Vela Basin as deduced from seismic reflection data

Abstract   The Parece Vela Basin (PVB), which is a currently inactive back-arc basin of the Philippine Sea Plate, was formed by separation between the Izu-Ogasawara Arc (IOA) and the Kyushu-Palau Ridge (KPR). Elucidating the marks of the past back-arc opening and rifting is important for investigation of its crustal structure. To image its fault configurations and crustal deformation, pre-stack depth migration to multichannel seismic reflection was applied and data obtained by the Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology and Metal Mining Agency of Japan and Japan National Oil Corporation (Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation). Salient results for the pre-stack depth-migrated sections are: (i) deep reflectors exist around the eastern margin of KPR and at the western margin of IOA down to 8 km depth; and (ii) normal fault zones distributed at the eastern margin of the KPR (Fault zone A) and the western margin of the IOA (Fault zone B) have a total displacement of greater than 500 m associated with synrift sediments. Additional normal faults (Fault zone C) exist 20 km east of the Fault zone B. They are covered with sediment, which indicates deposition of recent volcanic products in the IOA. According to those results: (i) the fault displacement of more than 500 m with respect to initial rifting was approximately asymmetric at 25 Ma based on PSDM profiles; and (ii) the faults had reactivated after 23 Ma, based on the age of deformed sediments obtained from past ocean drillings. The age of the base sediments corresponds to those of spreading and rotation after rifting in the PVB. Fault zone C is covered with thick and not deformed volcanogenic sediments from the IOA, which suggests that the fault is inactive.     

蛇绿岩中伸展变形与古洋盆扩张构造研究综述

综合介绍了世界上几个典型蛇绿岩带中伸展变形构造的实例,如何形成辉长质或其它不同层次的糜棱岩,可造成辉绿岩墙群的倾斜旋转,可使得原始洋壳厚度变薄等,蛇绿岩中伸展构造记录了已经消失的洋盆的生成,拆离和消减过程中的关信息,研究蛇绿岩中伸展变形构造,有助于恢复古洋盆的规模的演化过程,也是蛇绿岩研究的新方向这一。     

Evolution of the South China Sea: Revised ages for breakup and seafloor spreading

The continental breakup which gave way to the formation of the oceanic South China Sea (SCS) basin began in the latest Cretaceous in the northeastern SCS and propagated in southern and western direction over a long period of time, possibly more than 40 m.y. The seafloor spreading history of the South China Sea has been interpreted in different ways in the past and the debate over the correct timing of the major tectonic events continues. We review the different models that have been published and present a revised interpretation of seafloor spreading anomalies based on three datasets with documented high quality which cover all of the SCS but the northernmost and southernmost parts. We can precisely date the onset of seafloor spreading in the central part of the SCS at 32 Ma. After a ridge jump at 25 Ma spreading also began in the southwestern sub-basin and spreading ended at 20.5 Ma in the entire basin, followed by a phase of magmatic seamount formation mainly along the abandoned spreading ridge. Spreading rates vary from 56 mm/yr in the early stages to 72 mm/yr after the ridge jump to 80 mm/yr in the southwestern sub-basin. We find indications for a stepwise propagation of the seafloor spreading from northeast to southwest in segments bounded by major fracture zones. Seafloor spreading ended abruptly probably because the subduction zone along the eastern and southern boundary of the SCS (of which today the Manila Trench remains) was blocked by collision with a continental fragment, possibly the northern part of Palawan or a part of the Dangerous Grounds.     

澳大利亚--一颗陨落的巨星

提出了澳大利亚是地球上一颗陨落的卫星的假说.6 700万年前,地球曾吸引它自己的一颗卫星,撞击在东非-马达加斯加附近,这颗卫星就是澳大利亚.澳大利亚在地表上的下陷过程中不断东移,造成它北面和东面半圆形的弧形构造.由于撞击作用,使太平洋洋底的部分岩体飞升到天上,成为我们头上的这轮月亮.新月亮在飞升时,把太平洋北面和西面拖曳成花彩般的弧形构造,并把美洲西部推覆成科迪勒拉(落矶山)山脉和安第斯山脉.     

粤北海西早期沉积盆地扩张与热水成矿

晚古生代期间,粤北半地堑式裂陷盆地受控于华南板块内的三叉张裂盆地系统。沉积演化阶段包括基底上隆、张裂、沉陷（三角洲充填）、下沉和封闭阶段。海西盆地演化史中的沉陷至稳定早期阶段对热水成矿有利。热水（喷气）矿床一般具有"三明治"式的矿石序列:底板蚀变（脉状矿石）一整合块状硫化物矿体→顶板蚀变和/或喷气盖层,以及底部爆发和沸腾特征。热水沉积（喷气）岩具有负的δ13C和δ18O和δ18O值以及低于正常海相硅岩的δ18O值,具有强烈的Eu正常REE模式。海西旋回可识别出4个与矿化层位有关的热事件:中泥盆统、上泥盆统、中—上石炭统和二叠统。区内绝大多数块状硫化物矿床是盆地扩张早期产物,而某些矿床（Au、Ag、Cu）则是盆地封闭阶段——印支运动（T5—J1）的产物。